It is well known that the forest soils represent the key element of the forest site, the knowledge of their diversity and characteristics being crucial for a sustainable forest management ...perspective. The purpose of this study was to highlight the diversity of the forest soils from Sălaj County. Special attention was also given to typical soil characteristics, such as soil pH and humus content. Data from the forest management plans issued between 1989 and 2012 of the state-owned forest districts within Sălaj Forestry Directorate were taken into consideration. The most common forest soils across Sălaj County were the preluvisols, luvisols and eutric cambisols. High amplitude was recorded both in the case of the soil reaction and humus content. In general, the forest soils across Sălaj County are favorable for the main tree species from the region, namely the oaks, mainly pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), sessile oak Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Turkey oak (Q. cerris L.), and the beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).
FOREST SOILS FROM ARGEŞ COUNTY Cristian Mihai Enescu; Lucian Dincă
Current Trends in Natural Sciences,
12/2018, Letnik:
7, Številka:
14
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Forest soils are regarded as the main element of the forest sites, being a strong correlation between the types of the forests and their productivity with the types of the soils. In the last four ...decades, three soil classification systems were developed in Romania, namely SRCS-1980 (valid for the timeframe 1980-2002), SRTS-2003 (used in the period 2003-2012) and SRTS-2012, in use starting from 2013. The aim of this paper was to realize a description of forest soils from Argeş County. The data for the timeframe 1985-2015 from the forest management plans of the state-owned forest districts within Argeş Forestry Directorate were taken into account. The most spread forest soils across Argeş County were the eutric cambisol and the dystric cambisol, followed by the luvisol, preluvisol and entic podzol. The soils vary from moderately humiferous (preluvisols) to intensely humiferous (eutric cambisols, dystric cambisols and luvisols) and very intensely humiferous (entic podzols).
The contents of heavy metals and trace elements and their accumulation in
Medicago sativa L., cultivated on Eutric cambisol along the E75 route section
Belgrade-Leskovac, were examined in order to ...assess the health and safety of
animal feed. The samples of soil and aerial parts of the plant material were
collected from both sides of lanes at 10, 30, 50 and 400 m perpendicular to
the direction of the highway. Soil and plant analyses of the metals content
were done according to ICP methodology. The results showed that at the
locality L 14, a distance of 30 and 50 meters away from the lanes, the
content of total forms of Cr, Ni and Pb in soil was above the maximum
permissible concentration. In the plant biomass it was determined the
following: in a sample from the location L 14 at a distance of 50 meters from
the lanes concentrations of Ni and Co were higher than normal values, and
concentrations of Fe and Pb were above toxic levels or maximum tolerance
levels for animal feed; determined Fe content in the sample of alfalfa at
location L 11, 400 m away from the lanes, and Ni in the sample from the site
D 12 at a distance of 50 m from the lanes, was above the normal values, while
in the sample from D12 location, at a distance of 30 m from the lanes, the
content of Pb was above the toxic levels or maximum tolerance levels for
animal feed. The results suggest a caution in the use of alfalfa, grown near
the highway route, for animal feed because of the potential entry of heavy
metals into the food chain.
Thallium ecotoxicity was assessed in laboratory model experiments by changing in microbiological, biochemical, and phytotoxic properties of soils in the South of Russia: ordinary chernozem (Haplic ...Chernozem (Loamic)), seropesok (Eutric Arenosol), and slightly unsaturated brown forest soil (Eutric Cambisol), differing in texture, pH, and organic matter content. There was usually a direct relationship between Tl concentration and the deterioration rate of the studied soil properties. The ecotoxicity of Tl nitrate was higher as compared to Tl oxide. The ecotoxic effect of Tl was the strongest for chernozem and seropesok within 10 days and for brown forest soil within 30 days after contamination. Restoration of biological soil properties was recorded on the 90th day. The resistance to Tl contamination was the greatest for ordinary chernozem and the smallest for seropesok. The results obtained indicate a high ecotoxicity of Tl.
