U članku se prikazuje kritika hrvatske političke emigracije od njezina sudionika Bogdana Radice. Polazeći od koncepta bijede malih istočnoeuropskih država poznatoga mađarskog povjesničara Istvána ...Bibόa, članak pokazuje kako je Radica bijedu (dijela) hrvatske političke emigracije detektirao u njezinu odbijanju integraciji u društva zapadne Europe i SAD-a zbog odbacivanja vrijednosti liberalne demokracije, stoga je emigracija, prema Radici, propustila ispuniti najvažnije zadaće: pokušati djelovati na javnost i društvene elite zapadnih zemalja u smjeru ostvarenja samostalne Hrvatske. Naposljetku, Radica analizira fenomen terorizma najmlađega emigrantskog vala 1970-ih godina preko koncepta dinarskog poluinteligenta izvedenog iz koncepta poluinteligencije Jósea Ortege Y Gasseta, kojim se Radica već koristio u opisivanju situacije u Hrvatskoj i Jugoslaviji 1945. godine.
Članek obravnava intelektualno elito ruskih priseljencev v Slovenijo med obema svetovnima vojnama, ki je predstavljala prvo generacijo ruske emigracije. Ob orisu širšega zgodovinskopolitičnega ozadja ...v tedanji Sloveniji in Jugoslaviji prispevek prikaže usode in delovanje nekaterih vidnih predstavnikov, ki so med drugim tudi vplivali na takratno slovensko kulturno dogajanje. Izpostavljeni so J. V. Spektorski, A. Bubnov in A. V. Isačenko, ki so s svojo akademsko dejavnostjo v mnogočem obogatili in razširili slovensko kulturno zavest. V razpravi so njihova dela podrobneje predstavljena.
Tajna akcija „Igre 79 Begonja, Zlatko; Knez, Luka
Miscellanea Hadriatica et Mediterranea,
07/2023, Letnik:
9, Številka:
-
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Autori temeljem arhivskog gradiva i relevantne literature analiziraju djelovanje jugoslavenske Službe državne sigurnosti tijekom priprema i održavanja VIII. Mediteranskih igara 1979. godine. Žarište ...istraživanja usmjereno je na metode rada obavještajnih struktura, posebice načine vrbovanja i korištenja suradnika te operativne mjere nadzora i praćenja sumnjivih osoba i (mogućih) neprijatelja komunističkog poretka. Cilj je rada pokazati razinu državne represije i nadzora, što je ostalo kao jedna od osnovnih karakteristika jugoslavenskog sustava sve do raspada države.
U radu se na osnovi dosad neobrađene arhivske građe, hrvatskoga i iseljeničkoga tiska te relevantne literature analizira politička dimenzija posjeta izaslanstva Matice iseljenika Hrvatske ...iseljeničkim zajednicama u Australiji koji je trajao od srpnja do rujna 1971., prvenstveno u kontekstu utjecaja na tzv. proces diferencijacije u iseljeništvu, koji je dosad vrlo slabo istražen. U Hrvatskoj su krajem 1960-ih uočili određena politička raslojavanja u iseljeništvu kao posljedicu dolaska novih iseljenika i kao odraz političkih događanja u domovini tijekom hrvatskoga proljeća te postojećih političkih razlika među samim iseljenicima, što su nastojali iskoristiti da bi neutralizirali utjecaj hrvatske političke emigracije i većinu iseljenika vezali uz domovinu i njezin socijalistički društveno-politički sustav. Cilj rada jest doprinijeti istraživanju povijesti iseljeništva i međuodnosa hrvatskih institucija s iseljeništvom tijekom razdoblja socijalističke Jugoslavije.
This paper analyses the political background of the departure of the Croatian Heritage Foundation’s (CHF) delegation to Australia in summer 1971, i.e. the political reasons behind it and the purpose of the visit. Believing their influence among the expatriates to be great, the CHF decided to use an opportune moment of political divisions among the expatriates in order to neutralise the influence of the political émigrés among the expatriates while simultaneously attempting to gain the support of most expatriates for building closer ties with the homeland and accepting its socialist social-political system. The political divisions among the expatriates, the so-called differentiation process, was a consequence of political differences among the émigrés themselves, the arrival of new expatriates, and the positive influence of political movements in Croatia during the Croatian Spring. This process was particularly prominent in Australia, which was also seen as a bastion of reactionary expatriates, strongly influenced by Croatian political émigrés. The CHF delegation’s journey was planned in agreement with political factors from the Socialist Republic of Croatia. The tenets of the Tenth Session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Croatia and the climate of the Croatian Spring—which included a strengthening of Croatian identity at the expense of Yugoslav identity among expatriates—served as their political milestones. The Football Federation of Croatia worked with the CHF in Croatia, while the managements of the football clubs ‘Croatia’, Croatian associations that split off from Croatian Halls owned by political émigrés, Committees of the Croatian Cancer League, the ‘Croatian Youth’ organisation, and parts of the clergy and the pro-Yugoslav émigrés who were ready to work with the rest of the Croatian expatriates were all seen as potential collaborators. The Yugoslav diplomatic missions and consular posts were seen as the factors that should spearhead the differentiation process, but were also considered problematic because Croats were under-represented in them, because they denied the existence of the differentiation process, because they opposed the concentration of expatriates on a national basis, and because they spread the claim that the Croatian émigrés were extremists on the Australian public scene. The main opposition to this process offered by the Croatian political émigrés, who were allied to the Australian conservative government from the moment they arrived in the country. Expatriates unburdened by politics received the delegation well, while the political émigrés viewed it negatively, interpreting its visit as an exclusively political move and casting doubt on its publicly stated goal, which was claimed to be exclusively to expand social and cultural ties. With the change of the political circumstances after the suppression of the Croatian Spring in Karađorđevo, the differentiation process was halted, while the delegation members found themselves subject to much criticism due to their activities in Australia, though they did not suffer any far-reaching political consequences.
