This work explores how the tragic poets, by means of snake imagery, convey the notion of disease. Moreover, it examines how snake imagery contributes to the process of healing through the emotion of ...fear that it triggers. My analysis of the tragedies in which the three main tragedians employ snake imagery builds upon findings from ancient authors that refer to snakes and their characteristics, and upon the findings of contemporary scholars. My overall method relies on tools from structuralism and psycholinguistics. Through snake imagery the tragic poets portray disease as it manifests itself through arrogance, deception, physical pain, and madness. For this purpose the poets employ images inspired by the particular anatomy and behavior of the snake. Within the context of tragedy, and through the fear that it triggers, the snake imagery encourages self-knowledge and healing through self-correction.
There have been many works in the last two decades dealing with literary criticism of the Bible and the Bible as literature. Much work has already been done in the areas of typology and Old Testament ...quotation in the New Testament. However, there has been little research combining the fields of archetypal criticism with an approach to the New Testament's use of the Old Testament. The present work seeks to identify and critique Frye's archetypal criticism and then to recoup certain aspects of it as a tool to nuance the understanding of the use of typology by New Testament writers in some of their quotations and allusions to the Old Testament. This is accomplished through a review of the personal and historical context in which Frye produced his archetypal criticism. Next is a summary of the specific presuppositions, methods, and principles of Frye's criticism through an examination of Frye's key writings on criticism and on the Bible. A critical evaluation of his criticism from a Reformed perspective reveals that Frye's archetypal criticism, while helpful, follows an anthropocentric radically metaphorical ahistorical bent which leads to a counterfeit on the truth of the legitimate archetypal patterns found in the Bible. A positive recouping of his insights for Biblical studies and for the New Testament's use of the Old Testament is achieved by subsuming his theory under a Biblical worldview that stresses the sovereignty of God. This sanctified version of Frye's typological approach is dubbed "archetypology" which includes typical typological patterns but extends these patterns to include narrative structural patterns. This demonstrates that the monomyth of Jesus can be seen as the center of the Bible with Israel and the Church as analogically reflective of Jesus as displaced myths. Finally, three New Testament test cases (Matt 2:15; 1 Cor 10:1-11; 1 Pet 3:18-22) are examined to demonstrate the fruitfulness of archetypology as a valuable tool for extending and deepening the use of typology for understanding some uses of the Old Testament in the New Testament.
This production thesis utilizes an artistic-creative methodology through the workings of both heuristic and hermeneutical approaches to explore the function of story—how we are told stories and how ...we retell them—throughout an individual’s life. Furthermore, this thesis examines their role and effect on the mental-emotional realm. Through the craft of creating her own personal fairy tale by way of active imagination, the author offers an example of working with archetypal images (common to the author as well as the collective) to come into contact with unconscious drives and shadow impulses, confront their intentions, and ultimately come to resolution over their tensions, resulting in psychological transformation. This thesis offers a look into the importance of play, the imaginal realm, and the endless nature of meaning making and their relationship to healing.
In J.R.R. Tolkien's source texts, which include Old English and Norse poetry, medieval romances, and other stories, characters are driven by desires for honor, protecting others, treasure, and ...revenge. Those drives have drastic consequences, for good or bad, depending on whether the desires are originally positive or negative. Tolkien takes those themes of desire and weaves them into both The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, two novels centered on war and its aftermath. By using the One Ring of Power as the ultimate symbol of negative desire, Tolkien indicates that individuals and nations facing both physical and metaphorical wars ought to balance their wants on others rather than themselves to avoid causing undue pain and misery. Nations and their citizens who control their wishes enjoy psychological well-being and often enjoy longevity and prosperity whereas more self-centered nations and individuals face losing their wealth and ultimately face death.
This is a fictionalized autobiographical dissertation that conceptually explores the intersection of myth and curriculum through the lenses of my lived experiences. It is a qualitative inquiry ...structured around the 17 stages of the hero’s journey as described by Joseph Campbell (1949) in "The Hero with a Thousand Faces". Campbell’s study of comparative mythology inspired his view that there is an overall pattern in myths around the world that fulfills, in part, a pedagogic function. This pattern, which he calls the "monomyth", is organized into three sections. The first section, which Campbell labels "departure", contains five stages that a hero character typically navigates in preparation for more difficult psychological inner work. The second section, named "initiation", contains six stages and deals with how the character, through a period of trials, transcends his or her epistemological boundaries. The final section, "return", discusses through six stages how the hero returns and integrates into society bearing the gift of his or her newfound knowledge. The chapters in this dissertation match Campbell’s stages conceptually. Methodologically, the dissertation is eclectic, utilizing narrative inquiry, auto-ethnography, and phenomenology to interpret the curriculum of my own life experiences as a student of public education, an educator, member of society, and a human being according to the stages of Campbell’s hero’s journey. The inquiry examines how ancient myths and contemporary narrative structures intersect with my own meanings and interrogates the impact of my own socialization. The purpose of the dissertation is to consider the potential for a spiritualized, subjective curriculum focusing on the development of self and to critique current market-based education ‘reforms.’ This is offered as a substantive and methodological contribution to the field of curriculum studies, in part because Campbell’s hero journey has not been fully explored as a pedagogical and curricular resource.
