Gay and bisexual men might face unique, status-based competitive pressures given that their social and sexual relationships often occur with other men, who are known to compete for social and sexual ...gain. In a multistage study, we delineated intraminority gay community stress theory-that status-focused elements of the gay community challenge the mental health of gay and bisexual men. We first created a measure of gay community stress with items derived from qualitative interviewing (n = 49); calculated its psychometric properties, including 1-year temporal stability (n = 937); and confirmed its structural stability in distinct samples (n = 96; n = 1,413). Being stressed by perceiving the gay community's focus on sex, focus on status, focus on competition, and exclusion of diversity predicted gay and bisexual men's mental health over-and-above a comprehensive battery of traditional minority stressors (β = .17, p < .01) and mediated the association between one's gay community status and mental health. To examine the impact of individual differences in status concerns (i.e., about masculinity, attractiveness, and wealth) on gay and bisexual men's feelings of within-community exclusion, a series of experiments manipulated (a) the sexual orientation (gay vs. heterosexual) of rejecters (n = 103), (b) the social status of gay rejecters (n = 83), and (c) whether rejection from gay and bisexual rejecters was status-based or nonstatus-based (n = 252). Overall, these experiments provide partial support for the possibility that gay and bisexual men's status concerns underlie their experience of gay community stress. Together, these studies advance psychological and sociological accounts of gay and bisexual men's mental health beyond minority stress theory, with implications for intervention.
Based on the limited research available regarding bisexual individuals, there is some evidence to suggest this group may be subject to unique forms of prejudice within both heterosexual and ...lesbian/gay communities. To date, research in this area has relied on samples that do not reflect the diversity of the non-monosexual/plurisexual community. The present study explored the perceived experiences of anti-bisexual prejudice among a diverse group of self-identified bisexual, pansexual, queer and fluid adults (n = 235). Participants completed an online self-report survey containing 50-items concerning experiences and expressions of sexual orientation and gender identity. Results from the Anti-Bisexual Experiences Scale revealed bisexual participants reported more experiences of sexual prejudice from lesbian/gay individuals than did pansexual/queer/fluid participants. Exploratory analyses based on this finding revealed bisexual individuals also reported less subjective connection to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community than did pansexual/queer/fluid individuals. This factor, however, did not account for differences in experiences of sexual prejudice from lesbians/gay individuals. These findings challenge the grouping together of all plurisexual individuals under the label bisexual and underscore the importance of interpersonal context in the experience of sexual prejudice.
People who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender (LGBT) experience disparate levels of psychological distress due to marginalization, yet there are also opportunities for community ...connectedness and sociopolitical involvement in identify‐specific issues and organizations, which may improve psychological well‐being. This study contributes to intersectional research on LGBT psychological well‐being by locating LGBT community connectedness as a mediator of the associations between well‐being and (a) LGBT sociopolitical involvement and (b) being out as LGBT among a sample of predominately LGBT‐identified adults in the United States and Puerto Rico (n = 4940) across four racial/ethnic identity groups: non‐Hispanic Black, Latinx/Hispanic, non‐Hispanic White, and other races/ethnicities. Analyses revealed that separate models were operating across racial/ethnic identity groups. Path analysis further showed that LGBT community connectedness mediated (either partially or fully) the effects of both LGBT sociopolitical involvement and outness on well‐being. Direct effects on well‐being were also found for family support across all groups and for outness only among the non‐Hispanic White and other races/ethnicities groups. Community leaders and practitioners should seek to create opportunities for LGBT sociopolitical involvement and other activities that may facilitate feeling connected to LGBT community as part of efforts to promote LGBT well‐being.
Highlights
LGBT sociopolitical involvement may facilitate community connection and psychological well‐being.
Distinct path models operated across racial/ethnic identity groups; intersectional research is key.
LGBT community connection partially or fully mediated effects of outness on well‐being.
LGBT community connection fully mediated the effect of LGBT sociopolitical involvement on well‐being.
Efforts to promote well‐being should consider sociopolitical involvement and community connection.
