Članak prati ekspanziju Građevnog kombinata Međimurje iz Čakovca od njegova nastanka u 1960-ima do vrhunca svog poslovnog razvoja na samom kraju 1970-ih. S jedne strane članak predstavlja zanimljivu ...povijest tehnokracije, poduzetništva i poslovnog razvoja u vrijeme deregulirane planske ekonomije. S druge priča o modernizacijskom iskustvu jugoslavenske agrarne periferije i provincijalnog grada na samim marginama političkog interesa Beograda i Zagreba. Ovo istraživanje, između ostalog, ističe najvažnije karakteristike stvaranja velikih poslovnih sustava u samoupravljanju, a istovremeno proučava odnose i interakciju između poslovne i političke domene na lokalnoj razini. Također posredno preispituje uspjeh tržišne reforme u Jugoslaviji i istražuje odnose između poduzeća i Partije.
The article traces the expansion of a Čakovec-based construction enterprise Građevni kombinat Međimurje from its formation in the 1960s until it reached the peak of its business growth at the very end of the 1970s. On one hand, it is a compelling history of technocracy, entrepreneurship, and business development in a deregulated semi-planned economy. On the other, it is the story of the modernisation of Yugoslav agricultural periphery and the transformative experience of a provincial city on the fringes of Belgrade’s or Zagreb’s political interests. Among other things, the research underlines some of the most relevant characteristics related to the formation of large business systems in self-management. It scrutinises the relations and interactions between business and politics on a local level. Indirectly, the article questions the success of the market reform in Yugoslavia and seeks the boundary between the company and the Party.
This paper examines the relations between the two largest Yugoslav republics, Serbia and Croatia, through the political orientation of their leading reformist structures in the period from when they ...came to power in late 1968 to the forced resignation of the Croatian leadership in December 1971. Starting from the common strategic goals of the reform-oriented leaderships of Marko Nikezić and Savka Dabčević Kučar, the relations of official Belgrade and Zagreb fluctuated from alliance based on common interests, compatible constitutional and market goals, mutual defence from the arbitrary actions of the federal political centre, the need to expand the reformist base in society, the operationalisation of ‘clean slate’ politics, and a desire for the further liberalisation and democratisation of Yugoslav self-governing socialism to misunderstandings regarding the decentralisation of financial capital, different political methodologies, and different approaches to Tito. From the Tenth Session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Croatia to the Seventeenth Session of the Presidency of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, Marko Nikezić’s leadership showed a much higher degree of understanding for the political challenges that were coming from the reformist political leadership in Zagreb compared to the conservatives in Belgrade, who expected that Serbia would return to the role of the key ‘guardian’ of Yugoslavia. Still, a change in the political course took place when Tito, using the principle of ‘democratic centralism’, decided to defend the decentralised state through a recentralised, monopolist party. Reformist advocates of a more decisive modernisation of Yugoslav socialism were stigmatised as a disruptive factor. For this reason, at the Twenty-First Session of the Presidency of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in Karađorđevo, Nikezić’s leadership remained alone in its disagreement with the forcible removal of leading figures of the Croatian Central Committee, knowing that the suppression of the Croatian Spring would open the way towards a permanent change of course and the re-Stalinisation of political conditions in the country as well as the complication of Croatian-Serbian relations in the future.
Based on the contemporaneous and recent (domestic and foreign) literature and spatial plans, this paper examines the relationship between touristic and spatial planning in Croatia and Yugoslavia in ...the 1960s. The relationship is determined using the analytical-interpretative method of the then socio-political system, tourism and spatial policy, social planning, administrative bodies, institutions specialised for planning, tourist traffic, produced spatial plans, the intensity of building accommodation capacity, etc. In the first period after the end of the war, tourism developed in an uncontrolled manner because it was not the subject of coordinated socio-economic and spatial plans. Due to a growing interest for the inflow of foreign currencies from foreign tourists, tourism gradually gained significance and was regularly given priority in development plans. The new approach to spatial planning was most visible in the developed methodology of spatial plan production and the hotel architecture and constructed hotel complexes. Since the Croatian coast had the longest Adriatic shoreline in the then Yugoslavia, the longest tradition of tourism, and was the flagship among the republics in tourism development projections and the spatial planning of tourism (because of the developed methodology of plan production), the largest number of touristic spatial plans during the socialist period were made for the Croatian Adriatic coast (on multiple levels), and the greatest investments were made in building hotel capacity there. Despite the initial idea of developing tourism and equal accommodation options for all, the new tourism planning model transformed away from this basic idea and gave priority to exponential economic growth. This new approach to tourism was most visible through the establishment of a new network of organisations and institutions for planning tourism and tourism planning in a broader spatial context rather than only on the level of individual investments. All factors regarding the implementation of social plans could not have been taken into account because all the administrative and reorganisation factors as well as the dramatic events of the socio-political and economic system as a whole that took place in the 1990s could not have been predicted. The proper methodological steps for continued and coordinated planning in the 1960s introduced significant changes into the system of touristic and spatial planning. After the implementation of the plans began, the complexities of planning (numerous unpredictable factors) that influenced their realisation became apparent. The practice of planning was further complicated because plans often acted in an abstract and contradictory manner in a political system that had a limited capacity for realising quality—and in some cases utopian—plans.
