The dead tell no tales. Or do they? In this fascinating book, Clark Spencer Larsen shows that the dead can speak to us--about their lives, and ours-- through the remarkable insights of ...bioarchaeology, which reconstructs the lives and lifestyles of past peoples based on the study of skeletal remains. The human skeleton is an amazing storehouse of information. It records the circumstances of our growth and development as reflected in factors such as disease, stress, diet, nutrition, climate, activity, and injury. Bioarchaeologists, by combining the methods of forensic science and archaeology, along with the resources of many other disciplines (including chemistry, geology, physics, and biology), "read" the information stored in bones to understand what life was really like for our human ancestors. They are unearthing some surprises. For instance, the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture approximately 10, 000 years ago has commonly been seen as a major advancement in the course of human evolution. However, as Larsen provocatively shows, this change may not have been so positive. Compared to their hunter-gatherer ancestors, many early farmers suffered more disease, had to work harder, and endured a poorer quality of life due to poorer diets and more marginal living conditions. Moreover, the past 10, 000 years have seen dramatic changes in the human physiognomy as a result of alterations in our diet and lifestyle. Some modern health problems, including obesity and chronic disease, may also have their roots in these earlier changes. Drawing on vivid accounts from his own experiences as a bioarchaeologist, Larsen guides us through some of the key developments in recent human evolution, including the adoption of agriculture, the arrival of Europeans in the Americas and the biological consequences of this contact, and the settlement of the American West in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Written in a lively and engaging manner, this book is for anyone interested in what the dead have to tell us about the living.
Research on human action recognition based on skeletons has received much attention. But most of the research focuses on improving the model’s generalization ability, while ignoring significant ...efficiency issues. This leads to developing heavy models with poor scalability and cost-effectiveness in practical use. This paper, we investigate the under-studied but practically critical recognition model efficiency problem. To this end, we present a new Fast Recognition Distillation (FRD) model learning strategy. Specifically, FRD trains a lightweight recognition neural network structure that can be quickly executed at a low computational cost. It can be achieved by effectively disseminating the identification probability information of the teacher network to the lightweight network. We call the probability information of the teacher network as soft-target, and FRD can learn more potential information from soft-target. In addition, we also used a particular loss function for soft-target. Through the FRD network, while basically maintaining the recognition accuracy, we minimized the network structure. Extensive experiments on the two large-scale datasets, NTU-RGBD and Kinetics-Skeleton, demonstrate that our model (FRD) is more lightweight and refined than others. Therefore, our model FRD is efficient.
•A lightweight human action recognition neural network structure.•Can be quickly executed at low computational cost.•Can learn more potential information from soft-target with a special loss function.•Minimized the network structure without loss of recognition accuracy.•Outperforming the-state-of-the-art methods.
Bone Quantitative Ultrasound Laugier, Pascal; Haïat, Guillaume
2011, 2010, 20101108, 2014-07-30, Letnik:
1st Edition, Številka:
XII
eBook, Book
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of bone is a relatively recent research field. The research community is steadily growing, with interdisciplinary branches in acoustics, medical imaging, biomechanics, ...biomedical engineering, applied mathematics, bone biology and clinical sciences, resulting in significant achievements in new ultrasound technologies to measure bone, as well as models to elucidate the interaction and the propagation of ultrasonic wave in complex bone structures. Hundreds of articles published in specialists journals are accessible from the Web and from electronic libraries. However, no compilation and synthesis of the most recent and significant research exist. The only book on QUS of bone has been published in 1999 at a time when the propagation mechanisms of ultrasound in bone were still largely unknown and the technology was immature. The research community has now reached a critical size, special sessions are organized in major international meetings (e.g., at the World Congress of Biomechanics, the annual meetings of the Acoustical Society of America, International Bone Densitometry Workshop, etc...). Consequently, the time has come for a completely up to date, comprehensive review of the topic. The book will offer the most recent experimental results and theoretical concepts developed so far and is intended for researchers, graduate or undergraduate students, engineers, and clinicians who are involved in the field. The central part of the book covers the physics of ultrasound propagation in bone. Our goal is to give the reader an extensive view of the mathematical and numerical models as an aid to understand the QUS potential and the types of variables that can be determined by QUS in order to characterize bone strength. The propagation of sound in bone is still subject of intensive research. Different models have been proposed (for example, the Biot theory of poroealasticity and the theory of scattering have been used to describe wave propagation in cancellous bone, whereas propagation in cortical bone falls in the scope of guided waves theories). An extensive review of the models has not been published so far. We intend in this book to present in details the models that are used to solve the direct problem and strategies that are currently developed to address the inverse problem. This will include analytical theories and numerical approaches that have grown exponentially in recent years. Most recent experimental findings and technological developments will also be comprehensively reviewed.
