•A concise account of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 is given.•Questions are raised about the situation of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 co-existing.•Discussions, guided by the questions, are given to ...clarify the two terminologies.
Industry 4.0, an initiative from Germany, has become a globally adopted term in the past decade. Many countries have introduced similar strategic initiatives, and a considerable research effort has been spent on developing and implementing some of the Industry 4.0 technologies. At the ten-year mark of the introduction of Industry 4.0, the European Commission announced Industry 5.0. Industry 4.0 is considered to be technology-driven, whereas Industry 5.0 is value-driven. The co-existence of two Industrial Revolutions invites questions and hence demands discussions and clarifications. We have elected to use five of these questions to structure our arguments and tried to be unbiased for the selection of the sources of information and for the discussions around the key issues. It is our intention that this article will spark and encourage continued debate and discussion around these topics.
Smart manufacturing is being shaped nowadays by two different paradigms: Industry 4.0 proclaims transition to digitalization and automation of processes while emerging Industry 5.0 emphasizes human ...centricity. This turn can be explained by unprecedented challenges being faced recently by societies, such as, global climate change, pandemics, hybrid and conventional warfare, refugee crises. Sustainable and resilient processes require humans to get back into the loop of organizational decision-making. In this paper, we argue that the most reasonable way to marry the two extremes of automation and value-based human-driven processes is to create an Industry 4.0 + Industry 5.0 hybrid, which inherits the most valuable features of both - efficiency of the Industry 4.0 processes and sustainability of the Industry 5.0 decisions. Digital cognitive clones twinning human decision-making behavior are represented as an enabling technology for the future hybrid and as an accelerator (as well as resilience enabler) of the convergence of the digital and human worlds.
The aim of the study is to identify and explain the changes to processes and process flows in companies as a result of Industry 5.0. In doing so, a fundamental approach is to be sought by means of a ...literature analysis. With the help of this analysis, the dynamic development of the industry, especially since Industry 4.0, will be considered. The article contains data and information obtained from the literature analysis (an extensive secondary data collection) which was collected from studies of scientific databases as part of a survey. With the help of this study, the authors intend to address three specific research questions in order to explain at the end to what extent processes in companies are influenced by Industry 5.0. The results clearly show that a certain change can be recorded not only since Industry 4.0, but with every single preceding industry. It becomes clear that some industries are more affected by these changes than others. Basically, it can be stated that the changes are occurring much faster than initially assumed and with the rise of the respective industries (1.0 - 4.0), there is a significantly small-time span in between. The next major industrial revolution is therefore imminent.
The term “Metaverse” first used in Neal Stephenson's sci-fi book Snow Crash in 1992, refers to a fusion of virtual and real existence. Nearly 30 years later, that definition is taking shape and ...promises to alter how people live and operate. This next evolution of Internet also known as Web3.0 will combine digital and physical elements. Multiple definitions can be found in the literature, with the most prevalent being the “new internet”, among others such as “democratized virtual society”, “persistent virtual spaces”, “a digital twin of our own world for personalized value creation”. Consequently, the common consensus dictates that Metaverse can be realized as a new form of the Internet, totally reshaped from what is already known. As we are heading towards the coexistence of Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0 (super smart and intelligent society), this paper attempts to present the definition of Metaverse, its evolution, the advantages and disadvantages, the pillars for the technological advancement which could be the fuel to spark future investigation and discussion as well as to accelerate the development of Metaverse towards the human centric and personalized society. Furthermore, in this manuscript, challenges and opportunities are presented (including Manufacturing), a brief comparison is performed versus Virtual Reality, and a conceptual framework for integrating Metaverse in Manufacturing is also presented.
•Interconnection of Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0 and Metaverse.•Development paths of Metaverse, Web evolution, Metaverse Hierarchical Structure.•Comparison between the benefits and drawbacks of Web 3.0.•Categorical introduction of Metaverse in Smart Manufacturing.•Challenges, Opportunities, Applications, and conceptual framework of the Metaverse Software Platforms Ecosystem.
Industry 5.0 is regarded as the next industrial evolution, its objective is to leverage the creativity of human experts in collaboration with efficient, intelligent and accurate machines, in order to ...obtain resource-efficient and user-preferred manufacturing solutions compared to Industry 4.0. Numerous promising technologies and applications are expected to assist Industry 5.0 in order to increase production and deliver customized products in a spontaneous manner. To provide a very first discussion of Industry 5.0, in this paper, we aim to provide a survey-based tutorial on potential applications and supporting technologies of Industry 5.0. We first introduce several new concepts and definitions of Industry 5.0 from the perspective of different industry practitioners and researchers. We then elaborately discuss the potential applications of Industry 5.0, such as intelligent healthcare, cloud manufacturing, supply chain management and manufacturing production. Subsequently, we discuss about some supporting technologies for Industry 5.0, such as edge computing, digital twins, collaborative robots, Internet of every things, blockchain, and 6G and beyond networks. Finally, we highlight several research challenges and open issues that should be further developed to realize Industry 5.0.
