•General decline in Melian obsidian usage by the middle of the 3rd Millennium BC.•INAA indicate that the analysed Melian obsidians originated from Dhemenegaki.•Anatolian and Aegean obsidians in İzmir ...Region reflects organized exchange systems.
In this study, the provenance of 42 obsidians from the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age levels of two settlements – Bakla Tepe and Liman Tepe – located on the Aegean coast of Anatolia were investigated with an interdisciplinary approach using fission-track (FT) dating, Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Epithermal Neutron Activation Analysis (ENAA). Some artefacts showed FT ages of a few thousand years. Apparent FT ages of the remaining samples are distributed over a wide range, from 0.53 ± 0.03 to 1.43 ± 0.20 Ma. After application of the size-correction method, most artefacts were distributed in a homogeneous group characterized by FT ages varying from 1.48 ± 0.47 to 1.80 ± 0.20 Ma, with a mean value of 1.65 ± 0.05 Ma and low induced track density corresponding to low U content. The remaining 3 samples showed relatively high induced track densities. One of them has an apparent age of 0.53 ± 0.03 Ma and a size-corrected age of 1.02 ± 0.07 Ma. The probable potential sources for the studied samples were identified as the island of Melos in the Aegean, and the central Anatolian sources – particularly the Göllüdağ complex – through comparison of the FT data. INAA and ENAA studies have been carried out on 34 artefacts at the TRIGA Mark II research reactor of the University of Pavia. The identification of the sources was attained through cluster analysis of the chemical data. These results agree fully with those obtained by FT dating: most artefacts originated from the Melos–Dhemenegaki flow, and only 3 samples from central Anatolia. The current study provides a contribution to a better understanding of the circulation of obsidians in Anatolia.
Objectives: The aims of this research were to analyze teratogenic properties on some selected plants which often used for woman’s health were pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) pericarp, coriander ...(Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds, liman (Elephantopus scaber L.) leaves, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare M.) seeds, and kaempferia (Kaempferia galanga L.) rhizomes using brine shrimp teratogenic screening test (BSTST) method.Methods: Artemia cysts were hatched into first stage nauplii then taken and put into seawater medium which contain test substance and kept alive until the second stage, third stage, and fourth stage and then observed number of deaths, morphological abnormalities, body length, and retarded of development for each stage.Results: Hatchability of cysts in fennel seeds compared extracts 1 and 0.5 mg/ml, coriander seeds extract 1 mg/ml, pomegranate rinds extract 6 mg/ml, and liman leaves extracts 6, 3, and 1.5 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). Survival nauplii in fennel seeds extracts 1 and 0.5 mg/ml and liman leaves extracts 6 and 3 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). The morphological abnormalities were exposed on coriander seeds extract 1 mg/ml, liman leaves extract 6 mg/ml, and pomegranate rinds extract 3 mg/ml. Nauplii with retarded development were presented on fennel seeds extracts 1 and 0.5 mg/ml, coriander seeds extracts 1 and 0.25 mg/ml, pomegranate rinds extracts 6, 3, and 1.5 mg/ml, and liman leaves extracts 3 and 1.5 mg/ml. Nauplii body length on plants extract showed no significantly difference compared to control.Conclusion: Based on BSTST, fennel seed and pomegranate rind extracts had no teratogenic effect, kaempferia rhizomes act as larvicide its analog in mamalia as embryo lethal, while coriander seeds and liman leaves extracts potentially had teratogenic properties.
Japan Sea Intermediate Water (JSIW) is in the salinity-minimum layer present between the thermocline and deep water in the Japan Sea. Annual shipboard measurements over the past 20 years revealed ...that JSIW rapidly freshened in the 2010s, particularly from 2010 to 2011, from 2012 to 2013, and from 2015 to 2016. The mean rate of salinity change at
σ
θ
= 27.16 kg m
−3
(
σ
θ
indicates potential density minus 1000 kg m
-3
) in JSIW was − 0.078 ± 0.013 per decade (mean ± standard error) from 2009 to 2016. This rate is more than twice of those observed in intermediate waters in open oceans. The Polar Front in the Japan Sea, the boundary between the subtropical and subpolar waters, considered the JSIW formation region. Using a biogeochemical tracer PO = O
2
+ PO
4
× 135, it was determined that the contribution of less saline water from the south of the Polar Front increased in JSIW in the 2010s. The atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis data indicated that a large freshwater influx from the East China Sea to the Tsushima Strait in the summers contributed to the freshening in the south of the Polar Front in 2010 and 2012, whereas, a large local precipitation in the autumn freshened in the region in 2015.
