Introduction: Muscular fatigue can interfere with the proper functioning of postural stability strategies, hence decreasing stability and increasing the risk of injuries in athletes. The aim of this ...study is to examine the effect of training on head and neck stability against Tsuki punch during the neck muscle fatigue in male athletes.Materials and Methods: 24 professional male karate athletes were selected and randomly divided into the experimental n = 12, age: 20.92 ± 2.62 (y), weight: 71.00 ± 11.68 (kg), height: 1.77 ± 0.05 (m) and control n = 12, age: 22.08 ± 2.21 (y), weight: 72.15 ± 13.24 (kg), height: 1.78 ± 0.06 (m) groups. The experimental group performed a training program for eight weeks, three times per week. Moreover, the angular displacement and acceleration of head and neck in Tsuki punch during muscular fatigue were measured by motion analysis system before and after the training protocol. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, independent t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at the significance level of 0.05.Results: There was a significant difference in angular displacement (Experimental: 2.95 ± 1.85, Control: 4.15 ± 2.15) and acceleration before (Experimental: 16.29 ± 9.62, Control: 70.17 ± 12.23) and after (Experimental: 24.69 ± 15.98, Control: 70.86 ± 14.92) hitting the punching bag.Conclusion: The outcome of this study showed that proprioception training can improve head and neck postural stability during muscular fatigue against external perturbation in Karate athletes. Therefore, these exercises can be used to reduce the effect of external perturbation on the head and neck of these athletes.
The purpose of the work: to determine the impact of Kyokushinkai Karate classes on the ability to adapt to different physical activities of boys of 10-12 years of age during classes.
Material and ...methods. 78 boys of 10-12 years were surveyed, 27 of them expressed their desire to participate in the sports section of Kyokushinkai Karate (EG). CG (29) includes guys who do not have contraindications for playing sports. The essence of the forming experiment was to compare the growth rates of individual indicators of physical qualities, functional preparedness of children who attended the Kyokushinkai Karate training program (experimental group - EG) with children who were engaged in physical education only during physical culture lessons (control group - CG). During the year a monitoring examination of children is carried out to assess physical development, adaptation to exercise, adaptive potential of the circulatory system, the functional state of the apparatus of external respiration, the energy potential of the organism, physical fitness and methods of mathematical statistics.
Results. The plan of preparation of training groups on the basis of rational sequence of use of a set and volume of means and methods of physical education of normative part of the сurriculum "Kyokushinkai Karate" is presented. Adaptation processes occurring in the body of boys, during the acquisition of knowledge and skills within the walls of the school are determined by a number of educational, behavioral, everyday and other factors, each of which has a specific purposefulness to achieve a useful end result of learning. The course of study at school is undoubtedly accompanied by the adaptation of children to the new mode of study, rest, psychological and physical activity, and the question of the dynamics of indicators of functional systems of the child's organism came to the plane of our research.
Conclusion. In the course of the research, we came to the conclusion that the plan developed and implemented in the sports circles improves the adaptation capabilities of the boys of this age group during Kyokoshinkai karate classes.
The main aim of the study was to describe the key factors involved in the preparation process of the Brazilian bronze medal kata team for the 2019 Pan American Games, focusing on the athletes' ...perceptions.
Three male athletes from the Brazilian team performed a semistructured interview to identify the following topics: specific time for preparation, training organization, supplementary support, and perception and suggestion about the efficiency of the preparation process.
Data from interviews were gathered and coded, and the major themes were summarized as follows after performing content analysis of the data: (a) technical and tactical training took the major part of the preparation; (b) the high level of the coaches helped the team to reach the technical quality of the kata; (c) better psychological support during the preparation could improve the athletes' performance during the training and competition; and (d) the lack of financial support compromised the commitment of the athletes during the training routine.