This hermeneutic study utilizes two novels, Moby Dick (Melville, 1851/2002) and Ahab's Wife (Jeter-Naslund, 1999), to explore how the archetype of the old salt works to facilitate conscious ...understanding of our relationship with nature. It proposes that the difference between a wise old man, or woman, and an "old salt" is how we experience our relationship with nature; that we all have within us inherent seeds to become wise old salts and that these seeds are cultivated through a close, authentic relationship with the sea and animated nature, the anima mundi. Distinctive insights are offered by female and male old salts, which inform us about our relationship to the anima mundi. The old salt is an archetype dating back to antiquity—still living among us today. A powerful nautical image and symbol of wisdom, this archetype offers a vessel for sailing the unpredictable seas of psyche toward a more conscious understanding of the animated world and our relationship with it. However, full passage, or an authentic, conscious awakening to the wisdom this archetype offers, cannot be obtained if the voyager is content viewing nature through a closed window, or a linear perspective. Carl Jung has informed Western civilization that we are in need of becoming more acquainted with the soul of nature, our roots and ancestral spirits. He has alerted us that in a tendency to over focus on technological quests we are losing connection with nature. Jung related many "accidents" and problems in today's world to our not understanding the interrelationship we have with nature, pointing out how we unconsciously go against her because we have forgotten that we are also part of nature. Conscious awareness of the interrelationship we have with nature, coupled with authentic understanding of the masculine and feminine principles that collaborate in the anima mundi to cultivate her wisdom, are crucial tools and a necessity for the development and maintenance of psychological balance, well being and soulful growth. In the stories we tell about our relationship with nature our myths are revealed and consciousness allows full passage into old salt wisdom from the sea of psyche.
Over the last fifteen years, nearly no story has dominated American popular culture like the superhero narrative has. It has come to captivate and entertain billions of people around the world. ...However, this narrative actually has its roots planted firmly in the past. The ever-changing superhero narrative has drawn on classic American mythology such as the frontier myth as conceptualized by Fredrick Jackson Turner. Tracing the idea of the American superhero from its inception in late 1930s America to post-Vietnam America reveals why the mythic American superhero has outlasted similar stories and myths of the past; the creators and contributors of the superhero narrative have adapted it after every major American conflict. In the 1930s, superheroes battled social injustice and inequality. In the 1940s, they battled the international threats of World War II. After that, they battled the Red Scare of the Cold War, before turning back to social injustice during and after the Vietnam War. The heroes that still reach into the minds of American and international audiences alike do so because they have endured a crucible of cultural change that has produced a new variation on traditional American myths.
Esta investigación entrelaza el análisis de la figura del héroe, extraída de la obra Poema del Cid, con la creación de un texto dramático y su puesta en escena. Se desarrollan, en una primera parte, ...los fundamentos psíquicos y míticos del héroe y las posibilidades dramáticas de El Cid para rescatar su impronta épica en el mundo contemporáneo. En una segunda parte se describe el proceso de escritura basado en El Cid, cuyo resultado es el texto Los Niños del Cid, abordando su poética, estructura dramática y las diez secuencias-escenas que lo conforman. El presente documento se refiere al proceso de traducción escénica de la Compañía de Teatro Los Niños del Cid, que consiste en la ejercitación, producción y realización de una puesta en escena transmedial entendido como un proceso artístico multidisciplinario, es decir que genera un cruce de disciplinas artísticas (teatro, artes visuales, música y tecnología), plasmando de esta manera características que posee el discurso en sí, vale decir la ausencia y la necesidad de recuperación del héroe en una época actual que definiremos y fundamentaremos como transmoderna, en otras palabras la estructuración de una maquinaria expresiva transmedial está en estrecha relación con el mundo contemporáneo en el que nos encontramos actualmente, la proliferación de los medios de comunicación y los estímulos que de éstos nace, y esta característica tomada del mundo contemporáneo es cruzada con una historia épica, generando una tensión dramática que hace validarla también en un mundo contemporáneo, es decir permitir que pueda existir en una sumatoria medios actuales, y no sólo eso, si no que la rescata, sumergiéndose en esa época e interpretándola mediante un tratamiento escénico que estructura diferentes medios expresivos, teniendo por principal, el medio escénico.
This Doctor of Ministry Project was designed to condition men in spiritual warfare and prepare them for battle ready leadership. The project also sought to incorporate the valid topic of spiritual ...warfare into a local church's leadership curriculum. The project was administered over a period of six weeks in one local Bible church among a group of thirty men, ages eighteen through sixty, of different backgrounds and levels of spiritual growth. The plan for this project was to set forth one overarching goal with four objectives. The goal was to build knowledge of the basic biblical principles of spiritual warfare in order to raise awareness of the spiritual battle, dispel ignorance, and prepare men to submit biblically designed personal battle strategies. The project report begins with an overview of the four spiritual warfare models, identifying the classical model as the one most aligned with this project. Following the overview, the report presents some cultural and philosophical encumbrances to spiritual warfare as well as the importance of thinking Christianly and of trusting in the sufficiency of Scripture to secure a strong theological foundation for spiritual conflict. After this foundational information, the actual project consists of two sections. The first section relates the implementation of steps in the pedagogical process: lecturing, questioning, reading, journaling, and partnering. The second part of the project introduces the main measuring instrument used in evaluation: Journaling on the Run. These daily journaling exercises were designed to expand the understanding of each student and probe the heart. The journaling booklets provided the majority of affective data to determine goal accomplishment. The key conclusion of this project is that when the men were given the basic principles of spiritual warfare as delineated from Scripture, they were more able to identify temptations and Satanic lies. The men were also more confident to identify the specific Scriptures to use in resistance of the devil. The project results reveal that twenty-seven men submitted their own uniquely designed personal battle strategies against the world, the flesh, and Satan, thus satisfactorily fulfilling this project's overarching goal. Consequently, after collecting and synthesizing the raw data against the goal and objectives of this project, it became evident that this study did raise awareness, dispel ignorance, and begin to prepare men for battle ready leadership.
