This review addresses the use of peer-mediated interventions (PMI) to improve the social interaction skills of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in inclusive settings. The purpose of this ...review is to (a) identify the characteristics and components of peer-mediated social interaction interventions, (b) evaluate the effectiveness of PMI by offering an analysis of intervention results and research design, and (c) suggest directions for future research. Overall, results suggest that PMI is a promising treatment for increasing social interaction in children, adolescents, and young adults with ASD in inclusive settings, with positive generalization, maintenance, and social validity outcomes. Findings also suggest that participant characteristics and the type of social deficit an individual exhibits are important considerations when choosing the optimal configuration of PMI strategies.
Confronter l'hospitalité à la question cosmopolitique suppose un déplacement qui fait quitter la question des relations interpersonnelles et du modèle domestique de l'hospitalité pour aborder des ...manières de se représenter le monde, de le concevoir comme un horizon jusqu'à la conception d'une citoyenneté mondiale. Cet article se propose d'opérer ce déplacement en questionnant, en compagnie de Kant et de Seyla Benhabib, les conditions d'une hospitalité politique sensible aux « droits des autres » et à leurs voix dans la construction d'un monde commun.
Next to physical health problems and economic damage, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated lockdown measures taken by governments of many countries are expected to cause ...mental health problems. Especially for adolescents, who highly rely on social contacts with peers, the prolonged period of social isolation may have detrimental effects on their mental health. Based on the mood management theory, the current study examines if social media are beneficial for adolescents to cope with feelings of anxiety and loneliness during the quarantine. A survey study among 2,165 (Belgian) adolescents (13-19 years old) tested how feelings of anxiety and loneliness contributed to their happiness level, and whether different social media coping strategies (active, social relations, and humor) mediated these relations. Structural equation modeling revealed that feelings of loneliness had a higher negative impact on adolescents' happiness than feelings of anxiety. However, anxious participants indicated to use social media more often to actively seek for a manner to adapt to the current situation, and to a lesser extent as a way to keep in touch with friends and family. The indirect effect of anxiety on happiness through active coping was significantly positive. Participants who were feeling lonely were more inclined to use social media to cope with lacking social contact. However, this coping strategy was not significantly related to their happiness feelings. Humorous coping was positively related with feelings of happiness, but not influenced by loneliness or anxiety. To conclude, social media can be used as a constructive coping strategy for adolescents to deal with anxious feelings during the COVID-19 quarantine.
To determine the prevalence of common mental disorders in university professors and to analyze the same with sociodemographic and occupational data, self-perceived interpersonal communication, and ...vocal symptoms.
A Cross-sectional analytical observational quantitative study with 322 university professors. Four assessment instruments: the Sociodemographic and Work Information Questionnaire, the Self-Report Questionnaire, the Brazilian Dysphonia Screening Tool, the Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale, and the Voice Symptom Scale. The study performed descriptive and association analyses. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio, estimated with Poisson regression with robust invariance, considering common mental disorders as a dependent variable.
The prevalence of common mental disorders in university professors was 27.6%. There was a significant association between such disorders and self-perceived vocal complaints, the suspicion of dysphonia, and self-perceived difficulties in regards to being heard with a mask (sometimes/always). The higher the score in the self-disclosure domain of the Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale the higher the prevalence of common mental disorders in university professors.
The prevalence of common mental disorders in university professors is high and influences their self-perception of vocal symptoms and interpersonal relationships. Hence, it reinforces the need for measures to maintain university professors’ vocal and mental health.
Even high functioning children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit impairments that affect their ability to carry out and maintain effective social interactions in multiple contexts. One ...aspect of subtle nonverbal communication that might play a role in this impairment is the whole-body motor coordination that naturally arises between people during conversation. The current study aimed to measure the time-dependent, coordinated whole-body movements between children with ASD and a clinician during a conversational exchange using tools of nonlinear dynamics. Given the influence that subtle interpersonal coordination has on social interaction feelings, we expected there to be important associations between the dynamic motor movement measures introduced in the current study and the measures used traditionally to categorize ASD impairment (ADOS-2, joint attention and theory of mind). The study found that children with ASD coordinated their bodily movements with a clinician, that these movements were complex and that the complexity of the children's movements matched that of the clinician's movements. Importantly, the degree of this bodily coordination was related to higher social cognitive ability. This suggests children with ASD are embodying some degree of social competence during conversations. This study demonstrates the importance of further investigating the subtle but important bodily movement coordination that occurs during social interaction in children with ASD.
The article outlines the document production process in some Italian research institutions and compares it to the same pre-pandemic time span by analyzing whether or not the work organization models ...that have been adopted have had an impact on the completion time of administrative procedures. The aim was to verify the trend of the performance indicators after the pandemic impact and how the absence of employees at work may have influenced the organizational models. Within specific administrative realities, human relationship is often a pillar to carry out activities correctly. The transition to the management of remote procedures carried out totally in digital form caused inevitably important consequences on the expected results. KEYWORDS Covid-19; Work organization; Smart working; Document production. Il testo rileva la produzione documentale in alcune istituzioni di ricerca italiane raffrontandola con quella dello stesso arco cronologico pre pandemia analizzando nel contempo se i modelli di organizzazione del lavoro adottati abbiano avuto o meno riflessi sui tempi di conclusione dei procedimenti amministrativi. L'obiettivo e stato quello di verificare l'andamento degli indicatori delle performance a seguito dell'impatto pandemico e come la conseguente assenza dei dipendenti sul posto di lavoro possa aver influenzato i modelli organizzativi all'interno di specifiche realta amministrative dove il rapporto umano e spesso pilastro per il corretto svolgimento delle attivita. Il passaggio alla gestione dei procedimenti a distanza e svolta, conseguentemente, totalmente in forma digitale ha inevitabilmente portato conseguenze sui risultati attesi. PAROLE CHIAVE Covid-19; Organizzazione lavoro; Smart working; Produzione documentale.
Alignment in social interactions Gallotti, M.; Fairhurst, M.T.; Frith, C.D.
Consciousness and cognition,
February 2017, 2017-02-00, 20170201, Letnik:
48
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
•A new approach to social cognition in terms of mental alignment is proposed.•The dynamic and graded exchange of information between agents creates alignment.•Not all forms of joint action in which ...the agents align will turn out to be social interactions.•Shared goals are not needed for mutual alignment to occur.•Two important theoretical developments follow from focusing on processes of mental alignment.
According to the prevailing paradigm in social-cognitive neuroscience, the mental states of individuals become shared when they adapt to each other in the pursuit of a shared goal. We challenge this view by proposing an alternative approach to the cognitive foundations of social interactions. The central claim of this paper is that social cognition concerns the graded and dynamic process of alignment of individual minds, even in the absence of a shared goal. When individuals reciprocally exchange information about each other's minds processes of alignment unfold over time and across space, creating a social interaction. Not all cases of joint action involve such reciprocal exchange of information. To understand the nature of social interactions, then, we propose that attention should be focused on the manner in which people align words and thoughts, bodily postures and movements, in order to take one another into account and to make full use of socially relevant information.
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