We concluded, based on the athletes' perception, that the most positive factor during preparation for a major competition was the high amount of time focused on technical-tactical training. Even with limitations to performing the physical training, the athletes recognized the importance of the physical component, to increase performance. Financial and psychological support could have helped the team to reach a better result (gold medal) attenuating the training distress.
. Laterality is a widely studied phenomenon, but the factors involved in its development have not yet been clearly determined. However, mainly during childhood, several studies have shown that ...lateral dominance can be trained and modified. In various sports disciplines lateral dominance turns out to be a key factor in performance, so it is considered as such in training. Our objective is to examine the coaches' perception of the laterality treatment in karate training. We have used a descriptive quantitative methodology, carrying out a cross-sectional study based on the sample, applying an ad hoc designed questionnaire. 72 active coaches have agreed to participate in the study. Ambidextrism is the type of laterality that provides the most advantages at a competitive level according to coaches. The segment in which it is most common for athletes to undergo a forced lateral change is the foot. Such modification usually occurs mainly in those people who are right-handed, with the aim that they change to a left-handed lateral dominance. Most coaches who try to change the laterality of their athletes, do so when they are more than 7 years old, and usually when they are at a national competitive level. Coaches “almost always” perform balanced bilateral work in kumite and kata, considering it important to maintain this balance.
La lateralidad es un fenómeno ampliamente estudiado, pero aún no se han determinado claramente qué factores intervienen en su desarrollo. No obstante, fundamentalmente durante la niñez, varios estudios han demostrado que la dominancia lateral se puede llegar a entrenar y modificar, y en diversas disciplinas deportivas la dominancia lateral resulta ser un factor clave en el rendimiento, y se contempla como tal en los entrenamientos que se plantean. Nuestro objetivo es examinar la percepción de los entrenadores del tratamiento de la lateralidad en el entrenamiento del karate. Hemos empleado metodología cuantitativa de corte descriptivo, llevándose a cabo un estudio transversal basado en la muestra, aplicando un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc. Han accedido a participar en el estudio 72 entrenadores/as en activo. El ambidextrismo es el tipo de lateralidad que más ventajas aporta a nivel competitivo según los entrenadores/as. El segmento en el que es más común que los deportistas sufran un cambio de lateralidad forzada es el pie. Dicha modificación suele producirse mayoritariamente en aquellas personas que son diestras, con el objetivo de que cambien a una dominancia lateral zurda. La mayoría de entrenadores/as que intentar cambiar la lateralidad de sus deportistas lo hace a partir de los 8 años, pareciendo éste un momento óptimo para realizar el cambio, y normalmente cuando éstos se encuentran en nivel competitivo nacional. Los entrenadores/as “casi siempre” realizan un trabajo bilateral equilibrado en kumite y en kata, considerando importante mantener este balance.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of game-based karate training on learning basic karate skills and karate children's interest in physical activity. The statistical ...population of this research included all 6 to 8-year-old female karate players in Sowmeh Sara city, Iran and twenty subjects were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups of 10. The experimental group practiced game-based karate training for eight weeks. The training program was designed based on the principles of the Fundamental stage of the Canadian model of long-term development of athletes (LTAD) for karate sport. Physical activity enjoyment scale in children was used to measure children's interest in physical activity and karate yellow belt test was used for measurement of learning basic karate tasks. ANCOVA test was used for data analysis using SPSS 24 software at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the learning of basic karate skills, but a significant effect was seen in the enjoyment of children in the experimental group for physical activity (sig<0.001). Therefore, game-based karate training can help children learn basic karate skills as much as the traditional method, and also increase their enjoyment in physical activity more effectively.
•Present a novel and efficient algorithm for the colored triad census.•Derive number of isomorphism classes for up to 10 colors.•Derive the computational complexity of the algorithm and test on ...simulated networks.•Heatmaps allow visual presentation of results for holistic interpretation.
