This paper aimed to review synchrotron-based and globar-sourced molecular infrared (micro)spectroscopy contributions to advances in new hulless barley (with structure alteration) research on ...molecular structure, molecular nutrition, and nutrient delivery in ruminants. It reviewed recent progress in barley varieties, its utilization for animal and human, inherent structure features and chemical make-up, evaluation and research methodology, breeding progress, rumen degradation, and intestinal digestion. The emphasis of this review was focused on the effect of alteration of carbohydrate traits of newly developed hulless barley on molecular structure changes and nutrient delivery and quantification of the relationship between molecular structure features and changes and truly absorbed nutrient supply to ruminants. This review provides an insight into how inherent structure changes on a molecular basis affect nutrient utilization and availability in ruminants.
Recently X-ray fluorescence techniques have been widely used in food and agricultural science areas. Minimal sample preparation, nondestructive analysis, high spatial resolution, and multiple ...elements measurements within a single sample are among its advantages. In this review, literature of X-ray fluorescence are extensively researched and summarized from food and agricultural science areas focusing on food safety inspection, food nutrition, plant science, soil science, and Ca-related problems in horticultural crops. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of X-ray fluorescence comparing with traditional analytical techniques of elements are also discussed. The more advanced technology such as developments of detector, scanning system, beamline capability among others would significantly increase future application of X-ray fluorescence techniques. Combination use of XRF with other tools such as chemometrics or data analytics would greatly improve its prediction performance. These further improvements offer exciting perspectives for the application of X-ray fluorescence in the food and agricultural science areas.
Flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates adaptable to strains enable effective sampling from irregular surfaces, but the preparation of highly stable and sensitive flexible SERS ...substrates is still challenging. This paper reports a method to fabricate a high-performance strain-adaptable SERS substrate by self-assembly of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanowrinkles. Nanowrinkles are created on prestrained PDMS slabs by plasma-induced oxidation followed by the release of the prestrain, and self-assembled AuNPs are transferred onto the nanowrinkles to construct the high-performance SERS substrate. The results show that the nanowrinkled structure can improve the surface roughness and enhance the SERS signals by ∼4 times compared to that of the SERS substrate prepared on flat PDMS substrates. The proposed SERS substrate also shows good adaptability to dynamic bending up to ∼|0.4| 1/cm with excellent testing reproducibility. Phenolic pollutants, including aniline and catechol, were quantitatively tested by the SERS substrate. The self-assembled flexible SERS substrate proposed here provides a powerful tool for chemical analysis in the fields of environmental monitoring and food safety inspection.
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is developing a risk assessment model for food establishments. Previous research on the significance of food safety risk factors determined by literature ...review and expert advice served as the bases for the current study, to further refine, discriminate and select the most important criteria to be included in the model. This process considered the availability of data sources, the clarity and measurability of the selected factors, undertook the elimination of lower-rated risk factors and grouped those with similar focus of attention, enabling the selection of a final list of risk factors for the model. A method of assessment for the remaining factors was then proposed to allow the quantification of individual risk factors within the model. From the 155 risk factors initially identified, 17 consolidated factors were kept and will be considered for the development of the risk assessment model.
•Risk factors influencing food plant inspection performance were assessed and consolidated.•Seventeen factors were retained and will be part of the risk assessment model.•Defined criteria will ensure objective risk assessment during federal inspections.
Food safety is a critical public concern, and has drawn great attention in society. Consequently, developments of rapid, robust, and accurate methods and techniques for food safety evaluation and ...control are required. As a nondestructive and convenient tool, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely shown to be a promising technique for food safety inspection and control due to its huge advantages of speed, noninvasive measurement, ease of use, and minimal sample preparation requirement. This review presents the fundamentals of NIRS and focuses on recent advances in its applications, during the last 10 years of food safety control, in meat, fish and fishery products, edible oils, milk and dairy products, grains and grain products, fruits and vegetables, and others. Based upon these applications, it can be demonstrated that NIRS, combined with chemometric methods, is a powerful tool for food safety surveillance and for the elimination of the occurrence of food safety problems. Some disadvantages that need to be solved or investigated with regard to the further development of NIRS are also discussed.
This study quantitatively measured neonicotinoids in various foods that are common to human consumption. All fruit and vegetable samples (except nectarine and tomato) and 90% of honey samples were ...detected positive for at least one neonicotinoid; 72% of fruits, 45% of vegetables, and 50% of honey samples contained at least two different neonicotinoids in one sample, with imidacloprid having the highest detection rate among all samples. All pollen samples from New Zealand contained multiple neonicotinoids, and five of seven pollens from Massachusetts detected positive for imidacloprid. These results show the prevalence of low-level neonicotinoid residues in fruits, vegetables, and honey that are readily available in the market for human consumption and in the environment where honeybees forage. In light of new reports of toxicological effects in mammals, the results strengthen the importance of assessing dietary neonicotinoid intakes and the potential human health effects.
Food safety is a global issue in public hygiene. The accurate, sensitive, and on-site detection of various food contaminants performs significant implications. However, traditional methods suffer ...from the time-consuming and professional operation, restricting their on-site application. Hydrogels with the merits of highly porous structure, high biocompatibility, good shape-adaptability, and stimuli-responsiveness offer a promising biomaterial to design sensors for ensuring food safety. This review describes the emerging applications of hydrogel-based sensors in food safety inspection in recent years. In particular, this study elaborates on their fabrication strategies and unique sensing mechanisms depending on whether the hydrogel is stimuli-responsive or not. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels can be integrated with various functional ligands for sensitive and convenient detection via signal amplification and transduction; while non-stimuli-responsive hydrogels are mainly used as solid-state encapsulating carriers for signal probe, nanomaterial, or cell and as conductive media. In addition, their existing challenges, future perspectives, and application prospects are discussed. These practices greatly enrich the application scenarios and improve the detection performance of hydrogel-based sensors in food safety detection.
Thermal imaging is a non-destructive technique which has emerged as a powerful analytical tool in the agriculture and food industries. Thermal imaging analysis converts the radiation pattern of a ...sample based on the temperature differences in analysis and diagnosis of the object.
This review provides an insight on the thermal imaging principles, system components, as well as image processing and analysis. The combination of chemometrics with thermal imaging techniques has extensive use to determine the quality and safety of food products, as the analysis allows for the non-destructive and comparatively rapid testing of materials compared to conventional methods. In this review, potential applications of thermal imaging in food quality determination and safety inspection including postharvest quality, crop yield and estimation, pathogen detection, and monitoring temperature in food were discussed.
Attention to the thermal imaging device has greatly increased due to the promising alternative in the quality and safety inspection in food and agriculture. The challenges and future perspectives regarding thermal imaging techniques evaluated by chemometrics were also elucidated. This review demonstrated that thermal imaging technique is useful in monitoring quality and safety inspection of food, especially in agriculture and food processing industries.
•Applications of thermal imaging for quality assessment of food and agriculture.•Safety inspection in relation to agri-food industry.•Types of chemometrics combined with thermal imaging techniques.
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