•Araucaria araucana kernels were studied for phenolic composition and bioactivity.•Phytochemical content and composition was investigated before and after boiling.•Best antioxidant capacity was found ...for the kernels from the western Andean slopes.•α-glucosidase and lipoperoxidation inhibition correlates with flavan 3-ol content.•PCA showed clusters for the Andean slopes and for the Coastal range kernels.
The Araucaria araucana kernels are a traditional food in southern Chile and Argentina. The aim of this work was to determine the composition of the phenolic-enriched extracts (PEEs) of the boiled kernels as well as their antioxidant capacity, inhibitory activity on metabolic syndrome-associated enzymes and effect on postprandial oxidative stress in a simulated gastric digestion model. The PEEs composition was assessed by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. The main PEEs constituents were catechin and epicatechin in the unbound form, while hydroxybenzoic acids occurred mainly in the bound form. The unbound phenolics from boiled kernels showed significant correlations with DPPH, FRAP, TEAC (Pearson’s r of 0.481, 0.331 and 0.417, respectively) and lipid peroxidation (r = 0.381) and were more active than the bound phenolics. The extracts were highly active against α-glucosidase (IC50: 0.33–3.15 µg/mL) and reduced lipoperoxidation. Traditional processing increases the flavan-3-ol content. Our results suggest that this traditional food has potential health promoting properties.
Profiling of antioxidant components in Lonicerae macranthoides.
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•Extract solvent affected TPC, TFC and the antioxidant activities.•Thirty-one antioxidants were screened and identified ...from L. macranthoides.•Twenty-one compounds were discovered from L. macranthoide for the first time.•L. macranthoide was a potential antioxidants resource.
Lonicerae macranthoides with strong antioxidant activity is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine and folk tea/beverage. However, detailed information about its antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds is limited. Then at first, we comparatively evaluated total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activities of water extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of L. macranthoides. Ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest level of TPC (207.38mg GAE/g DW), TFC (53.06mg RE/g DW) and the best DPPH scavenge activity and reducing power. n-Butanol fraction showed the best ABTS+ and O2− scavenging activities. Interestingly, water extract, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed stronger antioxidant activities than positive control, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). After that, thirty-one antioxidant phenolic compounds, including twenty-two phenolic acids and nine flavonoids, were screened by DPPH–HPLC experiment and then identified using HPLC–DAD–QTOF-MS/MS. It is noted that twenty-one compounds (1, 3–4, 6–17, 19, 23, 26, 28–29, and 31), as far as was known, were discovered from L. macranthoide for the first time, and eleven of them (3–4, 10–17, and 23) were reported in Lonicera species for the first time. Results indicated that L. macranthoides could serve as promising source of rich antioxidants in foods, beverages and medicines for health promotion.
Agri-food residues represent a rich source of nutrients and bioactive secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds. The effective utilization of these by-products in food supplements and the ...nutraceuticals industry could provide a way of valorization in the transition to becoming more sustainable. In this context, the present study describes the phenolic profiling of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cake using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Compounds were characterized based on their retention time, UV spectra, accurate mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS data along with comparison with standards, whenever possible, and the relevant literature. The characterized compounds (112 metabolites) belong to several classes, namely, phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids), flavonoids, and lignans. Moreover, organic acids and some nitrogenous compounds were characterized. The total phenol content and the antioxidant activity of the cake extract were determined. This study provides useful information for the valorization of by-products from the sesame oil industry.
•Red onion scale (ROS) is produced as a food waste product.•ROS improved FBG, AGEs levels and increased serum insulin level significantly.•ROS down-regulated the inflammatory mRNA expression gene ...associated with hyperglycemia.•ROS ameliorated the histopathological alterations in kidney tissue.•The metabolic profiling of ROS was performed via RP-HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS and -MS/MS.
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of red onion scales extract (ROS) against diabetic nephropathy, in relation to its metabolic profiling.
Four groups of male Wistar rats were assigned as follows; 1st untreated group, 2nd group (animals with diabetes) treated with streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg) IP, 3rd group co-treated with ROS (150 mg/kg + STZ, 50 mg/kg) and 4th group co-treated with ROS by a dose (300 mg/kg + STZ, 50 mg/kg) daily. After four weeks, random and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, serum insulin, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), urea, uric acid and inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression were evaluated. Moreover, histopathological examination of the renal tissues was performed. In addition, the metabolic profiling of ROS was performed via RP-HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS and -MS/MS.