The triad census is an important approach to understand local structure in network science, providing comprehensive assessments of the observed relational configurations between triples of actors in a network. However, researchers are often interested in combinations of relational and categorical nodal attributes. In this case, it is desirable to account for the label, or color, of the nodes in the triad census. In this paper, we describe an efficient algorithm for constructing the colored triad census, based, in part, on existing methods for the classic triad census. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using empirical and simulated data for both undirected and directed graphs. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the proposed algorithm reduces computational time by approximately many-fold over the naïve approach. We also apply the colored triad census to the Zachary karate club network dataset. We simultaneously show the efficiency of the algorithm, and a way to conduct a statistical test on the census by forming a null distribution from 1000 realizations of a mixing-matrix conditioned graph and comparing the observed colored triad counts to the expected. From this, we demonstrate the method's utility in our discussion of results about homophily, heterophily, and bridging, simultaneously gained via the colored triad census. In sum, the proposed algorithm for the colored triad census brings novel utility to social network analysis in an efficient package.
This article presents a methodology aimed at increasing the force of the rear-hand straight punch at the torso-level (gyaku zuki chudan). To accomplish the tasks of the survey, a video-computerized ...system was used to record and analyze the parameters of the punches performed by the participants. The results concerning the force of the torso-level rear-hand straight punch were registered in identical ways for each of the participants in order to make sure that the survey was performed under uniform conditions. The input data was processed by means of kinematics analysis software. To prove the credibility of the data registered the necessary statistical analysis methods were applied. If more and more coaches start using modern tools and methods to develop the sports and technical skills of their entrusted athletes, this will increase the quality of the karate training process.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of specialized Kyokushin karate exercises on the activity of leg muscles and the height of the medial longitudinal arch in adolescent ...girls with foot pronation. Methods: This study recruited twenty-four adolescent girls with foot pronation who voluntarily agreed to participate and were randomly assigned to either a training group (n=12) or control group (n=12). The training program consisted of eight weeks of specialized Kyokushin karate exercises. The fibularis longus, tibialis anterior, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles activity was measured during single-leg landing using surface electromyography. The medial longitudinal arch height was measured using the navicular drop test. All statistical analyses, including independent and paired t-tests, were conducted using SPSS software, version 26 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that following eight weeks of specialized Kyokushin karate exercises, there was a significant increase in the activity levels of the tibialis anterior (P=0.005) and lateral gastrocnemius (P=0.04) muscles in the training group compared to the control group. However, there was no significant change in the activity of the fibularis longus muscle in the training group compared to the control group (P>0.05). Within the training group, there was a significant increase in the activity of all three measured muscles (fibularis longus, P=0.009; tibialis anterior, P=0.008; and lateral gastrocnemius, P=0.008) from post-test to pre-test (P<0.05). Additionally, the study found that the amount of navicular drop in the training group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P=0.04) after eight weeks of training Conclusion: This study demonstrated that eight weeks of specialized Kyokushin karate exercises resulted in a significant increase in the activity levels of the tibialis anterior and lateral gastrocnemius muscles in adolescent girls with foot pronation. These exercises also improved the height of the medial longitudinal arch, indicating a potential solution for correcting flat feet. Therefore, we recommend Kyokushin karate exercises to improve muscle activity and arch height in adolescent girls with foot pronation.
That article aims to present the development of an experimental methodology that improves the speed of kicks in Karate. The rationale behind creating the methodology is the fact that the speed of ...kicks in Karate is instrumental for overcoming the opponent. In addition, kicks are among the most commonly used techniques in matches. Therefore, our goal was to study the effect of applying the methodology we created onto improving the speed of kicks in Karate. In order to conduct the study, we used a video-computerized system to record and analyze the speed of kicks performed by the participants in the experiment. The results concerning the speeds of kicks were measured in identical ways in order to make sure that the survey was performed under uniform conditions. The input data was processed by means of kinematics analysis software. To prove the credibility of the data registered, we applied the necessary statistical analysis methods. We hope that by applying the methodology that we developed and have presented in this article, more coaches will start using modern tools and methods in order to improve the quality of the training process in Karate.
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