On very steep dolomite slopes in the western foothills of the Kamnik Alps (Ravni hrib, Javorov vrh, Zaplata, Kriška gora) and southwestern Karavanke Mountains (Dobrča) we conducted a ...phytosociological study into montane grasslands (former hay meadows, partly pastures) where
a species of European conservation concern, also occasionally occurs. They were compared with similar montane grasslands (former hay meadows) on sunny slopes of the Stol ridge above Breginj in the southwestern foothills of the Julian Alps. Based on this comparison we described three new syntaxa:
and
. Both new associations are classified into the alliance
and treated as a long-term successional stage in the belt of altimontane beech forests from the association
Using the (unweighted) average linkage clustering (UPGMA) method we classified 458 phytosociological relevés of
forests in the Southeastern Alps into 25 clusters. Based on their analysis we described ...the following new subassociations:
and
. The selected method proved adequate in identifying the differences between larch stands on potential subalpine spruce and beech sites, and larch forests on the upper forest line, as well as the differences between initial larch stages on the upper forest line and more stable development stages on better developed soils on promontories and ledges above the upper beech forest line. Larch forests occur mainly in the altitudinal belt between (1,500) 1,600 and 1,800 (1,900) m, on shady aspects and slopes that are steeper than 30°. They are some of the best preserved forest types in the Southeastern Alps, on smaller surface areas (Macesnje above the Beli Potok valley in the Julian Alps) even virgin forests, and their role as biotopes is exceptional.
This paper provides phytosociological tables that describe scrub and forest communities with Alnus viridis in the Slovenian Alps. We described three new associations: Rhododendro hirsuti-Alnetum ...viridis (a green alder community on calcareous bedrock in the Eastern and Southeastern Alps), Huperzio selagi-Alnetum viridis (a green alder community in the silicate rocks under Mt. Komen in the eastern Savinja Alps) and Alno viridis- Sorbetum aucupariae (a successional stage of mountain ash and green alder on potential beech sites in the foothills of the southern Julian Alps; similar stages are known also elsewhere in the Alps), and presented additional three associations (Polysticho lonchitis-Fagetum, Rhodothamno-Laricetum and Rhododendro hirsuti-Pinetum mugo) whose stands comprise green alder.
V članku s fitocenološkimi tabelami opisujemo grmiščne in gozdne združbe, v katerih v slovenskih Alpah uspeva vrsta Alnus viridis. Opisali smo tri nove asociacije: Rhododendro hirsuti-Alnetum viridis (združba zelene jelše na karbonatni podlagi v vzhodnih in jugovzhodnih Alpah), Huperzio selagi-Alnetum viridis (združba zelene jelše v silikatnem skalovju pod goro Komen v vzhodnih Savinjskih Alpah) ter Alno viridis-Sorbetum aucupariae (sukcesijski stadij jerebike in zelene jelše na potencialno bukovih rastiščih v prigorju južnih Julijskih Alp, podobne stadije poznajo tudi drugod v Alpah) ter predstavili še tri druge asociacije (Polysticho lonchitis-Fagetum, Rhodothamno-Laricetum in Rhododendro hirsuti-Pinetum mugo), v čigar sestojih uspeva zelena jelša.
The paper studies the quality of beech trees in the Karavanke mountain range. The data obtained for this study came from the permanent sample plots (here in after PSPs) of the studied area. The ...timber assortment structure of mature beech trees in stands was calculated on the basis of the estimated quality of a total of 7,154 beech trees from 2,088 plots and a small sample of harvested trees. The established timber assortment structure and the prices of timber ex forest road were then used to determine the value of beech wood. The study showed that the assortment structure was extremely unfavorable, with the share of trees with sliced and peeled veneer quality lower than 1%, and the share of sawlogs totaling 1.6% of the net volume of analyzed trees. The quality is highest in beech trees measuring 50–55 cm in diameter at breast height. Quality values were higher in rejuvenation stands, and in stands with a comparatively high share of fir or a low share of conifers (spruce). The value drops with altitude and inclination and is higher on slope sites. Undamaged trees from higher social layers are also more valuable. Furthermore, beech timber value is positively affected by high harvesting intensity. In dense stands with a basal area exceeding 60–65 m2/ha, the value begins to decline. In order to improve the quality structure of beech stands, beech would have to be grown in beech-dominated clusters or stands, and thinned at the correct time. Particular attention needs to be paid to minimize the damage to dominant trees during harvesting. Quality assessment carried out within the forest inventory enables to assess the stand quality and value potential of forests at different spatial scale. The research has highlighted several possibilities to use quality data in connection with other parameters to enhance the efficiency of forest management.
We describe localities and sites of Orobanche pancicii, a new species of the Slovenian flora. It was recorded in the subalpine belt (1500 to 2000 m a.s.l.) on forest edges, clearings and on stony ...grasslands in the Julian Alps and the eastern Karavanke mountains, on the hosts Knautia drymeia, K. longifolia and Scabiosa lucida.
V članku opisujemo nahajališča in rastišča nove vrste slovenske flore, Orobanche pancicii. Našli smo jo v subalpinskem pasu (1500 do 2000 m nm. v.) na gozdnih robovih, jasah in na kamnitih traviščih v Julijskih Alpah in v vzhodnih Karavankah, na gostiteljih Knautia drymeia, K. longifolia in Scabiosa lucida. Uvajamo tudi slovensko ime Pančičev pojalnik.
