•Clan leaders significantly differed in life goal power from not members of any clan.•e-Sports players differed from casual players in life goals affiliation and diversion.•e-Sports – a means of ...satisfying the need to belong through (teams, LAN parties).•e-Sports – a means of satisfying the need for power(position of a game team leader).
e-Sports is an area of the game scene, in which computer game players specialize in a specific game, form game teams (clans), compete together in tournaments and meet at so-called LAN (Local Area Network) parties. The objective of this study was to compare the different types of e-Sports players from the perspective of their personality traits and explicit motives and to compare e-Sports players with casual players in selected life goals.
A questionnaire assessing life goals (Pöhlmann & Brunstein, 1997) and basic personality traits (Personality inventory KUD, 1986) were administered to 108 e-Sports players and 54 casual computer game players.
In the group of e-Sports players, only clan leaders significantly differed in life goal power from those who were not members of any clan. Significant differences were also found between e-Sports players and casual players in terms of life goals affiliation and diversion.
e-Sports seem not only to be about playing computer games, but can also serve as a means of satisfying the need to belong. They do this by creating friendly relationships through membership in game teams and participation in LAN parties, or satisfying the need for power by upholding a position of a game team leader and determining its course of action.
The Tactile Internet promises new applications and services that harness real-time human-machine interactions to revolutionize our everyday life. Its realization however, necessitates a complete ...rethink of the underlying communications infrastructure as these applications/services necessitate carrier-grade reliability, ultra-high security, and ultra-low latency (~1 ms). To meet stringent latency targets, control/steering servers are anticipated to be placed at a short distance of only a few kilometers to the tactile edge. Therefore, in addition to the significant on-going research in the wireless tactile edge, there is an urgent need to focus on the local area network (LAN) segment to support the vision of Tactile Internet. Rising to this challenge, we report on the first initiative in designing LANs to facilitate the converged delivery of latency-sensitive Tactile Internet traffic and bandwidth-intensive applications. Specifically, our solution combines the time and wavelength division multiplexing technology on a passive optical LAN, with a predictive resource allocation algorithm termed Tactile Internet capable dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation algorithm (TI-DWBA). TI-DWBA is designed to estimate the average bandwidth of Tactile Internet (TI) and non-TI traffic at each integrated optical network terminal/wireless access point (ONT/WAP), exploit prediction mechanisms at the central office to predict and allocate bandwidth and wavelengths to accumulated traffic at each ONT/WAP, dynamically vary the number of active wavelengths in the network such that network congestion is alleviated to satisfy end-to-end latency constraints. In this paper, the effectiveness of TI-DWBA in constraining end-to-end latency of Tactile Internet traffic is tested under various network configurations, traffic distributions, traffic proportions, and traffic loads, with results indicating that ultra-low end-to-end latencies in the order of 100 μs are achievable.
El vertiginoso desarrollo tecnológico y creciente ritmo evolutivo de las redes actuales hacen que la gestión sea vital. Sin embargo, la existencia de la gestión heterogénea derivada de la ...heterogeneidad de las redes de telecomunicaciones provoca, entre otros, ineficiencias y encarecimiento de la operación de las redes. Algunos de los problemas de la gestión heterogénea son: necesidad de tener personal capacitado para operar cada uno de los sistemas de gestión propietarios correspondientes a tecnologías y equipamientos de diferentes fabricantes, trabajar con diferentes protocolos de gestión y enfrentar la diversidad e incompatibilidad de datos que llevan a inconsistencia y hasta posible duplicidad de la información de gestión. En este artículo se presenta el diseño e implementación de un Sistema Integrado de Gestión de conmutadores de red de área local (LAN) empleando el protocolo SNMP. Se revisan brevemente las características del protocolo SNMP, de la MIB de Monitoreo Remoto (RMON) y de la gestión de los conmutadores LAN. Para el diseño del sistema se tuvieron en cuenta requerimientos que consideraran las necesidades actuales de la gestión integrada en las empresas operadoras de servicios de telecomunicaciones. La programación se realizó empleando el lenguaje Python y se dividió en varios módulos: acceso y administración de usuarios; inventario y gestión de conmutadores LAN; estadísticas, eventos y alarmas; y funciones de diagnóstico. Su validación se realizó implementando el sistema en un pequeño escenario de prueba en la red de un operador público de servicios de telecomunicaciones, obteniéndose resultados satisfactorios. Palabras claves: Gestión integrada de redes, protocolo SNMP, conmutadores LAN, sistemas de gestión. The vertiginous technological development and increasing evolutionary rhythm of current networks make management vital. However, the existence of heterogeneous management derived from the heterogeneity of telecommunications networks causes, among other things, inefficiencies and increased cost of network operation. Some of the problems of heterogeneous management are: the need to have trained personnel to operate each of the proprietary management systems corresponding to technologies and equipment from different manufacturers, to work with different management protocols and to deal with the diversity and incompatibility of data that they carry. to inconsistency and even possible duplication of management information. This article presents the design and implementation of an Integrated Management System for local area network (LAN) switches using the SNMP protocol. Features of the SNMP protocol, Remote Monitoring MIB (RMON), and LAN switch management are briefly reviewed. For the design of the system, requirements were taken into account that considered the current needs of integrated management in the operating companies of telecommunications services. The programming was done using the Python language and was divided into several modules: user access and administration; LAN switch inventory and management; statistics, events and alarms; and diagnostic functions. Its validation was carried out by implementing the system in a small test scenario in the network of a public operator of telecommunications services, obtaining satisfactory results. Keywords: Integrated management of networks, SNMP, LAN switches, management systems. Integrated Management System for LAN switches using the SNMP protocol.
COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY Marijan MIJATOVIĆ; Marko MIJATOVIĆ
Carpathian journal of electrical engineering,
12/2023, Letnik:
17, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Computers that we connect to a network serve to exchange data, which is located in the computer’s working memory. Data transmission can also be done through electronic signals, and these connections ...can be wireless networks or wired networks. The bits that are sent one after another simultaneously correspond at an appropriate speed, converting digital signals into analog signals and vice versa, which is a modern process. Computers can also be connected to a local network and a branched network. Each computer connected to the network has its own unique number (address) from which it can be recognized on which continent it is, in which country, and to which server address it is connected. Data is sent according to a pre-agreed protocol, in the form of packets. Security measures for protecting sensitive data and documents have existed for a long time in the world. Throughout history, many methods have been developed regarding data protection and internet security. Methods of providing protection on the internet were sometimes not effective and did not provide the necessary level of protection. With the development of cryptography and technology, very good methods of encryption and document protection have been discovered. Information systems are the foundation of basic and modern business operations. Their fundamental task is to be based on network systems, as well as their operation and security. That’s why it’s extremely important to familiarize ourselves with the security issues of computer networks and the ways in which these problems are resolved.
Ban-Lan-Gen, the root tissues derived from several morphologically indistinguishable plant species, have been used widely in traditional Chinese medicines for numerous years. The identification of ...reliable markers to distinguish various source plant species is critical for the effective and safe use of products containing Ban-Lan-Gen. Here, we analyzed and characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of
(Nees) Kuntze to identify high-resolution markers for the species determination of Southern Ban-Lan-Gen. Total DNA was extracted and subjected to next-generation sequencing. The cp genome was then assembled, and the gaps were filled using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Genome annotation was conducted using CpGAVAS web server. The genome was 144,133 bp in length, presenting a typical quadripartite structure of large (LSC; 91,666 bp) and small (SSC; 17,328 bp) single-copy regions separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 17,811 bp). The genome encodes 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding, 30 transfer RNA, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. A total of 20 tandem, 2 forward, and 6 palindromic repeats were detected in the genome. A phylogenetic analysis based on 65 protein-coding genes showed that
was closely related to
and
, which belong to the same family, Acanthaceae. One interesting feature is that the IR regions apparently undergo simultaneous contraction and expansion, resulting in the presence of single copies of rps19, rpl2, rpl23, and ycf2 in the LSC region and the duplication of psbA and trnH genes in the IRs. This study provides the first complete cp genome in the genus
, containing critical information for the classification of various
species in the future. This study also provides the foundation for precisely determining the plant sources of Ban-Lan-Gen.
As the general development trend of the automotive industry, connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) can be used to increase transportation safety, promote mobility choices, reduce user costs, and ...create new job opportunities. However, with the increasing level of connectivity and automation, malicious users are able to easily implement different kinds of attacks, which threaten the security of CAVs. Hence, this paper provides a comprehensive survey on the cyber-security in the environment of CAVs with the aim of highlighting security problems and challenges. Firstly, based on the types of communication networks and attack objects, it classifies various cyber-security risks and vulnerabilities in the environment of CAVs into in-vehicle network attacks, vehicle to everything network attacks, and other attacks. Next, it regards cyber-risk as another type of attacks in the environment of CAVs. Then, it describes and analyzes up-to-date corresponding defense strategies for securing CAVs. In addition, it concludes several available cyber-security and safety standards of CAVs, which is helpful for the practical application of CAVs. Finally, several challenges and open problems are discussed for the future research.