This study assessed the effects of liman peloid, followed by bath and heliotherapy in psoriatic patients at Cervia, Emilia, Italy. The psoriatic patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 with ...56 patients, treated with liman applications, bath, and heliotherapy, and group 2 with 35 subjects, treated with mud-bath therapy using a clay peloid mixed with tap water and heliotherapy. Data was collected for the following: psoriasis area and severity index (PASI); delta-PASI (difference between post- and pre-treatment PASI); delta-PASI3 and delta-PASI6, 3 and 6 months after the end of treatment, respectively; psoriasis recurrences; and the use of both topical and systemic drugs. Although not significant, a decrease in PASI was recorded in group 1 at the end of treatment and after 3 and 6 months. Compared with group 2, there was a significant change in delta-PASI, delta-PASI3, and psoriasis recurrences in group 1 as well as a significant reduction in the topical use of drugs, both cortisone and nonsteroid drugs. This is the first and preliminary study which documented the efficacy of a specific protocol of liman bath heliotherapy in psoriatic patients as documented by a reduction in delta-PASI and delta-PASI3, a decrease in psoriasis recurrences, and use of topical drugs.
In his novel, “The Deadline”, Horia Liman depicts the history of an authentic world governed by unwritten laws belonging to the morality of the common man, especially to the honour code. In a poor ...isolated community from Oaș, placed on a rocky hill, where only the nettles grow, the knapsack and the knife are held in high esteem. The atmosphere of the novel, its characters and their features, the difficult life and the unwritten laws are gradually unveiled through significant events.
Nineteenth-century physicians increasingly favoured leeching – the placing of a live leech onto a patient’s skin to stimulate or limit blood flow – as a cure for numerous ailments. As conviction in ...their therapeutic properties spread, leech therapy dominated European medicine; France imported over fifty million leeches in one year. Demand soon outpaced supply, spawning a lucrative global trade. Over-collection and farming eventually destroyed leech habitats, wreaked environmental havoc and forced European merchants to seek new supply sources. Vast colonies of leeches were found to inhabit the immense wetlands of the Ottoman Empire, which soon became a major exporter of medicinal leeches. Following the Treaty of Balta Liman (1838), the Ottoman state moved to exert control over the lucrative trade, imposing a tax on leech gathering and contracting with tax-farmers (mültezim) to collect the taxes. British diplomats, merchants and other stakeholders protested the imposition of the tax, as had previously happened with the commodification of wildlife; their pursuit of profit led collectors and farmers to over-gather leeches, with catastrophic consequences. By the end of the century, so great had their worth climbed that the leech population faced extinction. This paper situates medicinal leeches as therapeutic actors of history and adopts an interscale approach in formulating the human-leech interaction. It offers a substantive contribution to the history of medicine, in revealing the centrality of leeches to the rise of modern medicine and global trade, but also by making visible their role in shaping imperial diplomacy and worldwide economic markets.
The Sea of Japan (JS) is a unique marginal sea in the western North Pacific that is characterized by four shallow straits. It can provide information about the paleoenvironment, for instance ...indicating variations in the East Asian Monsoon, Tsushima Warm Current, sea ice coverage, and Westerly Jet. Compared with other marginal seas in the western North Pacific, the JS is currently the only marginal sea without influx from large rivers. It is, therefore, of interest to determine the source of terrigenous sediments over time, particularly in the western JS, which has been less investigated in previous reports. In this study, a suite of multi-proxies including Sr and Nd isotopes and minor elements were measured for fine fractions (<63 μm) of core LV53-18-2 that were recovered from the western JS over the last 30 ka. Our results show that the sediments are rich in volcanic detritus and that the provenance of terrigenous sediments in the western JS is mainly derived from the arid region in northern China and coastal areas in the Far East. During the Last Glacial Maximum, the increased coverage of sea ice may have contributed to the accumulation of terrigenous debris. Meanwhile, the stronger East Asian Winter Monsoon and expansion of the Westerly Jet over northern China also carried more dust to the study area. However, the weakened atmospheric circulation and rise in sea level, induced by the ascending boreal insolation during the last deglaciation and early Holocene, remarkably reduced input of terrigenous debris, and the intense melting of sea ice delivered an amount of detritus from coastal areas to the research area. After 8 ka, the high stand sea level and opening of the Tatar Strait may have led to the development of the Liman Cold Current, which transports large quantities of volcanic materials to the study area continuously and produces more positive Eu anomalies, radiogenic εNd, and depleted ΣREE.
