Discussion: Evaluation of the perennial philosophy within the specific context of psychology and its relevance for the healing process in medicine in three dimensions: 1) Love for oneself and others ...as an intimate and immediate way to encounter divinity, reality and (self-) consciousness; 2) the courage to be as the willingness to step forward and claim one's own happiness and joy in life and 3) sexuality as an integral part of human nature and the base to a sustainable and respectful dealing with environmental nature as a whole. Lord Krishna, 5000 BCE From time to time, when we meet poetry, art, philosophy, literature or science, there is a feeling of something eternal, true and endlessly beautiful, something that touches our innermost soul, something that reminds us of the most innocent, fresh and wild nature, our mother's love, childhood joy, something eternally human and wonderful beyond description. The perennial philosophy is an explanation of human reality, our basic conditions for existence, the rules that apply for human life and a description of the understanding and way of living that leads to happiness, physical, mental, sexual and spiritual health, free access to our talents, ability to love and good social relations, a productive and satisfying work life, and all the other valuable and important things in life. ...as normal human beings, we see the world as we think it, and our thinking is bound by our personal history.
Myth or history, the origin of civilization was ascribed in the Hebrew scriptures to the first couple, Adam and Eve, and to the intergenerational saga of their descendants. Civilization has been a ...concern of psychoanalysts since the time of Freud and Jung, the fathers of depth psychology. In their mature years, they applied their theories and observations of human nature to the tumultuous events of the First and Second World Wars. Taking their cues, the author utilizes key concepts and insights from family therapy on couple conflict as a lens for analyzing international relations, with the goal for finding their parallels on the dynamics of strife and turmoil in our time and with the premise that the world could be seen as the human family writ large. The article explores how principles for couple analysis - respecting differences, boundaries, history, recognizing stress and transitions and congruent communication - can be transposed to international relations.
► This conceptual study examines the phenomenon of deviant tourist behavior. ► The study applies the perspective of psychodynamic sociology. ► The analysis focuses on theories of Freud and Jung. ► ...The study concludes that unconscious drives can lead to either deviant or normative behavior.
The current article conceptualizes the phenomenon of deviant tourist behavior from the perspective of psychodynamic sociology. The analysis suggests that various unconscious drives can either be gratified by normative tourist activities that involve adaptive defense mechanisms or lead to deviant tourist behaviors that entail distorting defense mechanisms. This argument is illustrated with respect the following unconscious needs: Sigmund Freud’s Id instincts of sex and of aggression, his notion of social rules internalized in the Superego and the archetypes of the hero and of the lost paradise that derive from Carl Jung’s theory. The conceptual analysis is discussed in light of recent theoretical developments within and beyond tourism scholarship.
Resumo Este artigo trata do caso de Adelina Gomes (1916-1984), interna no antigo Centro Psiquiátrico Nacional do Engenho de Dentro, no Rio de Janeiro, entre 1937 e 1984, ano de seu falecimento. ...Adelina tornou-se conhecida pela produção de mais de 17.500 obras, entre pinturas e esculturas. Tal material pôde existir graças à atuação da psiquiatra alagoana Nise da Silveira (1905-1999), responsável pelo pioneirismo na implementação terapêutica de oficinas expressivas no hospital em questão. O caso clínico da paciente, tal como analisado por sua terapeuta, é utilizado para explorar o modo pelo qual os problemas de gênero e de sexualidade se imprimiam nas instituições psiquiátricas e nos saberes médico-psicológicos durante o século XX, com especial referência à psicologia analítica de C.G. Jung e sua apropriação por Nise da Silveira. A partir de análise de documentos bibliográficos, sustenta-se que esse saber, embora diferenciando-se da psicanálise freudiana e da medicina somática, opera a partir de uma naturalização em relação ao estatuto do feminino.
Resumen El artículo aborda el caso de Adelina Gomes (1916-1984), interna en el antiguo Centro Psiquiátrico Nacional de Engenho de Dentro, en Río de Janeiro, entre 1937 y 1984, año de su fallecimiento. Adelina se hizo conocida por la producción de más de 17.500 obras, entre pinturas y esculturas. Tal material pudo existir gracias a la actuación de la psiquiatra alagoana Nise da Silveira (1905-1999), responsable por el pionerismo en la implementación terapéutica de talleres expresivos en el hospital en cuestión. El caso clínico de la paciente, tal como analizado por su terapeuta, se utiliza para explorar el modo por el cual los problemas de género y de sexualidad se imprimían en las instituciones psiquiátricas y en los saberes médico-psicológicos durante el siglo XX, con especial referencia a la psicología analítica de C. G. Jung y su apropiación por Nise da Silveira. A partir del análisis de documentos bibliográficos, se sostiene que ese saber, aunque diferenciándose del psicoanálisis freudiano y de la medicina somática, opera a partir de una naturalización en relación al estatuto del femenino.
Abstract The case of Adelina Gomes (1916-1984) is analyzed in this article. She was an intern in the old National Psychiatric Center of Engenho de Dentro, in Rio de Janeiro, between 1937 and 1984, the year of her death. Adelina became known for producing more than 17,500 works, including paintings and sculptures. These materials could only exist due to the action of the Alagoas born psychiatrist Nise da Silveira (1905-1999), responsible for pioneering in the therapeutic implementation of expressive workshops in the referred hospital. The clinical case report of the patient, as analyzed by her therapist, is used to explore the way in which issues of gender and sexuality were imprinted in psychiatric institutions and medical-psychological knowledges during the twentieth century, with special reference to the analytical psychology of C. G. Jung and its appropriation by Nise da Silveira. Through the analysis of bibliographic documents, it is arguented that this knowledge, although differing from Freudian psychoanalysis and somatic medicine, operates a naturalization in the statute of the feminine.
