In this paper a complete design of a high speed optical motion analyzer system has been described. The main core of the image processing unit has been implemented by the differential algorithm ...procedure. Some intelligent and conservative procedures that facilitate the search algorithm have also been proposed and implemented for the processing of human motions. Moreover, an optimized
modified direct linear transformation (MDLT) method has been used to reconstruct 3D markers positions which are used for deriving kinematic characteristics of the motion. Consequently, a set of complete tests using some simple mechanical devices were conducted to verify the system outputs. Considering the system verification for human motion analysis, we used the system for gait analysis and the results including joint angles showed good compatibility with other investigations. Furthermore, a sport application example of the system has been quantitatively presented and discussed for Iranian National Karate-kas. The low computational cost, the high precision in detecting and reconstructing marker position with 2.39
mm error, and the capability of capturing from any number of cameras to increase the domain of operation of the subject, has made the proposed method a reliable approach for real-time human motion analysis. No special environment limitation, portability, low cost hardware and built in units for simulations and kinematic analysis are the other significant specifications of this system.
O presente trabalho relata aspectos de uma etnografia realizada em um dojo de caratê, cujo objetivo foi pesquisar a produção e as relações com dor e sofrimento corporal aliadas a afirmações de ...masculinidade. Não tratamos aqui dos resultados da pesquisa, mas do percurso, das questões que deram forma a ela, considerando uma especificidade: a responsável pelo trabalho de campo é carateca desse dojo e seu movimento de respeitada faixa preta para pesquisadora produziu novas formas de desafio naquele espaço. Problematizamos essa questão tentando demonstrar as dificuldades desse embate que combina um conflito de gênero com a conciliação possível da condição do/a pesquisador/a em relação ao campo do qual faz parte e no qual, inevitavelmente, se conflagra.This work reports aspects of an ethnography carried out at a karate dojo. The aim of the investigation was to observe the production and the relationship between the pain and body suffering and the affirmation of masculinity. We do not discuss here the results of the research, but the issues involved in its construction, considering a specificity: the responsible for this field work is a fighter of that dojo, and her movement from a respected black belt karate fighter to a researcher produced new forms of challenges in that space. We problematize the question, trying to show the difficulties in the debate which combines a gender conflict with the probable conciliation between the condition of researcher and the field in which he/she is involved, and with which he/she will inevitably confront.
This article presents a sociological approach to the study of martial arts in Spanish society. With few exceptions, martial arts have not received much attention from Spanish social scientists. After ...carrying out a historical contextualization of the emergence and evolution of martial arts, specifically judo, karate and taekwondo, the study offers a sociological analysis of the practice of these martial arts based on data from various annual statistical directories and surveys on sport participation. These sources make it possible, on the one hand, to examine the evolution of the number of clubs and federative licenses included in the category of martial arts and, on the other, to provide a more in-depth view of the characteristics and socio-demographic profile of their practitioners.
A la Maison d’Arrêt de Fresnes, on fait pratiquer le karaté aux détenus. Si les bienfaits du sport en prison sont un principe admis, qu’en est-il des effets pédagogiques de la pratique d'un sport de ...combat en milieu carcéral ? L’analyse des conduites motrices agressives en karaté, vérifiera si cette pratique apporte une régulation des affects, en comparant 188 observations réalisées en milieu associatif et 77 en détention. Ces observations discriminent l’agressivité licite, sur une échelle de valeurs graduées de -2 à 2 (sur la base d'indicateurs comportementaux objectifs annonciateurs du degré d'agressivité). Bousculant des idées reçues, les résultats révèlent que les karatékas associatifs (KA) sont plus agressifs – sur le plan « praxique » (1,71, écart-type = 0,58) et « kinésique » (1,42, é-t = 0,81) - que les karatékas détenus (KD) – respectivement 0,86, é-t = 1,17 et 0,3, é-t = 1,08. De leur côté, les processus de civilité s’expriment sur des moyennes de -2,00 pour les KA contre -0,81 pour les KD. Le karaté peut-il alors avoir une place en prison comme activité sportive ? La réponse semble affirmative. Sous réserve de processus ré-éducatif global, cette activité ne pouvant cependant garantir par elle-même solutionner le problème de la réinsertion.
At the Detention center of Fresnes, some prisoners go in for karate. If the benefits of sport in prison are an accepted principle, what about educational effects of the practice of a combat sport in prison? The analysis of sports practice aggressiveness in karate will verify if this activity brings a regulation of affects, by comparing 188 observations realized in associative environment and 77 in detention. These observations discriminate licit aggressiveness, on a scale of gradual values from 2 to 2 (on the basis of warning objective behavioral indicators of the degree of aggressiveness). Pushing aside preconceived ideas, the results reveal that the associative karateka (AK) is more aggressive - on the plan "praxique" (1,71, standard deviation = 0,58) and "kinesique" (1,42, s-d = 0,81) - than the prisoner karateka (PK) - respectively 0,86, s-d = 1,17 and 0,3, s-d = 1,08. On their side, the processes of civility express themselves on averages of -2,00 for the AK against -0,81 for the PK. Can the karate then have a place in prison as sports activity? The answer seems affirmative. Subject to global rehabilitation process, this activity can not however guarantee by itself to resolve the problem of the reintegration.
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