The article provides an overview of the organisational development of the Yugoslav People’s Army (YPA) in the Socialist Republic of Croatia (SRC) during the 1960s. The organisational development of ...YPA units in the SRC was generally almost identical to that of YPA units in the other Yugoslav republics. The development of the Navy, however, was different. There were several organisational changes that affected the YPA units in the SRC in this period. The first of these was the plan ‘Drvar’ in 1959, which introduced many new organisational forms inspired by experiences from Yugoslav Partisan warfare in World War II and by war in expected nuclear conditions. Due to some radical solutions that actually burdened the functioning of the YPA, a new organisational plan, ‘Drvar II’, was introduced in 1964 to amend this. It was followed by further reorganisations: one in 1965, which adjusted the names and traditions of the Partisan units and existing YPA units, another in 1966–1968, entitled ‘Snaga’ (Power), which led to the downsizing of the YPA following the notion in the highest Yugoslav military circles that foreign aggression was only possible from the NATO side. The sudden Warsaw Pact aggression on Czechoslovakia in August 1968 brought change in the Yugoslav perception of possible aggressors, which now included the neighbouring communist countries. This led to another organisational change entitled ‘Snaga II’. Looking from a distance, it seems that organisational changes in the YPA during the 1960s were endless. The article also notes the YPA turn to the Soviet Union for the purchasing of the modern military equipment, ranging from main battle tanks to supersonic fighters. It was written on the basis of the still-restricted sources of the Yugoslav General Staff that are kept in the Organisational Department of the Republic of Serbia’s Ministry of Defence.
U članku se opisuju i razlažu nastanak i djelovanje Pododbora Matice hrvatske u Osijeku od njegova osnutka 1936. do prisilnoga gašenja 1945., uzimajući u obzir da su ranije objavljene pregledne ...sinteze djelovanja Matice hrvatske u Osijeku izostavile to razdoblje iz svoga fokusa, držeći 1961. godinom prvoga osnutka Matičina pododbora (ogranka) u Osijeku. Analiza ima uporište u metodološkoj paradigmi intelektualne povijesti, s kontekstualizacijom protagonista i aktivnosti osječkoga Pododbora Matice hrvatske u široj intelektualnoj mreži grada Osijeka, organizacijske strukture Matice hrvatske i srodnih društava unutar društveno-političke zbilje u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji i Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj te intelektualnih gibanja unutar europskoga prostora toga vremena. Zbog nedostatne količine izvorne građe za kasnije referentno razdoblje, ponajviše prostora zauzima raščlamba prvih dviju godina djelovanja Pododbora Matice hrvatske u Osijeku, dok se nedostatak izvora za razdoblje Nezavisne Države Hrvatske pokušava supstituirati analizom časopisa Hrvatski sjever iz 1944.
Članek obravnava obdobje izseljevanja na Slovenskem od konca druge svetovne vojne do začetka šestdesetih let 20. stoletja, v katerem je poleg omejenih možnosti legalnega prehoda prevladovala oblika ...prebežništva oziroma ilegalnega prehajanja zahodne in severne meje. Izseljevanje in prebežništvo so povzročali številni dejavniki, ki so vsebinsko integralno najbolj natančno opisani v pisnih, ustnih in drugih avto/ biografskih pričevanjih akterjev dogajanja. Da bi osvetlil kompleksnost vzrokov za odhajanja med mladimi v obravnavanem obdobju, članek temelji na pregledu in primerjalni analizi osebnih izkušenj prebežništva in izseljevanja izbranih posameznikov.