The Dniprovsko-Buzky liman is a semi-enclosed water body located in the lower part of the mouth area (estuary) of the Dnipro and the Pivdennyy Bug. The studied liman is located within a tectonic ...depression that is characterized by asymmetric slopes. The northern slope of the depression is steeper and characterized by a predominance of positive tectonic movements. The southern slope is very gentle, and negative tectonic movements take place within it. The specified tectonic conditions determine the lithological, morphological, and dynamic diversity of the shores within the limans. From November 2022 to June 2023, there was an uncontrolled discharge of water from the Kakhovske reservoir into the water area of the lower Dnipro. The corresponding situation led to a sufficiently high level of water surface within the liman, which significantly increased the risks of the manifestation of dangerous geological processes in the coastal zone. The catastrophic events of June 6, 2023, fundamentally changed the situation in the development of the coastal zone of the Dniprovsko-Buzky Liman. The flow of water formed as a result of the breach reached the liman a day later and, according to preliminary estimates, caused the water level in the region to rise by 1 m. The fundamental difference in the structure of the shores of the Dniprovsko-Buzky liman leads to significant differences in the activation of coastal processes. Along the northern coast, when the level rises, abrasion and landslide processes become more active; along the southern coast, the rise in water level leads to inundation of the area, partial erosion, and significant infiltration and inundation. It is worth noting that the activation of dangerous processes in the coastal zone can occur both directly during the rise of the water level and at the stage of lowering the water surface level. Our study is the first attempt to assess the risks of the manifestation of dangerous geological phenomena in the coastal zone of the Dniprovsko-Buzky liman after the catastrophic events of June 6, 2023.
The actuality of research is conditioned by necessity of water regime determination under climate change for substantiate management its water resources in future. The purpose of investigation is ...evaluation of changes in water resources of Kuyalnyk Liman catchment under climate change.
The main method of research is model "climate- runoff ", developed at the Odessa State Environmental University. Database of global climate change scenarios A1B (realized in regional climate model REMO) and A2 (developed under the regional climate model RCA) was used.
The analysis of fluctuation regularity of climatic factors of the flow formation on the Kuyalnyk Liman catchment and surrounding areas according to selected scenarios using difference-integral curves are done. Changes in precipitation and the maximum possible evaporation for the 30-year intervals up to the year 2100 (scenario A1D) or up to the year 2050 (scenario A2) are analyzed. The main tendencies in water resources of Kuyalnyk Liman using the model "climate- runoff" in the future are established. It is shown that according to the scenario A1B by the middle of XXI century possible reduction of water resources in the Kuyalnyk Liman catchment is 40%. According to the scenario A2 water resources in northern part of the basin can grow on average by 20-30%, and in the southern part runoff can be reduced on average by 10%.
Relevance of the paper consists in the need of ability to predict the water resources state of small and medium-sized rivers of the North-Western Black Sea Region in the 21st century in order to ...justify the strategy of Odesa Region's economy development. The water bodies of the studied territory include Kuyalnitskyi Liman with its unique balneological properties used for health improvement purposes since the end of the 19th century. Global warming and construction of numerous artificial reservoirs across the catchments of the liman's rivers resulted in its shallowing since the 90s of the last century. Forecasts for possible inflow of fresh water from the rivers to the liman in the near future have a great importance for assessing the prospects of its natural resources protection and preservation. The aim of the paper is to determine a possible state of water resources of the rivers belonging to the Kuyalnitskyi Liman catchment over the period of 2021-2050 based on imitational mathematical modelling with the climate-runoff model taken as a template and using meteorological data of 14 models of the RCP4.5 climate scenario. Estimations of zonal (climatic) annual runoff were provided for six meteorological stations located across the Kuyalnitskyi Liman catchment and adjacent territories. Each of the studied models has the water resources, heat and moisture resources estimations averaged over the target territory. It is shown that, compared to the last century's data, water resources changes will range from -82.6 % (model CLMcom3) to + 75.4 % (model MPI-CSC2). An average statistical model which is the result of averaging all the studied models was taken for further calculations. It was established that the best harmonization of estimated and actual tendencies of runoff formation climatic factors changes is observed when the average statistical model is taken. According to this model, over the period of 2021-2050 the Kuyalnitskyi Liman catchment area will see a heat resources expected increase by + 12.3 % with a slight (-1.80 %) humidification resources decrease. This will lead to reduction of territory's water resources by 25.5 %. The transfer of some watercourses feeding the liman to natural annual river runoff made it possible to determine that, according to the RCP4.5 scenario, over the period of 2021-2050 the average long-term inflow of fresh water from the Velykyi Kuyalnik River will constitute 16.5 million m3 and the inflow from other watercourses – 1.3 million m3.
PDF