The metabolic profiling of ROS revealed that protocatechuic acid and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were the predominant compounds among 32 metabolites identified in the extract. ROS treated groups showed improvement of FBG and AGEs levels, whereas serum insulin level showed significant elevation. In addition, down-regulation of inflammatory mRNA expression associated with the hyperglycemic condition and amelioration in histopathological alterations in kidney tissues were observed.
This study displayed the presence of 32 phenolic compounds in the ethanolic extract of ROS, a common by-product of the industrial production of onion in Egypt. This study proved the therapeutic potential of ROS as antidiabetic agent and its preventive effect against diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, this study represents a perspective of the utilization of food waste products.
Food industry generates a big amount of residues. Nowadays, there is interest in adding value to these residues with the aim of increasing the sustainability of the food chain and to reduce the ...environmental impact of this waste whose revalorization could also originate an economical benefit. Passion fruits are cultivated for juice and pulp production generating high amounts of vegetable residues. The scarce information about passion fruit peels confers a high interest to the study of their phenolic profiles. In this work, an efficient extraction method based on pressurized hot water extraction was employed to obtain antioxidants from four Passiflora species peels (P. ligularis, P. edulis, P. edulis flavicarpa and P. mollissima). Antioxidant properties of the extracts were tested by in vitro assays and intracellular reactive oxygen species scavenging. P. mollissima and P. edulis peel extracts presented higher antioxidant capacity and phenolic content than P. ligularis and P. edulis flavicarpa. Tentative structural elucidation of 57 phenolics was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. Flavones, chalcones and phenolic acids were the polyphenol classes that may contribute to antioxidant capacity of the Passiflora peel.
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•PHWE from Passiflora peels showed that this by-product may be a source of antioxidants.•P. mollisima peel extract presented the highest antioxidant capacity and phenols content.•First full characterization of phenolic composition of four Passiflora species peels.•57 phenolics from four Passiflora peel extracts were identified by HPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS.•Phenolic acids, flavanols, flavones were the main contributors to antioxidant capacity.
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•Off-line coupling heart-cutting HSCCC with HPLC was developed.•Developed system with high orthogonality resolved similar structures.•Fifteen antioxidative flavonoids were identified ...by DAD and MS/MS.•Four minor flavonoids were reported in vine tea for the first time.
Vine tea with strong antioxidant activity is commonly consumed as healthy tea/beverage. However, detailed information about its antioxidants is incomplete. Here, off-line hyphenation of heart-cutting high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) with high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–QTOF-MS/MS) were described for systematic profiling antioxidants in vine tea. At first, antioxidants were rapidly screened by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical–high performance liquid chromatography (DPPH–HPLC). Subsequently, stepwise HSCCC using petroleum ether–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (4:9:4:9, v/v/v/v) and (4:9:5:8, v/v/v/v) as solvent systems was optimized to fractionate and enrich antioxidants from ethyl acetate fraction of vine tea. Finally, heart-cutting mode was used to collect five interesting HSCCC fractions for HPLC–DAD–QTOF-MS/MS analysis. Desirable orthogonality between HSCCC and HPLC led to identification of fifteen antioxidant flavonoids, while four minor flavonoids were first reported in vine tea. Results showed that the developed system is efficient to comprehensively explore antioxidants from complex natural herbs.
•Seventy-two phenolic compounds were identified in guava leaves.•Twelve phenolic compounds were determined for the first time in guava leaves.•The highest amount of phenolic compounds was extracted ...by EtOH/H2O 80:20 (v/v).•Pyrifera var. showed higher concentration of phenolic compounds than pomifera var.
Markets of different countries have proposed guava tea infusions as a drink that can modulate the glycaemic index in blood. This property has been attributed to the phenolic compounds contained in guava leaves. However, phenolic profile of guava leaves is still not well-known. Based on this information, different ethanol/water mixtures were used to extract the phenolic compounds in guava leaves. Phenolic identification was carried out by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS in guava leaves from pomifera and pyrifera varieties; moreover, the antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extracts were determined by TEAC and FRAP methods. To sum up, seventy-two phenolic compounds were identified. To our knowledge, twelve of them were determined for the first time in guava leaves. The highest amount of phenolic compounds was found in EtOH/H2O 80:20 (v/v) mixture. Furthermore, pyrifera var. showed higher concentration of phenolic compounds than pomifera var. (113.34 vs. 86.12 mg/g leaf d.w.) and also greater antioxidant capacity.
Danmu preparations (Danmu Capsule and Danmu Syrup), which are made from
stem extracts, have good clinical efficacy in acute tonsillitis, acute pharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection. ...However, there is currently no reliable and systematic method to control the quality of these two Danmu preparations.
Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD), the fingerprints of the Danmu preparations were established at 250 nm to comprehensively investigate the stability of preparation process. The chemical constituents in the Danmu preparations were separated and identified by HPLC coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight high-definition mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). And seven major components were simultaneously determined at dual wavelengths (250 nm, 326 nm).
The results of HPLC fingerprint similarity evaluation showed that the similarity values of 25 batches of Danmu preparations were more than 0.993. Twenty-three compounds, including 10 alkaloids, 6 phenolic acids, 2 iridoids, and 5 unknown compounds, were identified or tentatively characterized according to the retention times and MS/MS fragment patterns of compounds. The developed assay method of seven components was validated with acceptable linearity, precision, repeatability, stability and recovery. The contents of strictosamide belonging to alkaloids as the most abundant constituent in Danmu Capsule and Danmu Syrup were 43,681.20-99,652.49 μg/g and 1567.83-2427.25 μg/mL respectively. The contents of protocatechuic acid which were the highest in measured phenolic acids were 2633.01-7739.78 μg/g in Danmu Capsule and 192.05-448.71 μg/mL in Danmu Syrup, respectively. As an iridoid, the contents of sweroside in Danmu Capsule and Danmu Syrup were 1573.82-2789.81 μg/g and 70.32-182.81 μg/mL, respectively.
The established qualitative analysis method of fingerprint can be used to attain standardization, uniformity and stability of the preparation process. Meanwhile, the quantitative analysis in this study can be used as an accurate assay method for preparations.
Peppers are among the spices possessing a wide plethora of biological properties due to their excellent supply of health-related metabolites. Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae) is cultivated throughout ...Tunisia, and there is a shortage of information on the identification of the secondary metabolites in the seeds of this species as well as on their biological activities. In the present work, we intended to undertake a chemical characterization of the bioactive compounds from the hydro-methanolic seed extract of C. annuum as well as an evaluation of its broad spectrum of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The chemical profile was evaluated by RP-HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS, whereas the total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities were determined in in vitro assays. In this work, 45 compounds belonging to various phytochemical classes, such as organic acids (2), phenolic compounds (4 phenolic acids and 5 flavonoids), capsaicinoids (3), capsianosides (5), fatty acids (13), amino acids (1), sphingolipids (10), and steroids (2) were identified in the hydro-methanolic seed extract of C. annuum. The phenolic and flavonoid content (193.7 mg GAE/g DW and 25.1 mg QE/g DW, respectively) of the C. annuum extract correlated with the high antiradical activity (IC50 = 45.0 µg/mL), reducing power (EC50 = 61.3 µg/mL) and chelating power (IC50 = 79.0 µg/mL) activities. The hydro-methanolic seed extract showed an important antimicrobial activity against seven bacterial and four fungal strains. In fact, the inhibition zones (IZs) for bacteria ranged from 9.00 ± 1.00 mm to 12.00 ± 0.00 mm; for fungi, the IZs ranged from 12.66 ± 0.57 mm to 13.66 ± 0.57 mm. The minimal inhibition concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration values showed that the extract was more effective against fungi than bacteria.
•Two major compounds, honokiol and magnolol, were knocked out by HSCCC to enrich minor ones.•HPLC–DAD–QTOF-MS/MS was developed for identification of minor lignans, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoid ...glycosides.•Detailed fragmentation patterns for each kind of components were investigated for rapid structural identification.•Thirty-one minor components were identified and eight of them were reported in M. officinalis for the first time.
An effective strategy based on high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) knockout combination with HPLC–DAD–QTOF-MS/MS analysis were developed to identify minor lignans, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoid glycosides in M. officinalis. Petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (8:4:7:5, v/v/v/v) as solvent system was firstly selected to separate the crude extract of M. officinalis. Two major lignans, honokiol and magnolol were knocked out, and minor components were enriched. Then, five standards (honokiol, magnolol, magnocurarine, magnoflorine and acteoside) were used as examples to discuss their fragmentation patterns for structural identification. By comprehensive screening, sixteen lignans, nine alkaloids, six phenylpropanoid glycosides were unambiguously or tentatively identified by comparing their retention time, UV spectra, accurate mass and fragmentation patterns with standards or reported components. Eight of them, as far as was known, were discovered from M. officinalis for the first time. The proposed method might provide a model for the effective identification of minor components from complex herbs. Additionally, this study laid a foundation for the study of quality control, and clinical applications of M. officinalis.
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