Background: The purpose of this research was the effect of mental and physical training during the training period on the metacognitive beliefs and sports performance of elite karate athletes. ...Methods: The statistical population of all the elite karate practitioners of Mashhad was between 17 and 20 years old, and 30 karate practitioners were randomly replaced in two groups of 15 people, physical-psychological training and control. The current research was of semi-experimental type and pre-test-post-test research design with control and experimental groups. In order to collect data, sports performance questionnaires and metacognitive beliefs (McQ_30) were used. After filling the questionnaires in the pre-test, the exercise program was implemented for 14 sessions of 90 minutes (every other day) for each group. During this period, the physical training group (control) only did physical training and did not receive any mental training. After the training sessions, the questionnaires were completed again. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) method was used to test the hypotheses. Results: The findings showed; Mental and physical exercises have a positive effect on the metacognitive beliefs and sports performance of elite karate athletes and have improved the cognitive beliefs and sports performance of the athletes. Conclusion: The conclusion is that the use of technical staff who are proficient in the field of sports psychology and training systems in all stages of an athlete's life can. In addition to the health of a sports community, it should lead the youth towards public sports and eventually become a champion athlete with a strong physical and psychological approach.
Background. There is limited knowledge on structure of performance in top-level karate kata competition. Problem and aim. The main goal of the study is to describe the type and frequency of performed ...katas at the Karate 1 competition and to analyse if different kata have different chances of resulting successfully in top level karate competition. Methods. All performed katas during eight Karate 1 Premiere leagues in year 2015 were recorded. Competitors’ country, sex, name of the performed kata, style of kata, score and results (win or lose) were recorded. Chi-square tests and the odds ratio were conducted. A total of 1,858 katas were performed (1,041 in the male and 817 in the female category). Results. The most performed kata was Anan from Shito Ryu style. Number of performed katas depends on the number of entries and top-level kata medallists had to perform between 5 and 7 katas. The most successful katas were not used very often and are from Shito Ryu style. They are short and dynamic Heiku, Pachu from Shito ryu style. The most unsuccessful katas are Gankaku and kata Chatanyara Kushanku, and Unsu. Conclusions. The usage of the more complicated and complex kata does not guarantee victory. Male and female competitors choose different katas.
Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of core stability exercises in the trunk area on lower limb alignment and lower and upper limb function in Kyokushin athletes. ...Methods: The statistical sample of the research included 30 female Kyokushin players aged 14-18 years, who were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The control group performed common Kyokushin exercises and the experimental group performed core stability exercises for 6 weeks. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and paired t-tests were used to compare between groups and within groups. Results: The results of the paired t-test showed a significant effect of training programs on changes in upper and lower limb function in both experimental and control groups (P≤0.05); however, a significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test in both control and experimental group. The test was not observed in the Q angle (P>0.05). The results of ANCOVA test showed that after controlling the effect of the pre-test, a significant difference was observed in lateral jump (P≤0.05) between the experimental and control groups. However, no difference was observed between the two groups in the changes of closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), square jump, and Q angle (P>0.05). Conclusion: Considering the nature of Kyokushin and the research results, it is suggested that people working in Kyokushin do not feel the need for core stability exercises separately.
Little is known about people's perceived benefits and risks of sports, despite their role in shaping people's intentions to engage in them. Here, we developed and tested a scale to measure perceived ...physical, emotional, cognitive, and social benefits as well as aggression-related risks of karate and football. Additionally, we compared these perceptions within and between these two sports, as well as among undergraduates with current/former participation in different types of physical activity (viz., martial artists, team sports players, participants in other types of physical activity, and non-participants). After a literature review, we created a 5-factor scale with 20 items administered to 184 undergraduates, along with questions about physical activity participation. After removing five items, confirmatory factor analyses supported the factor structure of the scale. Factor loadings and reliability indices were acceptable, though less than desirable results were found concerning the average variance extracted of all benefits dimensions and the reliability of the social benefits dimension. Analyses of variance showed that: (a) physical benefits were seen as the salient outcomes of karate and football, though martial artists perceived karate's physical, emotional, and social benefits to the same extent; (b) in comparison to football, karate was perceived to bring more emotional and cognitive benefits and to entail less aggressiveness risks; (c) karate and football perceptions varied as a function of participant's involvement in physical activity. This study presents a promising instrument to gather information on people's perceptions about karate and football, which can be used to foster people's engagement in them.
