ETHNOLINGUISTIC SITUATION IN THE PREHISTORIC NORTH-EAST EUROPESummaryThe hitherto known facts allow to state that in the period between the disintegration of Indo-European community and the ...expansion of Mongolian-Turkic peoples four groups of languages: Germanic, Balto-Slavic, Finno-Ugrian and Iranian, connected with one another, existed in the North-East Europe. With the exception of Germanic-Iranian, the existence of contacts between all the remaining groups is assumed, where only the Baltic-Iranian contacts have not been proved to this day. As to Baltic-Slavic connections, apart from similarities resulting from common heritage, they are very late and they go beyond the epoch which comes into question. No certain Baltic borrowings in common Slavic and vice versa no Slavic borrowings in common Baltic have as yet been stated. There are only Polish loan-words in Old Prussian as well as East Slavic and Polish terms in Lithuanian and Latvian. Moreover, some local Baltic influences in the neighbouring Slavic languages have been found. The prehistoric Baltic-Germanic contacts were rather scarce and late and, as it seems, mainly Scandinavian languages were the direct source of Germanic borrowings in Baltic (in the case of Old Prussian it was also Gothic). The Baltic-Finno-Ugrian contacts embraced West Finnic and Volga Finnic languages only, but they were close and prolonged. The Baltic loan-words in West Finnic are numerous (about two hundred), whereas to the unquestionable borrowings in Volga Finnic belong only five words in Mordvian. The Finno-Ugrian borrowings in Baltic are less frequent (about forty words). Most of them come from West Finnic and here also a few words of Iranian and Germanic origin occur. Some of them are known in Slavic languages which allow us to state that they may have dated back to Balto-Slavic epoch.
ETHNOLINGUISTIC PROCESSES IN THE EASTERN PERIBALTIC AREA AS BASED ON THE EVIDENCE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND RELATED DISCIPLINESSummaryThe reconstruction of ethnolinguistic processes is possible based on ...correlating archaeological evidence with those of comparative linguistics and physical anthropology, taking into account the palaeoenvironmental data. One may distinguish two major concentration zones of the Upper Palaeolithic sites in Europe and in the Mediterranean basin; the first being tentatively attributed to the Uralian proto-languages, the second to the Basque-Caucasian group. The initial settlement of the eastern Peribaltic area occurred in the Late-Glacial period (13 – 10 t. y. b. p.) mostly from the first (Uralian) zone with a limited participation of elements stemming from the second zone. The proliferationfof the Indo-European languages is seen as resulting from the spread of the farming economy in the course of the 8th–6th millennia B. C. The initial penetration of the I. E. languages into the Eastern Peribaltic area is archaeologically reflected in the Narvian culture (4th–3rd millennia B. C). The Sperlings, Upper Volga and Volga–Kama cultures are seen as belonging to the Finno–Ugrian linguistic groups. The spread of the pit-and-comb decorated pottery within the forest zone in the 3rd millennium B. C. is considered as resulting from the cultural consolidation of Finno-Ugrian speaking communities. The Corded Ware cultures in the Middle and North-Eastern Europe (3rd–2nd millennia B. C.) are interpreted as belonging to undifferentiated German–Slavic–Baltic communities. In the course of the 1st millennium B. C. the predominantly Slavic-speaking communities established themselves in the forest-steppe zone (‘agricultural Scyths’) while Baltic-speaking communities dominated the Upper Dniepr and Danube basins, as well as the south-eastern Peribaltic areas.
By using cognitive definition method created by the Lublin ethnolinguists, this paper aims to explore the Lithuanian conception of wisdom and where it stands within the set of moral values. Firstly, ...the data from various dictionaries is examined. The second part analyses data from a survey and represents the contemporary worldview of a young person. The third part is an analysis of data from six discourses, revealing wisdom as a complex concept. In the end, the cognitive definition is formulated. It reflects the understanding, evaluation, and characterization of wisdom in Lithuanianʼs mind, together with its coherence to other values and virtues.
Članek predstavi življenjsko zgodbo slovenske emigrantke dr. Branislave Sušnik in oceni njeno znanstvenoraziskovalno delo na področju zgodovinske antropologije, etnografije, etnolingvistike in ...muzeologije Paragvaja. Izpostavi pomembnost njenih raziskav na področju amerikanistike in odmevnost njenega dela v paragvajski družbi. Opozori tudi na nekorekten odnos slovenske stroke do njenih znanstvenih dosežkov. Slovenska etnologija in kulturna antropologija do zdaj nista uspeli ovrednotiti njenega znanstvenega dela. V zaključku članek zato predlaga strokovno in osebno pripoznanje dr. Sušnikove, prevode njenih ključnih del in njihovo vključitev v dediščino slovenskih znanstvenih dosežkov.
МОЛИТВЕННЫЕ ОБРАЩЕНИЯ К МОЛОДОМУ МЕСЯЦУ В ФОЛЬКЛОРЕ ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЛИТВЫ: ЭТНОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТРезюмеВ статье с этнолингвистической точки зрения рассматриваются так называемые молитвенные обращения ...к молодому месяцу, широко известные в литовском фольклоре. Подобные тексты относятся к лечебной магии: их произносящий человек надеется на счастье, здоровье, благополучие в личной жизни. Как сама структура таких текстов, так и их лексический состав указывают на тесную связь их с подобными текстами славянского фольклора, особенно польского и русского. Об архаичности молитвенных обращений к молодому месяцу свидетельствует то, что в них тесно переплетаются элементы языческого и христианского происхождения.
DAR KARTĄ NEUROI: ETNOLINGVISTINĖS VARDO REIKŠMĖS TYRIMAS SantraukaNeuroi daugelio tyrėjų aiškinamas kaip hidroniminės kilmės etnonimas. Straipsnyje keliama mintis, kad šis pavadinimas: 1) bus ...atsiradęs del etnolingvistinės opozicijos „aiškiai kalbantieji“ – „neaiškiai, nesuprantamai kalbantieji“ (tai būdinga daugeliui kitų baltų ir nebaltų etnonimų, pvz.: mixkai, gudai,Немцы ); 2) sietinas su lie. niáura, niaũras, -à, niaurỹs, -ė̃ ‘kas/kuris pro nosį kalba, niurzga, neaiškiai kalba‘. Tokiu vardu senovėje galėjo būti vadinamos tiek prabaltų, tiek praslavų gentys.
Pregovori kot tradicionalne paremiološke enote so semantično bogati izrazi, ki ponujajo dragocen vpogled v kulturno kompleksnost. O kulturi lahko veliko izvemo z vpogledom v njene kratke folklorne ...oblike, ki predstavljajo odsev časa in družbe. Odsev družbe je viden tako na ravni zgradbe kot ubeseditve metaforičnih in metonimičnih oblik. Prispevek bo prikazal potencial pregovorov o alkoholnih pijačah v namen raziskave o odnosu do alkoholnih pijač in njihovih uživalcih v dani kulturi na podlagi arhivskega gradiva Inštituta za slovensko narodopisje ZRC SAZU.
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