The article examines the priorities and instruments of youth policy in the countries of Western Europe (France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland) in ...the context of social protection, youth development and preservation of human potential. In particular, the main characteristic features of the youth policy of Germany (as one of the most progressive and effective not only among Western European countries, but also in the world) are identified: moderate intervention in the life of young people on the side of the State, social partnership between the State and society on the principles of subsidiarity; a combination of social democratic and liberal orientations; high level of democracy; clear structuring by levels: federal, federal state, and local; availability of a strong legislative framework related to the regulation of various issues of young people’s lives. Taking into account the experience of Germany in the distribution of budget financing of youth policy (in particular, its targeting, taking into account local and regional socioeconomic realities and needs), attention is focused on the expediency of applying in Ukraine such an approach to the implementation of the State-based youth policy, taking into account the different conditions and quality of life of domestic youth in different regions of the country (first of all, depending on the distance from the frontline of the war). The priorities and instruments of social protection of youth in Austria are studied (support for the rights of young people to personal development, ensuring the participation of young people in the educational process; providing material and non-material assistance to the unemployed; social support for children under care outside the family; protection of young people from all forms of violence and discrimination; reimbursement of expenses for outpatient and/or inpatient treatment; financing of expenses related to the implementation of residential care for children by foster parents or social pedagogues, etc.). Taking into account the aggravation of the problem of unemployment of the young population in France, the priorities and instruments of the policy of promoting the integration of young people of this country in the labor market, the development of communication skills, etc., are analyzed. The features of the State policy of promoting the development of a culture of youth entrepreneurship, innovation activity, etc., in the countries of Western Europe (in particular, in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Netherlands) are studied. The results of the study of the priorities and instruments of youth policy of Western European countries in the context of social protection, youth development and preservation of human potential made it possible to trace the gradual transition from the provision of the State aid to some of the most vulnerable groups of the young population to the financing of social programs that promote youth cohesion, development and preservation of human potential. Taking into account the best experience in the formation and implementation of youth policy in Western European countries, the priority directions for improving youth policy in Ukraine are named.
This article discusses the empirical research results devoted to the study of the older generation attitude to modern technologies: fears, expectations, and motivation to use such technologies. The ...obtained results are interpreted through a humanistic paradigm, in which technologies are considered as a tool for realising human potential, in particular, the potential of the older age group. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis was conducted by gender and age groups. The main conclusions drawn from the scientific work results are as follows. Firstly, it is the older generation that assumes the role of “technological optimists”, unlike younger and middle-aged people who have more concerns about the development of information technology. This applies both to everyday life and to the national problems of the increment of scientific knowledge. Secondly, the older generation noticeably need the humanistic aspect of technology more. This includes distrust of full automation, for example, driverless cars, as well as the need for a tutor and mentor when mastering new technologies. At the same time, it is the elderly generation that expresses the greatest trust in people around them. Thirdly, in many respects, the older generation has more similarities in their expectations and preferences with the younger age group than with those who are closer to them in age.
This study examines the world’s Top 100 age class performance times by Master athletes in marathon running. The predominant paradigm for this type of research assumes that the outcomes represent a ...“virtual” cross-sectional study with important implications about aging. This article critiques this perspective and presents alternative models that include temporal dimensions that relate to cohort differences, age changes and historical transitions. One purpose of this study is to compare these models with respect to goodness of fit to the data. A second purpose is to evaluate the generalizability of findings from the fastest divisional age class quartile to the slower quartiles. Archival listings by the Association of Road Racing Statisticians include a maximum of 100 fastest age class performances in marathon running performances by men and women. This database includes 937 performances by 387 men performances and 856 performances by 301 women. The mean ages are 62.05 years for men and 60.5 years for women. The mean numbers of performances per runner are 6.64 for men and 6.4 for women. Analysis by mixed linear modeling (MLM) indicates best goodness of fit for logarithms of performance time by a model that includes linear and quadratic expressions of age at entry into the database (termed “entry cohort”) and subsequent age changes (termed “elapsed age”) as variables. Findings with this model show higher performance times in women than men. Rates of increase in performance time are higher at older cohort ages and elapsed ages. Performance time increases with interactions between cohort age and elapsed age, cohort age and gender, and elapsed age and gender (i.e., with greater increases in women than men). Finally, increases in performance time with cohort age and elapsed age are higher in slower than faster performance quartiles, with athletes in the faster quartiles more likely to have multiple data entries and athletes in the slower quartiles single data entries. Implications of these findings are discussed.
With Industry 5.0 on the horizon, research and innovation is prioritising the transition to sustainable, human-centred and resilient manufacturing. In this context, Zero Defect Manufacturing (ZDM) ...strategies combine tools, resources and rules with the aim of avoiding defects and increasing the sustainable performance of complex manufacturing systems. Five distinct strategies for ZDM have been identified in the literature: (I) detection, (II) prediction, (III) prevention, (IV) repair, and (V) mitigation or compensation. The main motivation of this paper is to discuss an extension of these five existing dimensions by three more, which will enable the transformation of classical ZDM towards a more sustainable production. The main objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review that covers the state of the art of ZDM and highlights the need to add the three (Zero3) dimensions: i) Zero Resource Loss (resource and emission improvement) ii) Zero Human Potential Loss (productivity and stability improvement) iii) Zero Data Gap (increase in efficiency of data use).