The purpose of this study was to determine the age-specific features of the manifestation of differences in the speed fitness of younger grade boys who attend a karate class at the sports and health ...stage. Materials and methods. The study participants were 60 younger grade boys (aged 7 to 10). They were divided into four groups: those aged 7, 8, 9, and 10, each of the age group comprising 15 participants. The children’s technical level corresponded to the student grades of 10th or 9th Kyu (Orange Belt). The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The solution of the set tasks involved the use of the following research methods: review and analysis of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical observation, timing of educational tasks, testing, pedagogical ascertaining experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Statistically significant (р<.05) age-specific differences were observed in the speed in integral movements (p=.037; p=.004; p=.041), in the latent time of a simple motor response (p=.003; p=.001; p=.026), and in the frequency of unloaded movement (p=.002; p=.039; p=.001) between all the study groups aged 7-8, 8-9, and 9-10, respectively; in speed-strength abilities (p=.009; p=.024) between the groups aged 7-8 and 9-10; in the general motor function of the body (p=.007; p=.006) between the groups aged 7-8 and 8-9; and in the frequency of a single movement (p=.044) between the groups aged 8-9. Conclusions. Based on the results of the SI and SSI indices, most younger grade karate boys develop harmoniously and have a sufficient level of development of speed abilities, their results clearly showing improvement. It was established that there are differences between children in various structural units of speed, which correspond to the age indicators and technical levels of the karate boys.
The study aimed to identify the effect of a proposed training program for the foundation course of the basic skills and body composition of the members of karate clubs in the governorate of Jenin – ...Palestine. The researchers used the experimental approach due to its suitability to the nature and objectives of the study. To achieve this, the study was conducted on a carefully chosen sample of karate clubs (the Talented Academy of Physical Fitness and self Defense, Arrabah Karate Club and Zababdeh Karate Club). The sample consisted of 50 members, 10 of those members were of exploratory sample, and the rest 40 members were considered as a basic sample that had been divided randomly into two groups. 20 members of experimental group and 20 members of control group. The researchers used Tanita DC-360 P to measure body components and in addition to a set of tests that measure basic skills. The training program was applied for a period of (10) weeks with (3) training sessions per week. Each training session took (60) minutes. In addition, the statistical packages program was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there were differences among the members of the experimental group between the pre and post measurements of body composition and basic skills. The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the members of the experimental and control groups in the post-measurement of body composition, while the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the post-measurement of basic skills in karate, which came in favor of the members of the experimental group. The researchers recommended to the need to take account of the training program proposed by the coaches of karate clubs (kata) in the West Bank, especially in the training phase for basic karate skills. هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى أثر برنامج تدريبي مقترح للدورة التأسيسية على المهارات الأساسية وتركيب الجسم لدى منتسبي أندية الكاراتيه في محافظة جنين- فلسطين، واستخدم الباحثون المنهج التجريبي وذلك لملائمته لطبيعة وأهداف الدراسة، ولتحقيق ذلك أجريت الدراسة على عينة عمدية من أندية (أكاديمية الموهوبين للياقة البدنية والدفاع عن النفس، نادي عرابة للكاراتيه، نادي الزبابده للكاراتيه) حيث بلغت (50) منتسباً منها (10) منتسبين عينة استطلاعية و((40 منتسباً عينة أساسية، قسمت بشكل عشوائي لمجموعتين مجموعة تجريبية مكونة من ((20 منتسباً ومجموعة ضابطة مكونة من ((20 منتسباً، واستخدم الباحثون جهاز التانيتا (Tanita DC-360) لقياس مكونات الجسم ومجموعة من الاختبارات التي تقيس المهارات الأساسية وطبق عليهم البرنامج التدريبي لمدة (10) أسابيع بواقع ثلاث حصص تدريبية أسبوعياً زمن كل حصة تدريبية (60) دقيقة، وتم استخدام برنامج الرزم الإحصائية (SPSS) لتحليل البيانات. أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق لدى أفراد المجموعة التجريبية بين القياسين القبلي والبعدي في مكونات تركيب الجسم والمهارات الأساسية، كما أشارت إلى عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً بين أفراد المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة في القياس البعدي لمكونات تركيب الجسم، بينما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً في القياس البعدي للمهارات الأساسية في الكاراتيه وجاءت لصالح أفراد المجموعة التجريبية. وأوصى الباحثون بضرورة الاسترشاد بالبرنامج التدريبي المقترح من قبل مدربي أندية الكاراتيه (الكاتا) في الضفة الغربية خاصة في مرحلة التدريب على مهارات رياضة الكاراتيه الأساسية.
The ergogenic properties of acute caffeine (CAF) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO.sub.3) ingestion on athletic performance have been previously investigated. However, each sport has unique physiological ...and technical characteristics which warrants optimizing supplementations strategies for maximizing performance. This study examined the effects of CAF and NaHCO.sub.3 ingestion on physiological responses and rate of perceived exertion during a Karate-specific aerobic test (KSAT) in competitive karatekas. In a double-blind, crossover, randomized placebo-controlled trial, eight Karatekas underwent five experimental conditions including control (CON), placebo (PLA), CAF, NaHCO.sub.3, and CAF + NaHCO.sub.3 before completing KSAT. Capsules containing 6 mg/kg BW CAF were consumed 50 min prior to a KSAT whilst 0.3 g/kg BW NaHCO.sub.3 was consumed for 3 days leading to and 120, 90, and 60 min prior to a KSAT. Time to exhaustion (TTE), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate (BL) were measured before, immediately after and 3 min following KSAT. TTE was significantly greater following CAF, NaHCO.sub.3, and CAF + NaHCO.sub.3 consumption compared to PLA and CON. However, the differences between CAF, NaHCO.sub.3, and CAF + NaHCO.sub.3 were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). BL increased significantly from baseline to immediately after and 3 min following KSAT in all conditions (p < 0.01), while RPE at the end of KSAT was not significantly different between conditions (p = 0.11). Karate practitioners may benefit from the ergogenic effects of CAF and NaHCO.sub.3 when consumed separately or together.
