Objetivo: validar la versión reducida (4 preguntas) de la escala de depresión geriátrica en pacientes adultos mayores. Materiales y métodos: estudio realizado entre setiembre 2002 y junio 2003, en ...400 pacientes mayores de 60 años que no recibían tratamiento antidepresivo ni tenían evidencia de deterioro cognitivo y que acudieron al consultorio externo del Servicio de Geriatría del hospital nacional Cayetano Heredia. A ellos se les aplicó el DSM-IV (gold standard), la escala de depresión geriátrica de 15 items (GDS- 15) y la escala de depresión geriátrica de 4 items (GDS-4). Resultados: la edad media fue 70,85 años (60-98 años), 66,25% fueron mujeres. El 17,3% tuvo depresión según DSM -IV, 11,8% según GDS-15 y 34,3% según GDS-4. La sensibilidad del GDS-15 fue 49%, especificidad 96%, valor predictivo negativo de 90% y valor predictivo positivo de 72%. La sensibilidad del GDS-4 fue de 93%, especificidad de 78%, valor predictivo negativo 98% y valor predictivo positivo de 47%. El valor Kappa para el GDS-15 en relación al DSMIV fue 0,52 y para el GDS-4 fue 0,50. Conclusion: el GDS- 4 tuvo alta sensibilidad y valor predictivo negativo, por lo que sería una herramienta útil en el screening de depresión en el adulto mayor y significaría una marcada optimización en el tiempo de atención al paciente.
We report on the identification of the highest redshift submillimetre-selected source currently known LESS J033229.4−275619. This source was detected in the Large Apex Bolometer Camera (LABOCA) ...Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (ECDF-S) Submillimetre Survey (LESS), a sensitive 870-μm survey (σ870 μm∼ 1.2 mJy) of the full 30 × 30 arcmin2 ECDF-S with the LABOCA on the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope. The submillimetre emission is identified with a radio counterpart for which optical spectroscopy provides a redshift of z= 4.76. We show that the bolometric emission is dominated by a starburst with a star formation rate of ∼1000 M⊙ yr−1, although we also identify a moderate luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) in this galaxy. Thus it has characteristics similar to those of z∼ 2 submillimetre galaxies (SMGs), with a mix of starburst and obscured AGN signatures. This demonstrates that ultraluminous starburst activity is not just restricted to the hosts of the most luminous (and hence rare) quasi-stellar objects at z∼ 5, but was also occurring in less extreme galaxies at a time when the Universe was less than 10 per cent of its current age. Assuming that we are seeing the major phase of star formation in this galaxy, then we demonstrate that it would be identified as a luminous distant red galaxy at z∼ 3 and that the current estimate of the space density of z > 4 SMGs is only sufficient to produce ≳10 per cent of the luminous red galaxy population at these early times. However, this leaves open the possibility that some of these galaxies formed through less intense, but more extended star formation events. If the progenitors of all of the luminous red galaxies at z∼ 3 go through an ultraluminous starburst at z≳ 4 then the required volume density of z > 4 SMGs will exceed that predicted by current galaxy formation models by more than an order of magnitude.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic validity of the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-K) and its short form among elderly psychiatric patients.
After three ...preliminary trials, the authors translated the GDS, including the Geriatric Depression Scale—Short Form (SGDS) into Korean. The GDS-K, the Korean version of the SGDS (SGDS-K), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS-D), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were administered to 154 elderly psychiatric patients. In addition, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS-III-R) was administered independently to diagnose DSM-III-R major depression. Reliability and validity test, optimal cutoff point estimation, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis were performed to investigate the diagnostic validity of the GDS-K and SGDS-K.
Internal consistency–reliability and concurrent validity of the GDS-K and SGDS-K associated with other depression scales (HRS-D, CES-D) were excellent. Content validity and discriminant validity, which differentiate DSM-III-R major depression from nonmajor depression was also good. We suggest a score of 16 as the optimal cutoff point of GDS-K for screening DSM-III-R major depression among clinical populations and a score of 8 as optimal cutoff score of SGDS-K. ROC curve analysis indicated high diagnostic validity for both GDS-K and SGDS-K in assessing DSM-III-R major depression. Moreover, we found that the GDS-K and SGDS-K were highly correlated (
r=.9522). This finding suggests that the SGDS-K can be used as an adequate substitute for the GDS-K.
The GDS-K and SGDS-K proved valid and reliable case-finding tools for screening DSM-III-R major depression among the elderly psychiatric patients in Korea. The relatively high cutoff points of both the GDS-K and SGDS-K require further evaluation from the viewpoint of culturally determined response style in elderly Koreans.
The Geriatric Depression Scale is an instrument used to identify depression in people of an older age. The original English version of this scale has been translated into Spanish (GDS-
); two shorter ...versions of 5- (GDS-5) and 15-items (GDS-15) have been developed.
