Abstract Using a classical approach, we theoretically investigate the frustrated double ionization (FDI) of Ar atoms under elliptically polarized (EP) laser fields. The FDI yield is calculated as a ...function of laser intensity with different carrier-envelope phases (CEPs), and, similar to the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) dependence of nonsequential double ionization (NSDI), several knee-shaped structures appear. Moreover, both recollision and direct ionization trajectories are observed in FDI events for the “knee” structure regime. The footprints of which channel leads to FDI are encoded in the photoelectron momentum distributions. FDI events related to recollision excitation with subsequent ionization channels and recollision impact ionization channels can be controlled by CEP in EP laser fields.
In recent years, a new strand of the literature has argued that not the quantity, but the quality of exports is at the core of growth and development. One of the most important tools that could ...affect exports and their quality is the real effective exchange rate. However, connections between the quality of exports and the real effective exchange rate have not been fully explored. Based on a data from 57 countries for the years between 2005 and 2015, this paper investigates the relationship between export sophistication and real effective exchange rate. Using a novel database of export sophistication and utilizing a dynamic panel data methodology, this paper shows that an appreciation in the real effective exchange rate improves the sophistication of exports. In addition, the results also show that the initial income of countries, foreign direct investment, human capital, and domestic savings positively affect export sophistication. Keywords: Export sophistication, real effective exchange rate, dynamic panel data JEL Classification Codes: F10, F14, O24 Reel Efektif Döviz Kuru ve Sofistike Ãrün Ihracati: Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi Son yillarda literatürde yeni bir akim, büyüme ve kalkinmanin temelinde ihracatin miktarindan ziyade kalitesinin oldugunu vurgulamaktadir. Ihracati ve kalitesini etkileyebilecek en önemli araçlardan biri reel efektif döviz kurudur. Ancak ihracatin kalitesi ile reel döviz kuru arasindaki baglantilar yeterince analiz edilmemistir. Bu makale, 2005 ile 2015 yillari arasinda 57 ülke için, sofistike ürün ihracati ile reel efektif döviz kuru arasindaki iliskiyi arastirmaktadir. Sofistike ürün ihracatina iliskin yeni bir veri tabani ve dinamik panel veri metodolojisi kullanan bu çalisma, reel döviz kurundaki degerlenmenin ihracatin niteligini arttirdigini göstermektedir. Ayrica sonuçlar, baslangiç gelirlerinin, dogrudan yabanci yatirimlarin, beseri sermayenin ve tasarruflarin sofistike ürün ihracatini olumlu etkiledigini göstermektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Sofistike ürün ihracati, reel efektif döviz kuru, dinamik panel veri Jel Siniflandirma Kodlari: F10, F14, O24
•OFDI technology spillovers are vital for the upgrading of industrial structure.•Financial development affects OFDI technology spillovers to the home country.•Overall, OFDI can promote the upgrading ...of industrial structure in China.•China's OFDI spillovers on the industrial structure have double threshold effects.
Technology spillovers from outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) have the significant impcat on the industrial structure in emerging economies and to what extent they depend on the absorptive capacity of the home country. This study specifically investigates the issue of how financial development as a key factor reflecting absorptive capacity affects OFDI spillovers, especially the technology spillovers and uses the method of threshold regression to verify the analysis, based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China (2008–2016). The results suggest that, first, the effects of China's OFDI on the industrial structure are positive in general but show regional heterogeneity in terms of absorptive capacity. Second, such effects have the characteristics of double threshold based on financial development. Moreover, the benefits from OFDI in most provices in China are still limited and financial deepening is of great significance to OFDI and its spillover effects.
This study quantifies the effect of servicification on productivity using firm-level data from Indonesian manufacturing industries. The empirical strategy employed involves two procedures. The first ...stage is based on the estimation of productivity from the Cobb-Douglas production function using a semi-parametric method. The second stage involves regressing the derived productivity with servicification, which is proxied by the share of industrial service cost to total input and the share of service revenues to total output. The results show that servification is positively related to productivity. The study also finds evidence of the importance of firm heterogeneity, i.e., foreign ownership and participation in global value chains (GVCs) in boosting productivity.
This research contributes to institutional theory by examining the influence of informal institutions on formal institutions and the effects of formal institutions on inward foreign direct ...investment. In particular, the authors integrate prior research from multiple disciplines to identify and to examine the roles of a country’s formal regulatory, political, and economic institutions. The results suggest that the country’s informal institutions, in the form of the cultural dimensions of collectivism and future orientation, shape the country’s formal institutions. In turn, each of the three formal institutions affects the country’s level of inward foreign direct investment differently. To facilitate future research, the authors also provide a set of measures for formal institutions in 50 countries.
•We conduct the first meta-analysis of the effect of remittances on economic growth.•Our results indicate publication bias in favor of positive effects.•The mean effect of remittances on growth is ...still positive but economically small.•Remittances are growth-enhancing in Asia but not in Africa.•Controlling for aid is important to estimate the growth effects of remittances.
Expatriate workers’ remittances represent an important source of financing for low- and middle-income countries. No consensus, however, has yet emerged regarding the effect of remittances on economic growth. In a quantitative survey of 538 estimates reported in 95 studies, we find that approximately 40% of the studies report a positive effect, 40% report no effect, and 20% report a negative effect. Our results indicate publication bias in favor of positive effects. Correcting for the bias using recently developed techniques, we find that the mean effect of remittances on growth is still positive but economically small. Nevertheless, our results uncover noticeable regional differences: remittances are growth-enhancing in Asia but not in Africa. Studies that do not control for alternative sources of external finance, such as foreign aid and foreign direct investment, mismeasure the effect of remittances. Finally, time-series studies and studies ignoring endogeneity issues report systematically larger effects of remittances on growth.
PDF