Background: Nowadays, many karate organizations hold their own competitions at various levels, up to and including the world championships. They are positioned as separate sports, although the ...content, rules and regulations of many of them differ only in details. A large number of similar sports versions of karate interfere with the correct understanding and objective assessment of karate in the modern world. Materials and Methods: Based on 40 years of practical experience in studying and teaching karate and on the results of his own research in 2019-2022, the author presents his point of view on the unification of sports versions of karate based on common systemic features into three separate sports. Like any sport, karate reflects the social phenomenon from which it originated. Using civilization-historical, functional and social approaches, the author suggests that the paradigm shifts in combat systems lead to the emergence of new forms that have deep systemic differences. Accordingly, these differences are also manifested in sports disciplines that have arisen on the basis of these forms. Results: Three forms of karate have a component with pronounced features of modern sport and form three systemically different competitive disciplines: 1) Style (Traditional) karate; 2) General karate; 3) Sports (Olympic) karate. The differences between them stem from the differences between the forms of karate from which they arose. Conclusions: Style, General and Sports karate are sports which require consideration in different paradigms. They are selfsufficient and equal in value and public demand.
Wprowadzenie. Recepcja sztuki walki, w tym karate, przez osoby trenujące nie była wcześniej badana przez większą grupę badaczy. W ogóle nie było dotąd takich badań na reprezentacji narodowej ...Polskiego Związku Karate Tradycyjnego, wykorzystujących metodologię jakościową. HTSW (humanistyczna teoria sztuk walki) i antropologia sztuk walki tworzą ramy naukowe dla tego badania. Problemy badawcze. Sformułowano następujący problem: na czym polega recepcja karate i stosunek do karate u członków polskiej kadry seniorów w karate, a zwłaszcza kadry trenerskiej? Następnie ustalono zestaw pięciu pytań badawczych:1) Jakie są powody zainteresowania sztukami walki i karate, a także okoliczności rozpoczęcia regularnego treningu? 2) Jakie zmiany w karate i w twojej własnej osobowości są postrzegane w funkcji czasu?3) W jaki sposób ludzie postrzegają filozofię, zasady i wartości karate?4) Co dla respondentów jest najważniejszą wartością w życiu? 5) Jaki jest wpływ karate na młodych karateka?Materiał i metoda. W pierwszej fazie badania wykorzystano analizę zawartości literatury i obszerną analizę dyskursu z interdyscyplinarną analizą porównawczą podjętą na ten temat, a także metodę dedukcyjną. Źródłem są tutaj publikacje tematyczne – literatura. Główną metodą badań empirycznych jest tu jakościowa analiza wypowiedzi członków polskiej kadry seniorów w „tradycyjnym karate”. Narzędziem był kwestionariusz wywiadu bezpośredniego pogłębionego Cynarskiego (2006). Ponadto wykorzystano kwestionariusz pomocniczy A. W czterech przypadkach (osoby posiadające stopień 3–4 dan) użyto metody sądów eksperckich / sędziów kompetentnych. Materiałem badań są wypowiedzi przedstawicieli reprezentacji narodowej Polskiego Związku Karate Tradycyjnego 2016, kategorii wiekowej seniorów (21+) w liczbie N = 20. Wyniki i wnioski. Film sztuki walki, pewna moda, chęć uczenia się samoobrony, ciekawość karate, chęć poprawy sprawności były częstymi motywami podejmowania długoletnich studiówkarate przez ekspertów. Wśród pozostałych respondentów najczęściej wymienianym powodem był przypadek. Dla fachowców fascynacja fizycznymi i technicznymi aspektami karate zanika z powodu pogłębienia motywacji, postrzegania aspektów duchowych, kulturowych i lepszego zrozumienia znaczenia sztuk walki. Inne „czarne pasy” widzą zmiany społecznego postrzegania karate, które stało się bardziej popularne, ale mniej tajemnicze. Wszyscy respondenci oceniają pozytywnie wpływ uprawiania karate na zmiany w sobie i w życiu. Respondenci podkreślają zasady etyczne i pozytywny wpływ edukacyjny karate. Dla wielu karate jest pasją, ale najważniejszą wartością w życiu jest – w większości przypadków – rodzina.
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