In the Industry 4.0 era, automation and data analytics emerge as the major forces to enhance efficiency in operations management (OM). Disruptive technologies, such as artificial intelligence, ...robotics, blockchain, 3D printing, 5G, Internet‐of‐Thing, digital twins, and augmented reality, are widely applied. They potentially will bring a radical change to real world operations. In this study, we first explore several major disruptive technologies, examine the corresponding OM studies, and highlight their current applications in the industry. Then, we discuss the pros and cons associated with the use of these technologies and uncover the potential human–machine conflicting areas. After that, we propose measures which may be able to achieve human–machine reconciles in the coming Industry 5.0 era. A concept of “sustainable social welfare” which includes worker welfare, privacy, etc. is proposed and the roles played by policy makers are also discussed. Finally, a future research agenda, which covers topics in both the Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 eras, is established.
The industrial transformation is sociotechnical. Industry 5.0 is one of the recent terms to describe this phenomenon, defined as a humanized vision of technological transformations in industry, ...balancing the current and future needs of the workers and society with the sustainable optimization of energy consumption, materials processing, and product lifecycles. This paper presents a tertiary study of thirty-two literature reviews on Industry 5.0, supported by a bibliometric analysis in the Scopus database. The results show three stages of Industry 5.0 research since 2018, starting with the Industry 4.0 separation. The latest priority is to deploy circular manufacturing strategies supported by human-friendly digitalization capable of anticipating and acting proactively on impacts. Therefore, Industry 5.0 is future-oriented and cross-sectoral, (interactively) diverging from the original configuration of Industry 4.0. For theory, we highlight the findings of recent literature reviews, clarifying the landscape of Industry 5.0 research and suggesting future developments. For practice, this paper presents examples of societal priorities that industries should consider in their digital transformation investments, as crucial as improving economic competitiveness.
In the context of Industry 5.0, this empirical research investigates the concrete effects of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data insights on sustainability metrics. Real-world data analysis ...shows that during a two-year period, there was a 10% rise in the energy used by solar panels, a 6.7% increase in the energy consumed by wind turbines, and a 6.7% drop in the energy consumed by the grid. Paper trash output was reduced by 14% and plastic waste by 24% as a consequence of waste reduction initiatives. Product quality was maintained by AI-driven quality control, with quality ratings ranging from 89 to 94. Moreover, there was a 6% decrease in carbon emissions from industry, 3.1% from transportation, and 4.6% from energy production. These results highlight how AI and Big Data may revolutionize Industry 5.0 by promoting environmental responsibility, waste reduction, energy efficiency, sustainability, and high-quality products.
Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has brought about profound changes in the management field but not only. Companies have embraced I4.0 innovations and enabling technologies in production and marketing, business ...models and human resources management. About 10 years after the introduction of I4.0, a recent intervention by the European Commission has drawn attention to a new paradigm, Industry 5.0 (I5.0), a new Industrial Revolution oriented to social and sustainability objectives. In this context of technological but even more social change and the coexistence of two Industrial Revolutions, using a systematic literature review, the paper aims to provide a holistic and comprehensive definition of I5.0 while analysing the enabling technologies and the challenges and opportunities related to the I4.0 transition to I50. The results show a growing interest in I5.0, in particular the transition from I4.0, and a strong link between the two industrial revolutions, emphasised, for instance, by the enabling technologies. The conclusions offer insights into future research trends and possible managerial implications.
•After 10 years of Industry 4.0 we are in the era of a new industrial revolution.•Industry 5.0 is the new human-oriented paradigm.•There is no single, holistic definition of I5.0.•Transition from I4.0 to I5.0 involves technologies, challenges and opportunities.
Recently, the futuristic industry and society have caught increasing attention, that is, on Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0. Industry 5.0 is announced by European Commission toward a sustainable, ...human-centric, and resilient European industry. Society 5.0 is proposed by Japan Cabinet to balance economic advancement with the resolution of social problems in Japanese society. Generally, the revolutions of industry and society have profoundly interacted with each other since the first industrial revolution. The coexistence of Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0 could raise varying confusions to be clarified and a series of questions to be answered. Therefore, we attempt to present the comparison, complementation, and co-evolution between Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0 to address the corresponding foundational arguments about Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0, which could be the basic inspiration for future investigation and discussion and accelerate the development of Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0.
•A systematic comparison to better understand the relationship and interconnection of Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0.•The comparison diagram visualizes the resemblance and differentiation from four dimensions.•Similar challenges and opportunities in Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0 are summarized.
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