In this paper author gives the results of his own bryological investigations of the phytogeographical subregion Karavanke (part of the Alpine phytogeographical region) as well as the previous reports ...from literature and unpublished data from LJU. In total 453 species are reported from the investigated subregion, 97 liverworts and 356 mosses. Among them 12 are reported for the first time for Slovenia (Cephalozia ambigua, Lophozia ascendens, Didymodon asperifolius, Dicranella crispa, Brachytheciastrum olympicum, Schistidium crassipilum, S. dupretii, S. elegantulum subsp. elegantulum, S. lancifolium, S. papillosum, S. robustum, S. trichodon var. trichodon), 94 species are reported for the first time for the Karavanke. 40 species are included in national Red List and 11 species in the Red Data Book of European Bryophytes (ECCB 1995).
V članku avtor podaja rezultate lastnih florističnih raziskav mahovne flore fitogeografskega podobmočja Karavanke (del alpskega fitogeografskega območja), vključuje pa tudi podatke iz literature in neobjavljene podatke iz herbarija LJU. Mahovna flora obsega 453 vrst, od tega 97 vrst jetrenjakov (Marchantiopyta) in 356 vrst listnatih mahov (Bryophyta). Med njimi je 12 vrst novih za Slovenijo (Cephalozia ambigua, Lophozia ascendens, Didymodon asperifolius, Dicranella crispa, Brachytheciastrum olympicum, Schistidium crassipilum, S. dupretii, S. elegantulum subsp. elegantulum, S. lancifolium, S. papillosum, S. robustum, S. trichodon var. trichodon), 94 vrst pa je za fitogeografsko podobmočje omenjeno prvič. V Rdeči seznam ogrožene mahovne flore Slovenije je vključeno 40 vrst. Na evropskem Rdečem seznamu (ECCB 1995) je 11 vrst.
The Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb–Zn ore district at Mežica is hosted by Middle to Upper Triassic platform carbonate rocks in the Northern Karavanke/Drau Range geotectonic units of the Eastern ...Alps, northeastern Slovenia. The mineralization at Mežica covers an area of 64 km
2
with more than 350 orebodies and numerous galena and sphalerite occurrences, which formed epigenetically, both conformable and discordant to bedding. While knowledge on the style of mineralization has grown considerably, the origin of discordant mineralization is still debated. Sulfur stable isotope analyses of 149 sulfide samples from the different types of orebodies provide new insights on the genesis of these mineralizations and their relationship. Over the whole mining district, sphalerite and galena have
δ
34
S
values in the range of –24.7 to –1.5‰ VCDT (–13.5 ± 5.0‰) and –24.7 to –1.4‰ (–10.7 ± 5.9‰), respectively. These values are in the range of the main MVT deposits of the Drau Range. All sulfide
δ
34
S
values are negative within a broad range, with
δ
34
S
pyrite
<
δ
34
S
sphalerite
<
δ
34
S
galena
for both conformable and discordant orebodies, indicating isotopically heterogeneous H
2
S in the ore-forming fluids and precipitation of the sulfides at thermodynamic disequilibrium. This clearly supports that the main sulfide sulfur originates from bacterially mediated reduction (BSR) of Middle to Upper Triassic seawater sulfate or evaporite sulfate. Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) by organic compounds contributed a minor amount of
34
S-enriched H
2
S to the ore fluid. The variations of
δ
34
S
values of galena and coarse-grained sphalerite at orefield scale are generally larger than the differences observed in single hand specimens. The progressively more negative
δ
34
S
values with time along the different sphalerite generations are consistent with mixing of different H
2
S sources, with a decreasing contribution of H
2
S from regional TSR, and an increase from a local H
2
S reservoir produced by BSR (i.e., sedimentary biogenic pyrite, organo-sulfur compounds). Galena in discordant ore (–11.9 to –1.7‰; –7.0 ± 2.7‰,
n
= 12) tends to be depleted in
34
S
compared with conformable ore (–24.7 to –2.8‰, –11.7 ± 6.2‰,
n
= 39). A similar trend is observed from fine-crystalline sphalerite I to coarse open-space filling sphalerite II. Some variation of the sulfide
δ
34
S
values is attributed to the inherent variability of bacterial sulfate reduction, including metabolic recycling in a locally partially closed system and contribution of H
2
S from hydrolysis of biogenic pyrite and thermal cracking of organo-sulfur compounds. The results suggest that the conformable orebodies originated by mixing of hydrothermal saline metal-rich fluid with H
2
S-rich pore waters during late burial diagenesis, while the discordant orebodies formed by mobilization of the earlier conformable mineralization.
Stable isotope analyses of carbonates and organic matter from thePermo-Triassic boundary section in the Karavanke Mountains, Slovenia,indicate a further example of the Òlight carbonÓ event across ...theboundary. In this section the changes in carbon isotope values were adirect result of the culmination of the marine regression and associatedevents at the end of the Permian, which caused a drop in primaryproductivity, as well as related local environmental changes, with noevidence of any considerable diagenetic overprint.
This paper provides documentation of the Late Carboniferous flora of the Southern Karavanke Mountains in Slovenia that is housed in the Gornjesavski Muzej (Upper Sava Museum) in Jesenice, Slovenia. ...The paleoflora from this area has not been systematically documented until today. 21 fossil-species, which probably represent 17 biological species, were identified. Common species include Sigillaria brardii Brongniart, Lepidodendron dissitum Sauver, Annularia carinata Gutbier, Calamites undulatus Sternberg, Sphenophyllum oblongifolium (Germar and Kaulfuss) Unger, Acitheca polymorpha (Brongniart) Schimper and Nemejcopteris feminaeformis (Schlotheim) Barthel. Stratigraphically important are Sphenophyllum oblongifolium and Nemejcopteris feminaeformis, and based on their occurrence we can assume the studied paleoflora to be Gzhelian D (Jigulites jigulensis zone on the Russian Platform), i.e. Stephanian C
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