The dead tell no tales. Or do they? In this fascinating book, Clark Spencer Larsen shows that the dead can speak to us--about their lives, and ours--through the remarkable insights of bioarchaeology, ...which reconstructs the lives and lifestyles of past peoples based on the study of skeletal remains. The human skeleton is an amazing storehouse of information. It records the circumstances of our growth and development as reflected in factors such as disease, stress, diet, nutrition, climate, activity, and injury. Bioarchaeologists, by combining the methods of forensic science and archaeology, along with the resources of many other disciplines (including chemistry, geology, physics, and biology), "read" the information stored in bones to understand what life was really like for our human ancestors. They are unearthing some surprises. For instance, the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture approximately 10,000 years ago has commonly been seen as a major advancement in the course of human evolution. However, as Larsen provocatively shows, this change may not have been so positive. Compared to their hunter-gatherer ancestors, many early farmers suffered more disease, had to work harder, and endured a poorer quality of life due to poorer diets and more marginal living conditions. Moreover, the past 10,000 years have seen dramatic changes in the human physiognomy as a result of alterations in our diet and lifestyle. Some modern health problems, including obesity and chronic disease, may also have their roots in these earlier changes. Drawing on vivid accounts from his own experiences as a bioarchaeologist, Larsen guides us through some of the key developments in recent human evolution, including the adoption of agriculture, the arrival of Europeans in the Americas and the biological consequences of this contact, and the settlement of the American West in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Written in a lively and engaging manner, this book is for anyone interested in what the dead have to tell us about the living.
The dead tell no tales. Or do they? In this fascinating book,
Clark Spencer Larsen shows that the dead can speak to us--about
their lives, and ours--through the remarkable insights of
bioarchaeology, ...which reconstructs the lives and lifestyles of past
peoples based on the study of skeletal remains. The human skeleton
is an amazing storehouse of information. It records the
circumstances of our growth and development as reflected in factors
such as disease, stress, diet, nutrition, climate, activity, and
injury. Bioarchaeologists, by combining the methods of forensic
science and archaeology, along with the resources of many other
disciplines (including chemistry, geology, physics, and biology),
"read" the information stored in bones to understand what life was
really like for our human ancestors. They are unearthing some
surprises. For instance, the shift from hunting and gathering to
agriculture approximately 10,000 years ago has commonly been seen
as a major advancement in the course of human evolution. However,
as Larsen provocatively shows, this change may not have been so
positive. Compared to their hunter-gatherer ancestors, many early
farmers suffered more disease, had to work harder, and endured a
poorer quality of life due to poorer diets and more marginal living
conditions. Moreover, the past 10,000 years have seen dramatic
changes in the human physiognomy as a result of alterations in our
diet and lifestyle. Some modern health problems, including obesity
and chronic disease, may also have their roots in these earlier
changes. Drawing on vivid accounts from his own experiences as a
bioarchaeologist, Larsen guides us through some of the key
developments in recent human evolution, including the adoption of
agriculture, the arrival of Europeans in the Americas and the
biological consequences of this contact, and the settlement of the
American West in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Written
in a lively and engaging manner, this book is for anyone interested
in what the dead have to tell us about the living.
The skeleton-based human action recognition has broad application prospects in the field of virtual reality, as skeleton data is more resistant to data noise such as background interference and ...camera angle changes. Notably, recent works treat the human skeleton as a non-grid representation, e.g., skeleton graph, then learns the spatio-temporal pattern via graph convolution operators. Still, the stacked graph convolution plays a marginal role in modeling long-range dependences that may contain crucial action semantic cues. In this work, we introduce a skeleton large kernel attention operator (SLKA), which can enlarge the receptive field and improve channel adaptability without increasing too much computational burden. Then a spatiotemporal SLKA module (ST-SLKA) is integrated, which can aggregate long-range spatial features and learn long-distance temporal correlations. Further, we have designed a novel skeleton-based action recognition network architecture called the spatiotemporal large-kernel attention graph convolution network (LKA-GCN). In addition, large-movement frames may carry significant action information. This work proposes a joint movement modeling strategy (JMM) to focus on valuable temporal interactions. Ultimately, on the NTU-RGBD 60, NTU-RGBD 120 and Kinetics-Skeleton 400 action datasets, the performance of our LKA-GCN has achieved a state-of-the-art level.
