The paper presents a new method for the digital mapping of taxonomic soil units via fuzzy taxonomy and fuzzy clustering. In principle, this respects the continuous character of the soil but can ...result in traditional crisp soil maps. A part of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. (Czech Republic) was the testing area. Fuzzified taxonomic soil information from 106 soil pits with 75 geomorphometric parameters (potential environmental covariates of soil units) derived from a 10 m LIDAR Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used for the input data. Another 60 soil pits were used for the validation of the results. Generalized linear models (GLM) of the relationship between fuzzified taxonomic soil information (membership of soil pits to particular soil types) and all geomorphometric parameters were used for the selection of 8 geomorphometric parameters as environmental covariates of soil taxonomic units (Catchment Slope, Elevation, Local Upslope Curvature, Gradient Difference, Melton Ruggedness Number, Slope Height, Modified Catchment Area, Multiresolution Index of Ridge Top Flatness). The fuzzy c-means clustering of selected covariates led to the delimitation of soil-landscape units. The taxonomic meanings of the soil-landscape units (membership of the particular soil type to the particular type of soil-landscape unit) were determined on the basis of membership of soil pits to the soil types, and membership of the pixels with soil pits to the given type of soil-landscape unit. Every pixel obtained an individual membership to each soil type in this way. The defuzzification process (the assignment of a given pixel to only one resultant soil subtype) considered the first and second largest membership of pixels to particular soil types. To express the scientific reliability of the results, methods for measuring uncertainty and two modified confusion indexes are calculated. This approach shows 26% full agreement, 64% partial agreement and 10% disagreement between the modelled and observed point data. The result significantly exceeds the accuracy of conventional soil maps in the tested area, as well as in some other previously investigated regions of the Western Carpathians.
•DSM of soil taxonomy units in a forested mountain area via fuzzy c-means clustering.•It respects the continuous character of soil in both taxonomic and geogr. dimensions.•Original selection of env. covariates and interpretation of soil-landscape units.•Specific accuracy measurement and confusion indexes computation.•Defuzzification process that produces more informative maps of nominal units.
Via magna, poznata je iz srednjovjekovnog izvora kao cesta između Varaždina i Križe-
vaca. Većina autora zbog atribut magna pretpostavlja njeno antičko podrijetlo, što međutim nije bilo dosada ...konkretno potvrđeno. Kako bi istražili upravo te pretpostavke, koncentrirali smo se na istraživanje prostornih odnosa lokaliteta koji se u izvoru spominju na samoj trasi; Varaždin, Kozji Hrbet i Križevce, odnosno njihovom geoprometnom potencijalu u optimalnom povezivanju. Naime, ukoliko se zaista radi o cesti koja je bila dio rimske cestovne mreže, pretpostavili smo da bi prema principima rimskog prakticionizma, navedeni lokaliteti bili povezani optimalnim koridorom, koji je omogućavao najekonomičnije tj. najefikasnije spajanje/markiranje važnijih točaka u prostoru, pritom omogućavajući promet kolima i u brdskom području, zbog čega je cesta potencijalno i nazvana magnom. Kao osnovi alat za istraživanje u ovom radu smo koristili GIS, odnosno Least Cost Path analizu, za izračun optimalnih ruta u brdskim područjima, te points to path metodu, za utvrđivanje potencijala linijskog povezivanja u nizinskim područjima. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako optimalna ruta markira upravo poznate antičke lokalitete, što ide u prilog pretpostavljenom rimskom korištenju iste, a Kozji Hrbet pokazao se ključnim prijevojem za potrebe trasiranja ceste za prometovanjem životinjskim zapregama. Na temelju generiranih podataka, predložili smo stoga konkretnu trasu ceste Via Magna, a time i “arheološki koridor” unutar kojeg je najrealnije u budućnosti očekivati eventualne materijalne ostatke same ceste.
Jeschkengebirge (Jestedský hrbet). Jeschken (Ještĕd) vom Machendorfer Weg
aus Glas in schwarzweiß, hoch
Jeschkengebirge (Jestedský hrbet). Jeschken (Ješt様 d) from the Machendorfer Weg
Black and white ...glass, high
Jeschkengebirge (Jestedský hrbet). Jeschken (Ješt様 d) from the Auerhahn saddle
Black and white glass, high
Jeschkengebirge (Jestedský hrbet). Jeschken (Ještĕd) vom Auerhahnsattel
aus Glas in ...schwarzweiß, hoch