Minority stress theory has widespread empirical support in explaining health disparities experienced by sexual and gender minorities. However, less is known about how minority stress impacts multiply ...marginalized groups, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people of color (LGBT POC). Also, although research has documented resilience in the face of minority stress at the individual level, research that examines macrolevel processes such as community resilience is needed (Meyer, 2015). In the current study, we integrate minority stress theory and intersectionality theory to examine multiple minority stress (i.e., racial-ethnic stigma in LGBT spaces and LGBT stigma in one's neighborhood) and community resilience (i.e., connection to LGBT community) among sexual minority men of different racial-ethnic groups who use a geosocial networking application for meeting sexual partners. Results showed that Black sexual minority men reported the highest levels of racial-ethnic stigma in LGBT spaces and that White sexual minority men reported the lowest levels, with Asian and Hispanic-Latino men falling in between. Consistent with minority stress theory, racial-ethnic stigma in LGBT spaces and LGBT stigma in one's neighborhood were associated with greater stress for sexual minority men of all racial-ethnic groups. However, connection to LGBT community played a more central role in mediating the relationship between stigma and stress for White than POC sexual minority men. Results suggest that minority stress and community resilience processes may differ for White and POC sexual minority men. Potential processes driving these differences and implications for minority stress theory are discussed.
Public Significance Statement
This study integrates minority stress theory and intersectionality theory to examine how connection to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community may mediate the relationship between stigma and stress among racially diverse sexual minority men. Results suggest that minority stress and community resilience processes may differ for White sexual minority men and sexual minority men of color.
A indústria da moda desempenhou um papel fundamental nos hábitos de con-sumo, especialmente no vestuário, que foi crucial na vida diária, estabelecendo códigos de vestimenta em diversos gêneros ...(mulher, homem, comunidade LGBT). A moda vai além de ser um mero produto; é uma identidade. As pessoas usam o vestuário como uma expressão de sua personalidade e emoções, tornando-se um tema cultural que promove a livre expressão ao longo das gerações. Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar os có-digos de vestuário em diferentes gêneros e contextos, mostrando sua evolução e impacto na sociedade e no desenvolvimento da personalidade. O estudo da moda possibilita a identificação do ritmo e estilo de vida das pessoas.
La industria de la moda ha ocupado un lugar preponderante a lo largo de los
años en los hábitos de consumo de la sociedad, principalmente el vestuario debido a que
ha sido el factor más significativo en el diario vivir de las personas, dando lugar a ciertos
códigos de vestimenta en los diferentes géneros (mujer, hombre, comunidad LGBT). Además, el mundo de la moda representa más que un producto, una identidad. Es decir, las
personas utilizan el vestuario como una forma de expresar su personalidad y sentir. Además, dicha industria se convirtió en un tema cultural incluyendo la libre expresión, a través de las diferentes generaciones con el transcurso de los años. Por esta razón, el presente
artículo tiene como objetivo caracterizar los mencionados códigos de vestuario en los
diferentes géneros y contextos en los que se llevaron a cabo, a fin de mostrar su evolución
e incidencia en la sociedad dentro del desarrollo de su personalidad. Dado que el estudio
de la moda sobre las personas posibilita la identificación del ritmo y estilo de vida de estas.
The fashion industry has played a fundamental role in consumption habits, es-pecially in clothing, which has been crucial in daily life, establishing dress codes in various genders (women, men, LGBT community). Fashion goes beyond being a mere product; it is an identity. People use clothing as an expression of their personality and emotions, becoming a cultural theme that promotes free expression across generations. This article aims to characterize dress codes in different genres and contexts, showing their evolu-tion and impact on society and personality development. The study of fashion enables the identification of people’s pace and lifestyle.
In the (near) future, a growing number of older LGBT people will ‘age in place’, receiving health and social care in their homes and wider ageing environments until a very advanced age. This article ...discusses the results of a survey research among 115 LGBT people aged 65 years and over who are ageing in place and who are weekly and monthly receivers of health and social care services, and follow-up interviews with 10 people. The research was situated in the Netherlands. The results show that older LGBT people’s experiences with ageing in place are related to differences in how ageing environments are able to accommodate LGBT lifestyles. The results further shed light on the meaning of receiving health and social care at home as an older LGBT person, and the ways in which LGBT life histories and identities are expressed in care relationships, both in verbal and in home-making practices. Finally, the results suggest that the links between older LGBT people and the wider LGBT community are vulnerable, and neighbourhood-based activities may not be sufficiently responsive to older LGBT people.
Research shows disproportionate levels of substance use among sexual minority young people. A range of reasons for these disparities have been suggested, including connectedness to and participation ...in the LGBT community. Little is known about how these constructs are related to substance use involvement in sexual minority (sub)groups or how these relationships are affected by other factors.
1266 young sexual minority Australians completed a cross-sectional online survey. Multiple regressions were conducted to assess associations between connectedness to and participation in the LGBT community on substance use involvement, before and after controlling for other factors such as substance use motives, psychological distress, wellbeing, resilience, minority stress, and age.