Hub based LAN simulation using QualNet Kothari, Abhishek; Jaiswal, Dr. R.C.; Munot, Satyam ...
Procedia computer science,
2023, 2023-00-00, Letnik:
230
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In the domain of network technologies, Local Area Networks (LANs) play a crucial role in enabling device connectivity and seamless communication. This research work presents a simulation study ...conducted using QUALNET, a robust network simulation tool, to explore the characteristics and performance of a hub-based LAN topology. Additionally, this research study explores the integration of a wireless network, reflecting diverse real-world scenarios encountered in modern network infrastructures. This research study involves a setup with a central hub connected to ten client devices via wired links, with the main server as a central node. Moreover, three client devices are incorporated into a wireless network, creating a hybrid networking environment. The proposed methodology entails extensive parameter configurations and simulated scenarios, aimed at evaluating the network's behaviour under varying conditions and loads. This research study serves as a practical guide for network simulation enthusiasts and showcases the evolving network topologies that are crucial in the current digital landscape. The proposed study underscores the importance of assessing the performance of hub-based LANs and their interplay with wireless networks, emphasizing the relevance of such studies in the context of network design and optimization.
A Tutorial on IEEE 802.11ax High Efficiency WLANs Khorov, Evgeny; Kiryanov, Anton; Lyakhov, Andrey ...
IEEE Communications surveys and tutorials,
2019-Firstquarter, Letnik:
21, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
While celebrating the 21st year since the very first IEEE 802.11 "legacy" 2 Mbit/s wireless local area network standard, the latest Wi-Fi newborn is today reaching the finish line, topping the ...remarkable speed of 10 Gbit/s. IEEE 802.11ax was launched in May 2014 with the goal of enhancing throughput-per-area in high-density scenarios. The first 802.11ax draft versions, namely, D1.0 and D2.0, were released at the end of 2016 and 2017. Focusing on a more mature version D3.0, in this tutorial paper, we help the reader to smoothly enter into the several major 802.11ax breakthroughs, including a brand new orthogonal frequency-division multiple access-based random access approach as well as novel spatial frequency reuse techniques. In addition, this tutorial will highlight selected significant improvements (including physical layer enhancements, multi-user multiple input multiple output extensions, power saving advances, and so on) which make this standard a very significant step forward with respect to its predecessor 802.11ac.
Language-related event-related potential (ERP) components such as the N400 have traditionally been associated with linguistic or cognitive functional interpretations. By contrast, it has been ...considerably more difficult to relate these components to neurobiologically grounded accounts of language. Here, we propose a theoretical framework based on a predictive coding architecture, within which negative language-related ERP components such as the N400 can be accounted for in a neurobiologically plausible manner. Specifically, we posit that the amplitude of negative language-related ERP components reflects precision-weighted prediction error signals, i.e., prediction errors weighted by the relevance of the information source leading to the error. From this perspective, precision has a direct link to cue validity in a particular language and, thereby, to relevance of individual linguistic features for internal model updating. We view components such as the N400 and LAN as members of a family with similar functional characteristics and suggest that latency and topography differences between these components reflect the locus of prediction errors and model updating within a hierarchically organized cortical predictive coding architecture. This account has the potential to unify findings from the full range of the N400 literature, including word-level, sentence-, and discourse-level results as well as cross-linguistic differences.
A Survey on Fusion-Based Indoor Positioning Guo, Xiansheng; Ansari, Nirwan; Hu, Fangzi ...
IEEE Communications surveys and tutorials,
2020-Firstquarter, Letnik:
22, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Demands for indoor positioning based services (IPS) in commercial and military fields have spurred many positioning systems and techniques. Complex electromagnetic environments (CEEs) may, however, ...degenerate the accuracy and robustness of some existing single systems and techniques. To overcome this drawback, fusion-based positioning of multiple systems and/or techniques have been proposed to revamp the positioning performance in CEEs. In this paper, we survey the fusion-based indoor positioning techniques and systems from seminal works to elicit the state of the art within our proposed unified fusion-based positioning framework, which consists of three fusion characteristics: source, algorithm, and weight spaces. Different from other surveys, this survey summarizes and analyzes the existing fusion-based positioning systems and techniques from three characteristics. Meanwhile, discussions in terms of lessons, challenges, and countermeasures are also presented. This survey is invaluable for researchers to acquire a clear concept of indoor fusion-based positioning systems and techniques and also to gain insights from this survey to further develop other advanced fusion-based positioning systems and techniques in the future.
PDF