Achievement of balanced development of socio-economic systems of different levels lies in the plane of effective regulation of processes arising as a result of the action of various factors ...associated with negative phenomena of both an economic and social nature. Ensuring effective regulatory influence on the part of state and regional authorities is a guarantee of sustainable socio-economic development of the state and its regions, reducing interregional disparities, increasing the investment attractiveness of territories, preventing complications on a political, economic, and interethnic basis. This, in turn, is the basis of national state policy, as well as regional policy as its integral component. The modern dynamism of socio-economic development poses new challenges to the state due to the need to counteract the negative effects of the incessant transformations. We consider the strengthening of inequality and processes of social polarization caused by changes in the social structure of society to be the most striking of them. These changes have resulted today in the spread of such a negative social phenomenon as social exclusion. The problem of social exclusion in Ukraine and its regions is primarily related to the dysfunctionality of the processes of regulation of the main spheres of ensuring citizens' livelihoods, in particular, the spheres of employment, wages, social guarantees and the availability of social services. In addition, the significant risk for individuals to fall into the category of socially excluded today is caused by the presence of other destabilizing factors of an economic nature. These factors include the presence of significant imbalances in the labor market, in particular, a high level of unemployment and a reduction in the number of jobs, a significant level of poverty, including among the working population, the risk of not getting a job in accordance with the acquired qualification level and other factors that are especially threatening for the preservation and development of the human potential of the state.
Purpose. The article summarizes the practical aspects of the policy of foreign states regarding the involvement of Ukrainian youth and the factors regulating their migration mobility with the aim of ...preserving the human capital of Ukraine in the conditions of russian aggression. Results. A significant increase in external migration flows among Ukrainian citizens as a result of hostilities and a deep socio-economic crisis in Ukraine had a significant impact on the demographic situation in the state and its regions, led to significant changes in the sex-age structure of the population, a rapid reduction in domestic demand and labor supply, changed the level of population concentration in many regions and caused a number of other significant challenges. However, the problem of migration of Ukrainian youth has become particularly important, since this category of the population is the most active and mobile, but also the least socially and psychologically protected, so it needs special support from the state and public institutions. High migratory mobility of young people to recipient countries can contribute to increasing financial income from tuition fees, integrating educational institutions into the international educational and scientific system, reducing costs for training and education of qualified specialists, increasing the concentration of labor potential, developing the industrial complex, stimulating economic growth, reduction of labor shortage, growth of GDP, increase of revenues to the state budget. But at the same time, it also has the opposite negative effect, which, in particular, is manifested in the growth of competition in the educational services and labor markets, the decrease in the number of jobs, the spread of unemployment, especially among young people without work experience, etc. The article is devoted to the study of effective ways of regulating the migration mobility of Ukrainian youth. The impact of the migration of Ukrainian youth caused by russian aggression on the human capital of Ukraine and the formation of opportunities for its preservation is evaluated. The authors outlines ways to form a rational migration and social policy, which will allow implementing an effective scenario of managing Ukraine’s youth potential at both at the national and regional levels. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the policy of many foreign countries regarding attracting the potential of Ukrainian youth is analyzed. The article outlines the initiatives of foreign scientific and educational institutions to support Ukrainian youth and their adaptation to the educational and social processes of recipient countries. Practical value. Based on the assessment of the migration mobility of the Ukrainian youth and the analysis of the main initiatives of foreign countries regarding the attraction of its potential in the environment of the recipient countries, recommendations were developed to regulate the migration mobility of the Ukrainian youth in order to preserve the human capital of Ukraine and provide opportunities for its reproduction and further development.
The results of a study focused on identifying differences between the city and the countryside in terms of human potential and the conditions for its development and implementation are presented. ...For the purpose of this study, the authors’ human development index (HDI) is used, which includes the original measurement of its three components (longevity, educational potential, and standard of living). In the “educational potential” component, instead of the traditional index “share of students in the total population 7 to 24 years old,” the index “share of the population 25 years old or older with vocational education” is substantiated and applied. This makes it possible to consider the accumulated educational potential of Russian citizens, which can be realized both in the field of work and in other areas of their lives and more accurately reflects the educational opportunities of the population. In the “standard of living” component, instead of the particular index “GDP per capita according to PPP,” the use of the index “purchasing power of household disposable resources” is justified. It considers more accurately the purchasing power of resources actually spent on consumption by urban and rural households with account for their size and structure. It has been revealed that villagers lag behind townspeople in terms of the HDI and all its components. Having considered the living conditions of both groups of the population, the authors show that the most pressing problem is the lack of opportunities for most urban and rural residents to realize their needs for improving the quality of housing conditions that are below average standards. The results of this study are of practical importance and can be used in the preparation and updating of the most important state documents.
The article describes the nature of the use of natural and artificial intelligence in the talent management system in the Moscow Region. The extent of using talent management technology, the tools, ...the ratio of demand for natural and artificial intelligence in talent management, and the level of employee confidence in man (robot) in management are analyzed. It is revealed and substantiated that personnel management services and the management of companies do not effectively use natural intelligence in the framework of the talent management system, relying on chance and a typical approach. Ambiguity in the assessment of artificial intelligence by both employees and company management was revealed. Increased use and fears of the negative impact of artificial intelligence become opposing factors in talent management. It is proposed to quickly implement advanced technologies based on artificial intelligence, with no harm to the human and his potential. It is also proposed to constantly keep in focus the risks of intercepting initiatives in the management of artificial intelligence and the crowding out of a person from the labor market. The main advantage of the article is an integrated approach to the study of the pattern of using natural and artificial intelligence in the talent management system. The authors considered the issue of identifying the ratio of artificial and natural intelligence in talent management for the first time. The results can serve as a basis for further research in the system of human resource management, as well as good support for making management decisions in the implementation of artificial intelligence in business processes and organization management.
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