This work analyzes Octavio Paz’s poem “¿No hay salida?” (Is there no way out?) using the theory of imaginary, established by French thinker Gilbert Durand. In Durand’s conception of imaginary, ...diurnal and nocturnal orders of the image, which are largely characterized by opposing structures, processes and isotopic image constellations, have a decisive place. When the Mexican poet wrote the poem, he was in Japan on a diplomatic mission and going through a period of financial, family and psychological problems. Our analysis shows that Paz’s efforts to cope with his personal situation are reflected in his poetry through images. In this context, images that evoke destructive time, deterioration and death come to the fore, as well as the tendency to protect oneself from them through nocturnal order images that suggest isolation and privacy. I also utilized Carl Gustav Jung’s Analytical Psychology, as a source pertaining to the theory of imaginary, to interpret the image of the mandala. According to Jung, this symbol expresses the wholeness of the psyche and it serves in a defensive way for those who are affected by fragmentation. In parallel with this approach, mandala appears in the poem as an image that reflects the integrative function of unconscious origin.
O artigo apresenta algumas das reflexões produzidas por Carl Gustav Jung no que se refere à relação entre o individuo e a sociedade, e verifica as contribuições que ele traz para entendermos melhor o ...nosso tempo e os processos de formação e o desenvolvimento humano. Essa polaridade tem importância fundamental na compreensão de nos mesmos e do nosso dever-ser, sobretudo porque tendemos normalmente para um ou outro extremo da tensão. Hoje, segundo seu diagnostico, predomina a tendência da identificação com alguma função coletiva, definhando o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento pessoal. Importa, assim, primordialmente ajustar-se e identificar-se com um papel social oferecido pela comunidade da qual participamos; e a educação contribui com esse ideal de ajustamento e conformidade. O desafio, por isso, é a integração entre o mundo interno e o mundo externo, com o desenvolvimento da pessoa a partir da comunhão entre seus diversos aspectos, inclusive das suas sombras. É o processo de individuação, por meio do qual ha a aproximação com o ideal arquetipico do Si-Mesmo. Logo, não se trata de negligenciar o desenvolvimento social, mas de associar a ele o apelo que vem da singularidade, integrando as duas exigências em um todo mais elevado.
Purpose of the article: To review recent research into the connection between brand archetypes and masculinity archetypes in advertising and assess them from a consumer engagement perspective. The ...study focused primarily on two main questions. The first was to find out which brand archetypes and masculinity archetypes are the most common in advertisements concentrating on traditional and modern masculinity. The second main question was to find out which brand and masculinity archetypes get more approval from the consumers and which have more positive feedback.Methodology/methods: The researchers used qualitative content analysis, video content analysis, and sentiment analysis. The qualitative content analysis was conducted using the Nvivo 11 qualitative data analysis software to help organise, analyse, and find relevant insights in the text. The authors chose to have a mixed content analysis of conventional and direct content analysis. The qualitative content and sentiment analysis were used to analyse consumer opinions from 2400 YouTube comments on certain advertisements where masculinity is identified as a critical concept.Scientific aim: To see whether the brand archetype theory and masculinity archetype theory are compatible in analysing consumer opinions about masculinity advertisements.Findings: The results from the video content analysis show that the most common brand archetypes in masculinity advertisements are the Caregiver, Ruler, Lover, and Hero. Regarding masculinity archetypes, the most common ones are the King, Lover, and Warrior.Conclusions: The most positive consumer discourse was for the advertisements with the Lover, Creator, Everyman, Explorer, and Hero brand archetypes. Concerning masculinity archetypes, the most positive consumer discourse was with the Lover and Warrior masculinity archetypes.
As the first two decades of the 20th century unfolded, clinical psychologists, who had until then been mainly associated with intelligence testing, attempted to implement a specific psychological ...method-Carl Gustav Jung's (1875-1961) word-association "test"-in individual personality assessments. As one of the early clinical psychologists who attempted to use the method, Carl Ransom Rogers (1902-1987) is conspicuously absent from the historiography of clinical psychological testing. In fact, historians have recently suggested that we are lacking narratives about Rogers' early ideas and techniques in the context of both the development of clinical psychology and the emergence of psychological testing as clinicians' foremost scholarly activity. In light of the above, this paper pursues two main goals. First, it attempts to reconstruct Rogers' first original research project on emotional adjustment testing in young children in the broader context of the development of word-association tests as carried out by Jung and Whately Smith (1892-1947). Second, it aims to reconstruct Rogers' earliest theoretical ideas as well as his epistemological assumptions regarding test objectivity, validity and reliability. By drawing on unpublished documents and heretofore overlooked primary sources I show that although Rogers initially drew from Jung and Smith's complex and refined tradition, he ultimately rejected it as well as the tests themselves. At first drawn to Smith's quantitative, empiricist and experimental philosophy of psychology, Rogers was deterred when the data gathered through his own research in 1927 suggested that word association tests had no real, effective clinical value when used in children. By showcasing the complex process of test construction and validation undertaken by 1920s clinical psychologists, Rogers' case illustrates the research practices, the methodological problems and the epistemological dilemmas faced by most if not all of his contemporaries.
While dreaming has garnered considerable attention as part of the discourse of modernity, waking dreams, dreams in which waking consciousness is present, have been considerably overlooked by ...humanities scholars. Walter Benjamin and Carl Jung were two theorists of modernity who sought alternate epistemologies to counter the homogenizing force of pure reason felt to dominate modern life, and wakeful dreaming played a crucial role in their respective projects. The similarities in their interests in dreams, however, are comprehensible only in light of the widely divergent conceptualizations of subjectivity and the messianic that undergird their writings. These profound differences indicate the epistemological breadth of waking dreams in the modern era.
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