Avtorja v članku predstavljata Adamičevo vlogo v drugi svetovni vojni, v kateri je deloval v okviru ameriških organizacij, kakršni sta bili Commom Council for American Unity in Vladna komisija za ...narodno obrambo. Pri tem se je zavzemal za upoštevanje etnične raznolikosti ameriškega prebivalstva pri aktiviranju v vojnih naporih ZDA. Adamič je bil tudi vodilni član organizacij ameriških južnoslovanskih izseljencev, kakršna sta bila Združeni odbor južnoslovanskih Američanov in Slovenski ameriški narodni svet. Ker novejša ameriška literatura delovanje jugoslovanskih Američanov med drugo svetovno vojno obravnava zlasti kot problem nacionalne varnosti ZDA, nam odkriva doslej še ne razkrito plat delovanja Louisa Adamiča.
Statistički godišnjak je bil letni popis statistike v Kraljevini Jugoslaviji. Izhajal je med leti 1929, ko Kraljevina Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev postala Kraljevina Jugoslavija pod taktirko ...Aleksandra I. Karađorđevića in 1939, ko se je začela 2. svetovna vojna. V sebi skriva zanimive statistične podatke za vse takratne banovine – Dravsko (sedež Ljubljana), Savsko (sedež Zagreb), Primorsko (sedež Split), Vrbaško (sedež Banja Luka), Zetsko (sedež Cetinje), Drinsko (sedež Sarajevo), Donavsko (sedež Novi Sad), Moravsko (sedež Niš), Vardarsko (sedež Skopje), vključno s sedežem kraljevine, Upravo mesta Beograd. V srbskem in francoskem jeziku pisana statistika zajema klimatsko-vremenske statistike, popis prebivalstva, izseljevanje, ekonomsko stanje, kmetijstvo, industrijo, promet, turizem, kulturo, državno upravniške informacije itd. Pri radiu je zanimiv podatek, da je bila Ljubljana radijsko precej napredna, predvsem kar se tiče glasbe, saj popis beleži veliko število glasbenih radijskih koncertov
Statistički godišnjak je bil letni popis statistike v Kraljevini Jugoslaviji. Izhajal je med leti 1929, ko Kraljevina Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev postala Kraljevina Jugoslavija pod taktirko ...Aleksandra I. Karađorđevića in 1939, ko se je začela 2. svetovna vojna. V sebi skriva zanimive statistične podatke za vse takratne banovine – Dravsko (sedež Ljubljana), Savsko (sedež Zagreb), Primorsko (sedež Split), Vrbaško (sedež Banja Luka), Zetsko (sedež Cetinje), Drinsko (sedež Sarajevo), Donavsko (sedež Novi Sad), Moravsko (sedež Niš), Vardarsko (sedež Skopje), vključno s sedežem kraljevine, Upravo mesta Beograd. V srbskem in francoskem jeziku pisana statistika zajema klimatsko-vremenske statistike, popis prebivalstva, izseljevanje, ekonomsko stanje, kmetijstvo, industrijo, promet, turizem, kulturo, državno upravniške informacije itd. Pri radiu je zanimiv podatek, da je bila Ljubljana radijsko precej napredna, predvsem kar se tiče glasbe, saj popis beleži veliko število glasbenih radijskih koncertov
Statistički godišnjak je bil letni popis statistike v Kraljevini Jugoslaviji. Izhajal je med leti 1929, ko Kraljevina Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev postala Kraljevina Jugoslavija pod taktirko ...Aleksandra I. Karađorđevića in 1939, ko se je začela 2. svetovna vojna. V sebi skriva zanimive statistične podatke za vse takratne banovine – Dravsko (sedež Ljubljana), Savsko (sedež Zagreb), Primorsko (sedež Split), Vrbaško (sedež Banja Luka), Zetsko (sedež Cetinje), Drinsko (sedež Sarajevo), Donavsko (sedež Novi Sad), Moravsko (sedež Niš), Vardarsko (sedež Skopje), vključno s sedežem kraljevine, Upravo mesta Beograd. V srbskem in francoskem jeziku pisana statistika zajema klimatsko-vremenske statistike, popis prebivalstva, izseljevanje, ekonomsko stanje, kmetijstvo, industrijo, promet, turizem, kulturo, državno upravniške informacije itd. Pri radiu je zanimiv podatek, da je bila Ljubljana radijsko precej napredna, predvsem kar se tiče glasbe, saj popis beleži veliko število glasbenih radijskih koncertov
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