Prepoznavanje in evidentiranje mejic Barbara Lampič; Alenka Kastelic
Dela (Univerza v Ljubljani. Oddelek za geografijo),
12/2021
56
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Mejice so manj (pre)poznan element v kulturni pokrajini. V Sloveniji je v uradno evidenco vključenih 4522 mejic v skupni dolžini 458,5 km. Zaradi različnih dejavnikov se njihovo število in kakovost ...zmanjšujeta. Ker gre za pokrajinsko rastlinsko prvino, ki se v prostoru hitro spreminja, je za njeno ohranjanje in upravljanje pomembno ustrezno prepoznavanje in evidentiranje. Preverili smo več postopkov prepoznavanja mejic. Z uporabo lidarsko zajetih podatkov smo razvili dva pristopa in ju ovrednotili z vidika njune nadaljnje uporabnosti. Ugotovili smo, da je za učinkovito prepoznavanje in evidentiranje mejic pomembna ustrezna kombinacija metod, tudi geografsko terensko delo. Za ohranjanje mejic bodo, poleg metodološko ustreznega in ažurnega evidentiranja, odločilni medsektorsko usklajeni ukrepi ter ciljno ozaveščanje kmetov in širše javnosti o raznovrstnih funkcijah mejic v kulturni kmetijski pokrajini.
The contribution presents the results of a comprehensive study of the Late Copper Age Deschmann’s pile-dwelling sites near Ig in the Ljubljansko barje, central Slovenia. It opens with a history of ...research and goes on to tackle the main topics associated with the cultural attribution of the sites. A re-examination of the recovered pottery and available archival records, coupled with a new typological and chronological analysis of the small finds has enabled a cultural and chronological redefinition of the Ljubljana culture and its characteristic pottery. In addition to the typical vessel forms, usually decorated with whipped-cord impressions, the newly-defined Ljubljana culture includes common ware that reveals influences primarily from the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture in the Carpathian Basin. Some of the vessels of the Ljubljana culture also follow the tradition of the Vučedol culture, while others reflect the influences and maybe contacts with the Corded Ware, Globular Amphora and Bell Beaker cultures.
It is assumed that people practiced woodland management, i.e., coppicing and pollarding, in prehistory, but details are poorly known. This study aims for a better understanding of woodland ...exploitation through time in the wetland basin of the Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia, from 3700-2400 BCE (Before Common Era). To do so, uncarbonized, waterlogged wood from 16 Eneolithic pile dwellings situated in two geographical clusters that cover a time span of c. 1300 years were subjected to age/diameter analysis. It is the first time that age/diameter analysis has been applied to multiple sites from the same region. The investigated posts represent a wide range of taxa, but oak (
sp.) and ash (
sp.) represent 75% of the total, indicating selective use of wood for this purpose. Diameter selection of ash may have taken place as well. At both site clusters, the age/diameter data do not reveal any unequivocal evidence for woodland management. Only at the youngest sites do the data possibly show some gradually changing practices. The outcomes are discussed within the framework of recent discussions about woodland management in Europe.
Display omitted
•Development of Eneolithic oak chronology for 3771–3330 BC in Slovenia.•Common tree-ring patterns with German/Swiss oak chronology.•First dendrochronologically dated prehistoric pile ...dwellings at Ljubljansko barje.•Improvement of dendro-archaeological investigations south and south east of the Alps.
We present dendrochronological dating of Eneolithic pile dwellings on Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia, from the 4th millennium BC, partly included on the UNESCO world heritage list in 2011. Samples of oak (Quercus sp.) timbers from the posts on which the dwellings were built have been collected over the past 20 years. They have been dendrochronologically cross-dated and (pre) dated by 14C wiggle-matching. We describe the construction of a 442-year chronology BAR-3330 based on 106 cross-dated tree-ring series of wood from six pile-dwelling sites. Comparison of BAR-3330 with reference chronologies of more than 500km distant areas north of the Alps showed that it can be teleconnected and dated with a combined German Swiss chronology. The time span of BAR-3330 was defined in this way as 3771–3330 BC. We were thus able to date exactly building activities on the pile dwellings Strojanova voda (SV), Hočevarica (HO), Maharski prekop (MP), Črešnja pri Bistri (CR), Spodnje mostišče (SM) and Stare gmajne (SG), in which early copper metallurgy played an important role. This is the first dendrochronological dating of prehistoric pile dwellings south of the Alps using reference chronologies from the north based on teleconnection. It provides an opportunity to continue filling the spatial and temporal gaps in the absolute chronology of the 4th millennium BC in the area south and south east of the Alps.
Abstract Between 1995 and 2015 the number of records of Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus in Slovenia increased drastically, especially after 2007, but the species occurred regularly every year since ...2002. Before that, the Short-eared Owl was regarded as a very rare migrant in Slovenia. Most of the observations were from wintering and migration periods, and the most important areas for the species in Slovenia were Ljubljansko barje, Lake Cerknica, surroundings of the water reservoir Medvedce and coastal wetlands. In 2008 and 2013 the Short-eared Owl occurred in large numbers, and these years were regarded as irruptive. Flocks of 2 to 8 birds were observed. At Ljubljansko barje, increased numbers of observed Short-eared Owls coincided with a large population of small mammals (species of the genus Apodemus and Microtus) and poor snow cover in 2008, and at least three communal roost sites were found that year. In the irruptive year 2013 there was a greater number of Short-eared Owls observed at the Medvedce water reservoir. On the plain at Lesce near the village of Smokuč an injured second year female was found at the end of March 2008 with a developing brood patch in its initial stage. It is likely that the female attempted to nest, which confirms the status of the species as occasional breeder in Slovenia. The last confirmed breeding in Slovenia was recorded in 1936 at Ljubljansko barje. In addition to local conditions (population of small mammals, snow cover) the frequency of occurrence of the Short-eared Owl in Slovenia is also affected by the population of development in the Boreal region and changes in migratory characteristics of the species in Europe. Therefore, an increase of the number of Short-eared Owls in Slovenia is expected in the future, as well as breeding attempts by this nomadic owl in seasons with high populations of small mammals and green winters, of course, if appropriate meadow habitat is still preserved.
We present the results of a plant macroremain study of the late Neolithic lakeshore settlement Stare gmajne (SG) at Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia, with cultural horizons that ended around 3330 and 3110 ...cal. B.C., as obtained by dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating of the most frequent construction timbers of Quercus sp. (oak) and Fraxinus sp. (ash). Fourteen systematically taken samples were investigated, using standard methods for studying waterlogged plant remains, which had been developed during lake dwelling research north of the Alps. Most of the remains were preserved in a waterlogged state, and we identified a total of 93 taxa. The most important cultivated plants were Triticum dicoccum (emmer), Hordeum vulgare (six-rowed naked barley), T. monococcum (einkorn), Linum usitatissimum (flax) and Papaver somniferum (opium poppy). The numerous possibly gathered plants also included Trapa natans (water chestnut) and Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris (wild grapevine). Chenopodium album (goosefoot) and Brassica rapa (turnip) with seeds/fruits rich in oil and starch were probably gathered as well. Comparisons of the Stare gmajne results with contemporary north Alpine sites (NA) showed, among other things, that Triticum durum/turgidum (tetraploid naked wheat), frequent at NA, was not found at SG. Trapa natans (water chestnut) was rare and Vitis (grapevine) was not found at NA. The observed differences in the wild plant spectra may have ecological causes, for example a warmer climate south of the Alps, but differences in cultivar spectra are more likely for cultural-historical reasons.
PDF