Forest soils belong to the major carbon sinks on Earth because of their high organic matter content. Forest soils from Europe store approximately 1.5 times more carbon than trees (EC/UN-ECE 2003). As ...dystric cambisol (2,292,385 ha) and eutric cambisol (869,909 ha) are the most widespread forest soils in Romania, we studied 5958 dystric cambisol pedogenetic horizons and 6784 eutric cambisol pedogenetic horizons. A series of correlations was made between soil organic matter and elevation, but also with tree age and stand production class. The differences between stratified soil organic matter in terms of slope aspect categories were tested, and multiple linear regression was used to determine the influences of some relief (elevation) and stand (age) characteristics on the soil organic matter content. Overall, the soil organic matter content increased with increasing elevation. Based on all 12,742 soil samples over a period of 33 years, the soil organic matter content is influenced by elevation and tree age, especially on shaded and partially shaded slope aspects.
The results of the study of the Algai archeological site in the Lower Volga region (Aleksandrov-Gai district, Saratov oblast) are presented. The Algai settlement of the Neo-Eneolithic period includes ...several cultural layers formed over the last eight thousand years. Anthropogenically transformed light chestnut carbonate soils are the modern background surface soils (Eutric Cambisol (Loamic, Protocalcic, Ochric)). Soil, paleosol, and paleobotanical methods and radiocarbon dating have been used in this study. The soil stratum is represented by stratigraphically separated multitemporal full-profile Holocene soils showing different rates of eolian sedimentation and soil formation, vegetation change, and anthropogenic loads in the study area. Paleosol and paleobotanical data indicate hat the natural environment of the territory was not stable throughout the Holocene, and dry steppes existed in the studied territory. The most active sedimentation and soil formation occurred in the middle of the Holocene during the AT-2 period. During the stages of climate aridization, active sedimentation and vegetation suppression took place, which led to the disappearance of people from this territory. The stages of climate humidization were expressed in epigenetic soil formation with the development of organo-accumulative horizons under diverse plant associations and rich species composition of wild animals. These stages were favorable for human habitation. The obtained materials attest to considerable changes in the environmental conditions of the studied area in the Holocene marked by different stages of soil development and accompanied by periodic migration of humans. Unlike the background surface soil, buried soils were formed under extremely arid conditions and are characterized by soda salinization. This study made it possible to obtain new data on the climatic, soil, and paleobotanical features of the studied region.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shallow groundwater tables on soil surface evaporation and its effect on temperature distribution on two aeolian soils in South Africa, Clovelly ...(Eutric Cambisol) and Hutton (Chromic Luvisol) soil forms. The study was conducted at a lysimeter under semi-arid climatic conditions. A constant groundwater tables were created at different depths (0 mm, 500 mm, 1000 mm, 1500 mm and a No WT (no water table treatment as a control) and each of the lysimeters were equipped with a 1200 mm long DFM soil moisture probe to measure the profile water content and soil temperature at 6 depths along the profile (every 200 mm depth). The research site was also equipped with a movable shelter to prevent rain water dilution during rainfall events. Finally, evaporation is calculated by the water balance approach. The ANOVA showed that there was a highly significant difference (P < .01) in rate of evaporation from the water table depths and soil types. The minimum and maximum evaporation were recorded in the deepest and shallowest water table depths. The diurnal soil water content shows that the maximum water content in the two soil profiles was recorded in the early morning times (6:00) and the minimum was in the late afternoon times (between 16:00–17:00). The diurnal variation of soil water content also increased with decreasing water table depth. Regarding the soil temperature, the ANOVA showed that the soil temperature was influenced by the interaction between water table and measurement depths. Hence, the top five minimum soil temperatures were recorded in the shallower (≤500 mm) water tables and the top 5 maximums were recorded in the deeper water table depths (1000, 1500 and No WT). Generally, as the groundwater table depth increased from the surface down the profile, the rate of evaporation decreased resulting an increase in the variation of temperature with in the diurnal cycle.
•The effect of water table on evaporation and soil temperature was investigated.•Bare soil evaporation increased as the water table depth decreased.•Soil profile temperature was increased as the water table depth increased.•The soil surface temperature increased with increasing groundwater table depth.•The variation of diurnal temperature increased as groundwater table increased.
