The Rājataraṅgiṇīs of Jonarāja, Śrīvara and Śuka, the sequels of Kalhaṇa's famous Sanskrit chronicle compiled under the rule of the first Muslim dynasty in Kašmīr, the Šāhmīrids (1339-1561), are ...valuable contemporary records from the point of view of Brahmans in an Islamizing society in medieval South Asia. This paper aims to examine the authors' representations of Muslims. It particularly focuses on the usage of the terms such as 'Yavana,' 'Mleccha,' 'Turuṣka,' and 'Mausula.' Jonarāja principally depicts the people to whom the terms are applied as destroyers of Brahmanic social and moral order. Although his chronicle has a few accounts which seem to describe Muslims as believers in Islām, they are too vague for us to understand the extent of his comprehension of Islām. Śrīvara's references to Muslims are abundant. Based on his substantial knowledge of Islām, he contrasts Islām with the unified six darśana. Śuka's representations are less concrete than those of Śrīvara. Presumably, the cultural and political situation in Kašmīr in the fifteenth century stimulated Śrīvara to be aware of the differences between Islām and what he and other non-Muslims believed.
Ovaj rad govori o indijsko-pakistanskim odnosima, a u središtu je pozornosti njihov sukob koji je nastao osamostaljenjem od Britanije te podjelom teritorija na dvije države. U radu se daje povijesni ...pregled koji slijedi hipotezu da povijesni odnosi, u kombinaciji s trenutnim vodstvima tih dviju država, upućuju na mogućnost ponovnog izbijanja sukoba koji bi mogao prerasti u regionalni, pa čak i svjetski problem. Nadalje, daje se pregled trenutnih odnosa i savezništava sukobljenih strana. Nastavno na početnu hipotezu, prikazan je scenarij nuklearnog sukoba koji bi stvorio neizmjernu štetu za regije Kašmir i Džammu. One većinom industrijski ovise o prirodi, a upravo se oko njih vodi glavni sukob. U zaključku se nazire doza optimizma jer se velike sile najvjerojatnije neće direktno uključiti u mogući ratni sukob, no mnoge opasnosti ipak postoje. Povijest ukazuje na mogućnost da Indija i Pakistan zarate i po peti put. Moglo bi se očekivati da će provokacija rata ponovno doći s pakistanske strane, a trenutnom indijskom vodstvu ne bi dugo trebalo da na takvu provokaciju odgovori.
We argue that the pratyabhijñā (recognition) system of Kaśmir Śaivism holds an inconsistent position. On the one hand, the Pratyabhijñā regards Śiva as an impersonal mechanism and the universe, ...including persons, as not having agency; call this the Impersonal Component. On the other hand, it considers Śiva himself as a person, and individual persons as having agency sufficient to respond to Śiva; call this the Personal Component. We maintain that the Personal Component should be affirmed and the Impersonal Component rejected. The Impersonal Component's claim that Śiva is unaware of and unaffected by his manifestation should be rejected, and the doctrine of satkāryavāda should be modified. The universe is Śiva's manifestation, in the first instance, but it also has a relative autonomy from him. Moreover, humans have agency and freedom. Their actions effect Śiva. He grows and develops in response to his manifestation.
*Kashmir as a Borderland: The Politics of Space and Belonging across the Line of Control* examines the Kashmir dispute from both sides of the Line of Control (LoC) and within the theoretical frame of ...border studies. It draws on the experiences of those living in these territories such as divided families, traders, cultural and social activists. Kashmir is a borderland, that is, a context for spatial transformations, where the resulting interactions can be read as a process of ‘becoming’ rather than of ‘being’. The analysis of this borderland shows how the conflict is manifested in territory, in specific locations with a geopolitical meaning, evidencing the discrepancy between ‘representation’ and the ‘living’. The author puts forward the concept of belonging as a useful category for investigating more inclusive political spaces.
Caveolin-1 (CAV-1), encoding the structural component of cellular caveolae, is a suggested tumor suppressor gene involved in cell signalling. Aberrant promoter methylation of CAV-1 is associated with ...inactivation of expression. We previously observed CAV-1 mutations in breast cancers and therefore devised this study to examine the hypermethylation status of the promoter region of CAV-1 with reference to breast cancer progression and development.
Hypermethylation status of CAV-1 was analyzed by methylation specific PCR. Loss of expression of the CAV-1 gene was further evaluated by semi-quantitative rt-PCR.
28/130 (21.5%) breast cancer cases showed promoter hypermethylation with reduced CAV-1 expression levels when compared with adjacent normal breast tissue. CAV-1 gene hypermethylation was significantly related to menopausal status, histopathological grade and age.
The rationale of our study is that CAV-1 gene is transcriptionally repressed in breast cancer cells due to hypermethylation. Our results reveal that promoter hypermethylation and loss of expression of the CAV-1 gene is an important alternative mechanism for inactivation of CAV-1 leading to complete gene silencing.
Beginning with an introduction to the scriptural background of the Śaiva religion, this volume presents a translation accompanied by a re-edition of the Sanskrit text with the help of two manuscripts ...not consulted before, and a running commentary. A fragment of the Śrīkaṇṭī is transcribed in an appendix.
Bu çalışma Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesinde Şam (Damaskus) keçileri ve Alman Alaca x Kıl keçi (G,) melezleri ile yapılmıştır. Hayvanlar yarı entansif şartlar altında, yarı açık barınaklarda ...tutulmuşlardır. Her iki grup laktasyon süresince merada otlatılmış ve 600 g/keçi/gün kesif yem tüketmiştir. Keşmir 2005 yılı Şubat, Mart ve Nisan aylarında 15 gün ara ile taranarak hasat edilmiştir. Keşmir kıllarının çapı, visopan mikroskobu kullanılarak her keçinin 25 kılının ölçümü ile uzunluk ise cetvel yardımı ile ölçülmüştür. Çalışma sonunda Şam keçisi ve melezlerde ortalama incelik ve uzunluk, sırasıyla, 13,5 ± 0,1 um, 12,6 ±0,1 um ve 18,3 ± 0,2 cm, 18,5 ± 0,2 cm olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, incelik ve uzunluğun kıl dökümü zamanına göre değiştiği de saptanmıştır.
This study was carried out with Damascus (Shami) goats and German Fawn x Hair goat (B,) crossbreds at Mustafa Kemal University. Animals were housed in semi-open sheds under semi-intensive conditions. Both groups were fed 600 g/head per day of concentrate and grazed in a pasture during lactation. Moulted cashmere was harvested by combing in February, March, and April, 2005, at 14-day intervals. The dimensions of cashmere fibres were determined by measuring 25 cashmere fibres from each goat using a Visopan microscope; fibre length was measured with a ruler. Mean diameter and length of cashmere for Shami and the crossbreds was calculated as 13.5 ±0.1 urn and 18.3 ± 0.2 cm, and 12.6 ±0.1 urn and 18.5 ± 0.2 cm, respectively. Results also revealed that both diameter and length of cashmere showed considerable variation for. both genotypes across the moulting days during the season.
Society for the Anthropology of Work Jancius, Angela
Anthropology news (Arlington, Va.),
March 2008, 2008-03-00, Letnik:
49, Številka:
3
Journal Article
•SAW at the 2007 Annual Meeting •AWR Call for Papers Michael Chibnik
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