This study re-evaluates the religious beliefs of Francis Bacon and the role which his theology played in the development of his program for the reform of learning and the natural sciences, the Great ...Instauration. Bacon's Instauration writings are saturated with theological statements and Biblical references which inform and explain his program, yet this aspect of his writings has received little attention. Previous considerations of Bacon's religion have been drawn from a fairly short list of his published writings. Consequently, Bacon has been portrayed as everything from an atheist to a Puritan; scholarly consensus is lacking. This book argues that by considering the historical context of Bacon's society, and his conversion from Puritanism to anti-Calvinism as a young man, his own theology can be brought into clearer focus, and his philosophy more properly understood. After leaving his mother's household, Bacon underwent a transformation of belief which led him away from his mother's Calvinism and toward the writings of the ancient Church Fathers, particularly Irenaeus of Lyon. Bacon's theology increasingly came to reflect the theological interests of his friend and editor Lancelot Andrewes. The patristic turn of Bacon's belief in the last two decades of the reign of Elizabeth significantly affected the development of his philosophical program which was produced in the first two decades of the Stuart era. This study then examines the theology present in the Instauration writings themselves and concludes with a consideration of the effect which Bacon's theology had on the subsequent direction of empirical science and natural theology in the English context. In so doing it not only offers a new perspective on Bacon, but will serve as a contribution toward a better understanding of the religious context of, and motivations behind, empirical science in early modern England.
Francis Galton Bulmer, Michael
2003, 2004-12-01
eBook, Book
If not for the work of his half cousin Francis Galton, Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory might have met a somewhat different fate. In particular, with no direct evidence of natural selection and ...no convincing theory of heredity to explain it, Darwin needed a mathematical explanation of variability and heredity. Galton's work in biometry—the application of statistical methods to the biological sciences—laid the foundations for precisely that. This book offers readers a compelling portrait of Galton as the father of biometry, tracing the development of his ideas and his accomplishments, and placing them in their scientific context.
Though Michael Bulmer introduces readers to the curious facts of Galton's life—as an explorer, as a polymath and member of the Victorian intellectual aristocracy, and as a proponent of eugenics—his chief concern is with Galton's pioneering studies of heredity, in the course of which he invented the statistical tools of regression and correlation. Bulmer describes Galton's early ambitions and experiments—his investigations of problems of evolutionary importance (such as the evolution of gregariousness and the function of sex), and his movement from the development of a physiological theory to a purely statistical theory of heredity, based on the properties of the normal distribution. This work, culminating in the law of ancestral heredity, also put Galton at the heart of the bitter conflict between the ancestrians and the Mendelians after the rediscovery of Mendelism in 1900. A graceful writer and an expert biometrician, Bulmer details the eventual triumph of biometrical methods in the history of quantitative genetics based on Mendelian principles, which underpins our understanding of evolution today.
In Tutti Fratelli , Pope Francis has called again for a
"culture of encounter," But how should his theology, pastoral
practice, and social message be understood and applied in the
Church of the ...Americas, a single but complex reality that extends
from South to North? This volume offers analyses from experts
looking back to the Argentine pontiff's first fateful encuentros in
the Americas as a help for understanding the present reality of the
Church in the Western Hemisphere. The group includes theologians,
historians, and political scientists, and the unique contribution
of the volume lies in the panoramic perspective offered by the book
as a whole. The initial essays set the stage for the volume as a
whole, offering rich insight into Argentine and Latin American
history, the world from which the Pope came and to which he
returned in 2015, as well as surveying the impact of the Latin
American "theology of the people" on the Pope's visit to the U.S.
Additional essays address theological, historical, and pastoral
engagements that cut across several of the visits. The final group
of essays is dedicated to the visits themselves and is arranged in
the order that they occurred. Pope Francis and the Search for
God in América is offered to all the members of the Church in
América, South and North, old and young, with the hope that it will
spur even more thought, reflection, prayer, and service.
British rule of India brought together two very different traditions of scholarship about language, whose conjuncture led to several intellectual breakthroughs of lasting value. Two of these were ...especially important: the conceptualization of the Indo-European language family by Sir William Jones at Calcutta in 1786-proposing that Sanskrit is related to Persian and languages of Europe-and the conceptualization of the Dravidian language family of South India by F.W. Ellis at Madras in 1816-the "Dravidian proof," showing that the languages of South India are related to one another but are not derived from Sanskrit. These concepts are valid still today, centuries later. This book continues the examination Thomas R. Trautmann began inAryans and British India(1997). While the previous book focused on Calcutta and Jones, the current volume examines these developments from the vantage of Madras, focusing on Ellis, Collector of Madras, and the Indian scholars with whom he worked at the College of Fort St. George, making use of the rich colonial record. Trautmann concludes by showing how elements of the Indian analysis of language have been folded into historical linguistics and continue in the present as unseen but nevertheless living elements of the modern.
Electricity generation from solar and wind has raised a significant concern about the stability of grid networks. Hydroelectricity plays an important role to balance the stability of grid network. In ...order to improve the stability of presently high loaded grids, hydropower plants are being operated over a wide range of operations and experiencing frequent start-stop, load variation, and emergency shutdown. The power generating unit including turbine needs to sustain sudden change in its operating condition to balance the grid frequency. The objective of this paper is to present the operating problems of Francis turbine in the present energy generation scenario. The turbine suffers from several dynamic instabilities during off-design and transient operations. Several low and high-frequency pressure fluctuations are observed during both, steady state and transient operating conditions. The off-design operations such as part load and high load cause pressure fluctuations due to RSI, RVR and cavitation. The transient operations lead to heavy cyclic loading of its moving and stationary parts. Francis turbine also experiences asymmetric loading on the runner, cyclic stress, wear and tear; all of which reduce operating life of the components. Sometimes these rapid transient may cause failure of the unit and decouple it from the system.
•Review of literature available on steady-state off design and transient operation of turbines.•The impact of off-design and transient operations on the turbine components.•Pressure fluctuations and flow unsteadiness in turbine during off-design and transients.•Rotor-stator interaction and vortex rope in the turbine.•Low and high cycle fatigue loading on turbine components.•Effect of load variation, schemes of startup and shutdown on dynamic loading of turbine.•Formation of mechanism of RVR during load rejection.•Pressure loading during emergency shutdown and runaway operating conditions.