U radu se na osnovi neobrađene arhivske građe, hrvatskoga i iseljeničkoga tiska te relevantne literature analiziraju dosad neistražene okolnosti nastale nakon sloma hrvatskoga proljeća u odnosima ...jugoslavenskih društveno-političkih čimbenika s Hrvatskom bratskom zajednicom, s posebnim osvrtom na opće stanje u iseljeništvu u tom razdoblju. Slom hrvatskoga proljeća u iseljeništvu je izazvao val nezadovoljstva i potaknuo aktivnosti hrvatske političke emigracije, koja je tvrdila da je u komunističkoj Jugoslaviji Hrvatska zapostavljena, a hrvatski narod potlačen. U takvoj situaciji jugoslavenski društveno-politički čimbenici posebno su bili zabrinuti zbog reakcija dijela hrvatskoga iseljeništva koje je dotad bilo prijateljski orijentirano prema Jugoslaviji, a koje je počelo prihvaćati stavove političke emigracije. Posebno je bila zabrinjavajuća kritička reakcija predsjednika Hrvatske bratske zajednice Johna Badovinca upućena jugoslavenskom vodstvu, zbog čega je u Sjedinjene Američke Države i Kanadu upućeno izaslanstvo Matice iseljenika Hrvatske. Cilj je rada doprinijeti istraživanju povijesti iseljeništva i međuodnosa hrvatskih institucija s iseljeništvom tijekom razdoblja socijalističke Jugoslavije.
This paper analyses the circumstances that affected Croatian emigrants after the collapse of the Croatian Spring, particularly regarding the relations of important figures in Yugoslav society and political affairs with those of the HBZ (Croatian Fraternal Union). The events in Croatia caused by the collapse of the Croatian Spring in December 1971 and the repressive measures applied to the leading figures in them gave rise to a wave of dissatisfaction among emigrants; in particular those who had left for political reasons, who voiced charges that the Croatian people were disenfranchised and oppressed. Although few in number, with their intense propaganda activity and the public expression of anti-Yugoslav and pro-Croatian attitudes, they caught the attention of the international public and also aroused the sympathy of those emigrants who had been building friendly relations with the homeland and its institutions, which caused considerable concern among diplomatic and socio-political representatives in Yugoslavia. A considerable cause for concern was the criticism of the Yugoslav leadership ensuant upon the collapse of the Croatian Spring expressed by John Badovinac, president of the HBZ, which was the most numerous and wealthiest émigré organization and one that had for years maintained good and amicable relations with Yugoslavia, particularly with the MIH (Croatian Heritage Foundation). The concern grew even more because Badovinac used the same arguments as political émigrés. It was feared that political dissidents, after many years of failure to take over the leadership of HBZ, could do so, which would have caused Yugoslavia to lose the support of slightly more than one million emigrants in the United States of America and Canada. Croatian and Yugoslav diplomatic, social and political institutions adopted a joint policy with regards to the HBZ in order to avoid provoking a reaction; it was decided that the Croatian Heritage Foundation send a delegation to the emigrants of the USA and Canada, primarily with the task of maintaining good relations with the HBZ. During the visit, the delegation met up only with pro-Yugoslav oriented emigration organisations; the talks with the HBZ were successful and exceeded expectations, because Badovinac had been influenced by the pro-Yugoslav majority of the main board of the HBZ as well as by the official American policy supporting the Yugoslav leadership. Owing to the successful maintenance of good relations with the HBZ in the Croatian Heritage Foundation, the conclusion was drawn that in general the work with Croatian emigrants, loyal to Yugoslavia, would be successfully continued, regardless of predictions from the beginning of 1971 that had been disappointing to say the least. On the other hand, regardless of the circumstances in the HBZ, the political emigrant community, encouraged by the development of the situation in the homeland for stronger unity and gathering, also continued with its intense activities among the emigrants.
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