Most participants identified as homosexual (57%, n=726) and male (54%, n=683). In the overall sample, participation in and connectedness the LGBT community were significantly associated with increased substance use involvement before (F(2,1263)=35.930, p≤0.001, R2=0.052) and after controlling for other variables (F(8,1095)=33.538, p≤0.001, R2=0.191), with meaningfully higher effect sizes for participation than for connectedness. After controlling for other variables, connectedness only remained significant for homosexuals. Effect sizes for participation were higher for females than males, and bisexuals than homosexuals. However, participation in the LGBT Community was not associated with substance use in participants identifying with a non-binary gender identity. In conclusion, substance use involvement was associated with participation in the LGBT community, but connectedness to the LGBT community only had a weak association with substance use involvement in the homosexual subgroup.
•LGBT community participation is associated with increased substance use involvement.•Effects of LGBT community participation on substance use highest on bisexuals and males.•LGBT community connectedness and substance use associated only in homosexuals.
This article analyses the turbulent process that the House Bill No. 4982, an anti-discrimination bill also known as the Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Expression (SOGIE) bill, has undergone ...during deliberations in the 18th Congress of the Philippines (2019–2020). The bill, which aims to protect LGBT people's rights, was first filed in 2000 and has now been refiled in the 19th Congress, making it one of the longest-running bills deliberated in the Philippines. This article explains why this bill is presently one of the country’s most crucial human rights protection laws, through analyses of the arguments presented by all the parties involved. The discussions also extend to the country's historical, societal and cultural influences that have contributed to the challenges the bill faced during deliberations. Moreover, the article draws attention to the need for the public to develop a more critical understanding of the LGBT community and the issues it faces, to help create a more accepting society.
Dichotomous views of gender and sexuality primarily categorize people according to opposing binaries - either those attracted to the 'opposite' sex (heterosexual people) or those attracted to the ...same sex (gay or lesbian people). This 'either/or' notion greatly stigmatizes people who exist outside of this binarized categorization due to their attraction, or lack thereof, to multiple gender identities as well as the non-binary nature of their own genders. Past scholars have coined the term 'monosexism' to describe the social and cultural structures that operate on the premise that all individuals experience attractions, and that all are (and should be) attracted to no more than one gender (Eisner,
2013
; Meyer,
2019
; Roberts et al.,
2015
). Hence, asexual, bisexual, pansexual, and other plurisexual people experience oppression rooted in the normativity of monosexuality, while heterosexual people, lesbians, and gay men-all who adhere to the societal norm of monosexuality- receive privileges. While the impacts of monosexism are evident in the literature (Kaysen et al.,
2011
; Walters et al.,
2013
), there are scholars (Hemmings & Blumenfeld,
1996
; Weiss,
2004
) who oppose using the term monosexism and its presumed monosexual categorization - denoting it as pejorative and divisive to the 2SLGBTQIA + community as it groups lesbians and gay men together with heterosexual people as the oppressing, monosexual group. With the increasing scholarly focus on representation and recognition of 2SLGBTQIA + individuals and communities, we contend that understanding the complexity of monosexism is important for a more clearly articulated analysis of gender and sexuality-based inequality and experience. This paper provides a critical review of scholarly perspectives discussing monosexism and at the same time, contributes to a fuller understanding of the nature of this system of oppression and discrimination. Overall, we suggest that comprehending monosexism as a neutral term to describe a social structure that oppresses all sexual identities (not just asexual and plurisexual people) can lead to better understanding and potentially to resisting and dismantling this form of oppression.
Intraminority gay community stress theory posits that social stressors within sexual minority communities of men may be risk factors for mental health problems in gay and bisexual men. The recently ...developed 20-item Gay Community Stress Scale (GCSS) is a valid and reliable measure of gay community stress, but was not yet validated in the Netherlands. This study developed a Dutch-translated version of the GCSS and validated this scale in sexual minority men and sexual minority women, as it was hypothesized that sexual minority women may also experience intraminority stress. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were subsequently performed in independent samples of men and women, and produced a 16-item GCSS for men and a 12-item GCSS for women. The four-factor structure of the original GCSS was replicated in men and women, and encouraging support for discriminant and concurrent validity of the GCSS was found in both men and women. The total scale and subscales were internally consistent in men (α and ω ≥ .87) and in women (α and ω ≥ .78). The Dutch-translated GCSS seems to offer a valid and reliable way to assess intraminority stress in Dutch-speaking sexual minority men and sexual minority women, although further validation is warranted.
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