Microbially mediated soil organic matter is an extremely sensitive pool that indicates subtle changes in the quality parameters responsible for the soil’s ecological and productive functions. Fifty ...years of mineral fertilization of a wheat-corn cropping system has a strong impact on soil quality parameters. The goal of the research was to study the dynamics and quality of soil biological parameters affected by increasing amounts of mineral nitrogen. Soil respiration, potentially mineralizable C and N, microbial biomass C and N and light-fraction OM on Cambisol were analyzed in the following treatments: (1) Control (without fertilization); (2) NPK (60/51/67); (3) NPK (90/51/67); (4) NPK (120/51/67); (5) NPK (150/51/67 kg ha−1). The parameters studied were significantly affected by the long-term application of mineral fertilizer compared with both the control and the adjacent native soil. The highest amounts of nitrogen (N150) did not significantly differ from N120 and N90 for most of the parameters studied. Potentially mineralizable C represented the largest labile carbon pool, while microbial biomass N was the largest labile nitrogen pool. The mineralization rates for C and N were oppositely distributed over the seasons. The sensitivity index correlated with the amount of light-fraction OM. The results give a deeper insight into the behavior and distribution of different pools of labile SOM in the agro-landscapes and can serve as a reliable basis for further research focused on zero soil degradation.
The results of interdisciplinary research conducted at the Eneolithic archeological site Oroshaemoe (5–7 ka BC) in Saratov oblast are presented. The studied soils are calcareous light chestnut soils ...(Eutric Cambisols (Loamic, Protocalcic, Ochric)); in the archeological excavation, they are human-modified and contain various artifacts. A set of pedological, paleopedological, paleoclimatic, and paleobotanical methods and radiocarbon dating have been applied. Information on alternation of the periods of humidization and aridization of the territory, stages of soil formation and sedimentation, and on the vegetation cover in the Holocene at the archeological site has been obtained and refined. According to our data, periodic alternation of more humid and more arid conditions has taken place since 7245 ± 60 BP. The stages of aridization were accompanied by the short-term sedimentation related to the activation of eolian processes. Loesslike sediments deposited during these stages are archeologically sterile (do not contain artifacts) and are relatively thin in comparison with the cultural layers separating them. The stages of humidization were marked by more active sedimentation accompanied by soil formation. The obtained data suggest that the past 5000 years have been the period of some humidization of climatic conditions. Preliminary estimates of sedimentation and soil formation rates in the Holocene in the study area attest to their considerable fluctuations. Thus, the rate of soil formation varied from 35 to 0.8 cm per century. The results of this study allow us to refine paleoclimatic reconstructions for the considered area. Periodic changes in the environmental conditions during the Holocene affected the life of the tribes, patterns of human settling, and regional and, possibly, global migration processes. The reconstruction of natural and climatic features of the archeological site and its comparison with published data attest to the uneven paleogeographic situation in the Lower Volga region. It is argued that the chronology of landscape and climatic changes during the Holocene as presented in the publications for the southern arid regions of the East European Plain needs to be revised and made more detailed.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of an application of
different rates of composite mineral fertilizers and their combination with
bacterial inoculants (N-fixing Klebsiella ...planticola and Enterobacter spp.)
on chemical composition and yield of the maize green biomass (without spikes)
on acid Eutric Cambisol during the two growing seasons: 2006 and 2008.
Unfertilized soil was used as a control. The contents of nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium and crude proteins in biomass samples were determined
three times during the maize vegetation season, as follows: stage of
intensive growth, milk-waxy maturity stage and full maturity stage. Measuring
of the green biomass yield was carried out at the end of the vegetation. The
results of the study showed that the use of high rates of composite mineral
fertilizers and their combination with bacterial inoculants resulted in
increased contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and crude proteins in
the maize biomass during the both study years, which was noticeably observed
in the stage of intensive growth. The highest increase in the biomass yield
was obtained by the same mentioned treatments, although the combination of
bacterial inoculants and lower rates of mineral fertilizers resulted in
higher yields comparing to the application of lower rates of the pure mineral
nutrients. The data suggest that the studied bacterial inoculants can be used
in further investigations as the potential agents of new biofertilizers for
improved maize production and other agriculture crops in animal nutrition.
Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR-37006
This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction 10.2298/BAH1704493E
nema
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