This article focuses on the task of detecting human-object interactions (HOI) in videos, with the goal of identifying objects interacting with humans and predicting human-object interaction classes. ...Two frameworks are proposed which detect human-object interactions in videos by modeling the trajectory of objects and human skeleton. The first framework (knowledge-based spatial–temporal HOI) treats the entire scene to be a HOI graph made up of the human skeleton and objects. It has fewer parameters and a higher possibility for knowledge embedding. The second framework (hierarchical spatial–temporal HOI) constructs a HOI graph after obtaining the feature of the human skeleton and objects. It outperforms the competition in terms of performance and generalization. Experimental results in CAD-120 dataset and SYSU-HOI dataset show that the proposed frameworks are more advanced than the state-of-the-art methods, with smaller parameters and shorter inference time. Such results confirm that the proposed frameworks effectively reduce parameters and inference time while maintaining detection accuracy in HOI videos.
The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone Disease provides a comprehensive and invaluable source of information on this important group of diseases. It is an essential guide for those engaged in either ...basic recording or in-depth research on human remains from archaeological sites. The range of potential tools for investigating metabolic diseases of bone are far greater than for many other conditions, and building on clinical investigations, this book will consider gross, surface features visible using microscopic examination, histological and radiological features of bone, that can be used to help investigate metabolic bone diseases. * Clear photographs and line drawings illustrate gross, histological and radiological features associated with each of the conditions * Covers a range of issues pertinent to the study of metabolic bone disease in archaeological skeletal material, including the problems that frequent co-existence of these conditions in individuals living in the past raises, the preservation of human bone and the impact this has on the ability to suggest a diagnosis of a condition * Includes a range of conditions that can lead to osteopenia and osteoporosis, including previous investigations of these conditions in archaeological bone
Most archaeologists and bioarchaeologists receive little or no training in the recognition of skeletal remains of fetuses, infants, and children. Yet many research sites may contain such materials. ...Without a framework for identifying the bones or the excavation techniques suited to their recovery, archaeologists may often overlook subadult skeletal remains or even confuse them with animal bones.
The Osteology of Infants and Children fills the need for a field and lab manual on this important topic and provides a supplemental textbook for human osteology courses. Focusing on juvenile skeletons, their recovery and identification, and siding in both field and lab settings, the volume provides basic descriptions and careful illustrations of each skeletal element at varying stages of development, along with sections on differentiation from other bones and siding tips.
The book offers detailed treatment of the skull and teeth, including the cranial vault and facial bones, and examines the infracranial skeleton: vertebrae, pelvis, chest, shoulders, arms, hands, legs, and feet. A quick reference guide explains age estimation and identification templates.
The illustrations are enhanced by photographs from two recent archaeology projects in Egypt, at Abydos and Dakhleh Oasis. The extensive collection of fetal and child remains from these sites provides new reference material unavailable in previous publications, making this manual an unparalleled resource in the field of physical anthropology.
This work is focused on a case of trepanation reported in a skeletal sample found in a necropolis from Iaşi (Romania). According to the discovered coins, the time limits of necropolis use are set ...between the 17th and 19th centuries. In the study, the classical paleoanthropological and paleopathological methods, stereomicroscopy, dental wear, nonmetric dental traits were applied. The skeleton under analysis belonged to an adult male of 35–40 years (middle adult). The preservation status of the skeleton is satisfactory. At the level of the skull (on the parietal bones), two perforations were identified, diagnosed as trepanations. The craniotomy was realized intra-vitam, most probably for medical/ therapeutic purposes. Tripartite Inca bone was reported on the lambdoid suture. Dentition is characterized by moderately advanced predominant wear and antemortem microfractures in both anterior and posterior teeth. The particularities of this individual are defined by the supernumerary roots and the asymmetry of traits in the second upper incisor. Supragingival and subgingival dental calculus (moderate amount) is present at the level of the lower first and second incisors (I1, I2) (labial and lingual surface). At the level of the postcranial skeleton, perforation of the sternum (sternal foramina) and Schmorll’s nodule in three thoracic and two lumbar vertebrae were reported.
