The article studies modern concepts and theories of digital transformation of society, analyzes structural changes in the economy during the fourth industrial revolution, presents different views of ...experts on the expected positive results of Industry 4.0 in the context of globalization. The authors suggest models and correlate increment rate dynamics with the information globalization index in the world and individual countries, and identify trends in the development of digital transformation in the context of slowbalization. The study considers possible consequences and risks of Industry 4.0 and ways to level them, outlines the priority areas of digital transformation to ensure high competitiveness of national economies in the period of slowbalization.
Globalization has been a significant force in the development of the market and economic environments. The micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) need to focus on technological capabilities to ...face the competition in the globalized market. They have to analyze the market opportunities in the rapidly growing economy as well as emerging markets. The aids of a globalized and digital economy depends to an excessive extent on favourable business environments and healthy competition. The performance of MSMEs depends on accessibility to various strategic resources like abilities, technical know-how, innovativeness, and finance. Thus, it is imperative to consider the factors influencing work conditions firm level, and the strategies formulated at the national level are organized to local business perspectives. This paper examines the global scenario of MSMEs, the impact of globalization, the role of MSMEs in India, the growth perspectives of MSMEs during the pre-and post-globalization period, the critical challenges, and the role of the government in encouraging and developing MSMEs.
ZusammenfassungHintergrundTechnologische Innovationen, Globalisierung, institutionelle und demographische Entwicklungen beeinflussen die Arbeitswelt. Im Zentrum dieser Veränderung stehen die ...Arbeitnehmer, für die sich auch gesundheitliche Konsequenzen ergeben. Die Förderung der Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz ist die Aufgabe des Betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagements (BGM), bei dem zunehmend digitale Instrumente und Tools zum Einsatz kommen.Ziel der ArbeitDie Erwartungen, die an das digital gestützte BGM (dBGM) gestellt werden, sind weitreichend. Doch bisher zeigt sich eine unzureichende wissenschaftliche Fundierung sowie eine zurückhaltende Verwendung in Unternehmen. Um mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen abschätzen zu können, wird untersucht, wie nach Expertenansicht das dBGM der Zukunft aussehen kann.Material und MethodeEingesetzt wird ein dreistufiges Delphi-Verfahren mit dem Ziel, Konsens und Dissens unter Experten über die Entwicklung des dBGM zu identifizieren. Dafür wurden Experten aus Wissenschaft und Praxis in zwei Wellen standardisiert zu ihren Erwartungen und Einschätzungen befragt. Anschließend wurde ein Gruppendelphi-Workshop durchgeführt, bei dem bis dahin strittige und unklare Punkte diskutiert wurden.Ergebnisse und DiskussionDie Experten glauben, dass zukünftig vermehrt digitale Instrumente zur Unterstützung des BGMs eingesetzt werden, die persönliche Interaktion aber ein zentraler Bestandteil bleibt. Gesundheitsförderliche Potenziale für die Arbeitnehmer sehen sie durch die individuelle Bedürfnisanpassung und die Motivationssteigerung zur Teilnahme an enstprechenden Angeboten. Positive Effekte für die Arbeitgeber sehen die Experten bei der Attraktivitätssteigerung und einer Verbesserung des Betriebsklimas. Kritisch diskutieren sie Aspekte des Datenschutzes und das unüberschaubare Angebot an Tools, deren Wirkung oftmals nicht gesichert ist.
The advance of economic globalization has led many academics, policy-makers, and activists to warn that it leads to a 'race to the bottom'. In a world increasingly free of restrictions on trade and ...capital flows, developing nations that cut public services are risking detrimental effects to the populace. Conventional wisdom suggests that it is the poorer members of these societies who stand to lose the most from these pressures on welfare protections, but this new study argues for a more complex conceptualization of the subject. Nita Rudra demonstrates how and why domestic institutions in developing nations have historically ignored the social needs of the poor; globalization neither takes away nor advances what never existed in the first place. It has been the lower- and upper-middle classes who have benefited the most from welfare systems and, consequently, it is they who are most vulnerable to globalization's race to the bottom.
"Globalization" has become a popular buzzword for explaining today's world. The expression achieved terminological stardom in the 1990s and was soon embraced by the general public and integrated into ...numerous languages. But is this much-discussed phenomenon really an invention of modern times? In this work, Jürgen Osterhammel and Niels Petersson make the case that globalization is not so new, after all. Arguing that the world did not turn "global" overnight, the book traces the emergence of globalization over the past seven or eight centuries. In fact, the authors write, the phenomenon can be traced back to early modern large-scale trading, for example, the silk trade between China and the Mediterranean region, the shipping routes between the Arabian Peninsula and India, and the more frequently traveled caravan routes of the Near East and North Africa--all conduits for people, goods, coins, artwork, and ideas. Osterhammel and Petersson argue that the period from 1750 to 1880-- an era characterized by the development of free trade and the long-distance impact of the industrial revolution--represented an important phase in the globalization phenomenon. Moreover, they demonstrate how globalization in the mid-twentieth century opened up the prospect of global destruction though nuclear war and ecological catastrophe. In the end, the authors write, today's globalization is part of a long-running transformation and has not ushered in a "global age" radically different from anything that came before. This book will appeal to historians, economists, and anyone in the social sciences who is interested in the historical emergence of globalization.
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