To assess the validity and compare the 5- and 15-item Spanish versions of the GDS among the Spanish population.
573 Galicia residents aged >50 years participated in this study. The following instruments were applied: the 19-item Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization and Pleasure scale, the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination test, the GDS-5, and the GDS-15.
We found differences in total score between GDS-5 and GDS-15 regarding the variable sex. Internal reliability for GDS-5 and GDS-15 was 0.495 and 0.715, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for GDS-5 - with a cut-off value of 1 - was 0.517 and 0.650, respectively; for GDS-15 - with a cut-off value of 3 points - sensitivity was 0.755 and specificity 0.668. GDS-5 has a ROC curve of 0.617 and GDS-15 of 0.764.
GDS-15, and to a greater extent GDS-5, should be revised or even reformulated to improve their diagnostic usefulness by choosing higher discriminative ability items or even include new items with greater sensitivity that consider currently prevailing psychosocial factors.
In the current pandemic context, tourists increasingly need to receive assurances from the tourism and hospitality industry that their safety and health will not be endangered during their trip or ...their stay. Tourists increasingly prefer to plan their own trips and information technology is playing a very important role in the hotel and tourism industry. This study uses strategic management methods and comparative analysis to formulate strategies, measures, and solutions to maintain the safety and the health of tourists at the level of the tourism and hospitality industry. The aim of the paper is to provide solutions for the tourism industry in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, through a strategic managerial approach and by involving information technology and global distribution systems (GDSs) as a decision supporting tool. The results of the study are useful for small and medium enterprises to act efficiently in this pandemic context, but are also useful for GDS providers to reflect on possible improvements in system functionality to implement solutions and to support the decisions of tourists.
Geomagnetic data are widely used in earthquake prediction, mantle conductivity imaging, and other fields. However, the problem of geomagnetic data being contaminated by cultural noise is becoming ...increasingly serious. Existing denoising methods have shortcomings such as insufficient flexibility and the need for manual intervention. To this end, we modify the U-net and propose a new intelligent geomagnetic signal denoising method based on the network. The novel network not only combines the advantages of denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN) and U-net, but also utilizes the shortcut connections to prevent network degradation. We obtain a high-precision denoising model through elaborate training sets. The processing results of synthetic data show that the improved U-Net can remove various types of noise in one step, such as impulse noise, square wave noise, and Gaussian noise. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the denoised signal increases by an average of more than 20 dB, and the average normalized-cross correlation (NCC) between the denoised signal and the high-quality signal reaches 0.9998. Compared with Wavelet threshold denoising, DnCNN, and U-Net, the improved U-Net has obvious advantages. We apply the method to real geomagnetic data collected in Guangxi, Yunnan, Gansu, and Tibet, China. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve the tippers, coherencies, and induction arrows. Compared with traditional methods, our method eliminates subjective bias, improves the adaptability to different types of noise, and is conducive to improving the resolution and reliability of geomagnetic depth sounding.
To find the prevalence of depression among elderly population of urban slum of Cuttack and to study its association with sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and various life events and also to ...explore the mental health needs of the study subjects as perceived by them.
It was a cross-sectional study carried out in the urban slum, Jobra of Cuttack city in Odisha. Simple random sampling was done using random number table to select the study subjects. Predesigned pretested questionnaire including Geriatric Depression Scale, Lawton's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily living and questions on important life events including their perceptions regarding existing mental health services were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and binary logistic analysis was done to find the independent determinants of severe depression among elderly.
Out of 354 study subjects, 249 (70.3%) were males. Depression in severe and mild form was present among 44.9% and 36.2%, respectively. Independent risk factors of severe depression by multiple logistic regression analysis were low socioeconomic class, female gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, death in family members, conflicts in family, and chronic illness in family members.
The prevalence of depression among the elderly in the urban slum was close to 80% with 45% being at risk of severe depression. Females from low socioeconomic class with comorbidities and having life stressors need to be screened regularly in the community level, and facility for counseling should be provided to them.
•Peripheral serotonin regulates metabolic homeostasis independently of brain-derived serotonin.•Serotonin promotes β cell mass and function in an autocrine manner.•Gut-derived serotonin (GDS) ...promotes response of liver and adipose tissue to fasting.•Inhibition of GDS synthesis protects against type 2 diabetes.
Metabolic homeostasis in the organism is assured both by the nervous system and by hormones. Among a plethora of hormones regulating metabolism, serotonin presents a number of unique features. Unlike classical hormones serotonin is produced in different anatomical locations. In brain it acts as a neurotransmitter and in the periphery it can act as a hormone, auto- and/or paracrine factor, or intracellular signaling molecule. Serotonin does not cross the blood–brain barrier; therefore the two major pools of this bioamine remain separated. Although 95% of serotonin is produced in the periphery, its functions have been ignored until recently. Here we review the impact of the peripheral serotonin on the regulation of function of the organs involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis.
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