Članek obravnava način okraševanja poznobakrenodobne in zgodnjebronastodobne keramike ljubljanske kulture ter pramenaste keramike. O okraševanju izdelkov ljubljanske kulture najdemo v literaturi ...različne razlage in poimenovanja. Natančna opredelitev tehnike okraševanja je pomembna tako kronološko kot kulturološko. Z eksperimenti smo poskušali dognati, s kakšnimi pripomočki bi bil lahko izdelan značilen okras odtisa niti. Ugotovili smo, da je bil najverjetneje vtisnjen s ploščatim orodjem, okrog katerega so bile navite niti živalskega ali rastlinskega izvora.
In this paper we show the results of a study concerning 42 axes, mainly discovered in the Copper Age pile dwellings of Ljubljansko barje (central Slovenia) and in the neighbouring areas of Caput ...Adriae. The studied shaft‐hole axes, characterized by homogeneous typology but slightly different raw materials, have been called ‘Ljubljana‐type’ axes (Lt). The raw materials show a common OIB‐like signature and metamorphic and spilitization features that recall oceanic conditions. The typological and geochemical characteristics and the very high percentage of Lt axes among the polished stone axe assemblages of Ljubljansko barje suggest that the raw material was probably gathered from one or more relatively small outcrops close to Ljubljansko barje. Similar igneous rock types outcrop in the presumably Palaeozoic diabase/shale complex (Eisenkappler Diabaszug), intruded by the northern Karawanken plutonic belt. A probable provenance from this area, particularly rich in copper ore deposit, would confirm the important role of Ljubljansko barje as a metallurgical district, as well as a strong relation between lithic raw materials and Cu cultivation districts during the Copper age.
The palaeoecological study, presented in this paper, investigates the biomorphic (phytoliths and other biological microfossils), loss-on-ignition and pollen records in the sedimentary sequence of the ...Blatna Brezovica Eneolithic settlement (Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia, ca.3100cal B.C.). At the beginning of the 4th millennium cal B.C., the study site was covered by a freshwater lake, surrounded by a broadleaved Quercus–Fagus forest. In subsequent centuries, people settled at the Blatna Brezovica location, albeit the hydrological conditions remained wet and the archaeological settlement was likely located in the vicinity of a river. People living at Blatna Brezovica constructed wooden houses, whereas Phragmites plants were likely used for roofs and/or bedding. Eventually, the landscape became more open due to agriculture (Hordeum cultivation) and grazing. After the abandonment of the settlement at the end of the 4th millennium cal B.C., hydrological conditions became drier, marsh formed at the study site, and predominantly Abies forest grew around the basin.
► We made a multidisciplinary palaeoecological research. ► The past environment and vegetation changes were studied. ► We reconstruct ‘lifestyle’ of Eneolithic settlement. ► Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction before, during and after prehistoric settlement was done.
This popular-science publication describes the pile-dwellings of the Ljubljansko barje, which were created in the first half of the 5th millennium BC. However, when the lake was completely overgrown ...with swamps and marshes (at the latest around the middle of the 2nd millennium), the construction of such settlements stopped. From then on, new settlements were built on the outskirts of the lake banks, where the fields were previously. There they also farmed livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats and pigs. They were accompanied by dogs. Hunting and fishing were also important economic activities~they harvested fruits in the forests. They made pottery vessels. Findings of copper and metallurgical articles, however, prove that at least since the 4th millennium BC they were engaged in copper metallurgy. Logboats were used to navigate the lake and in the second half of the 4th millennium even for routes outside the Ljubljansko barje. In short, they were very resourceful and were able to adapt well to the environment in which they lived.Only in Slovenian
Ljubljansko barje je izjemna pokrajina. Vlažne hidrološke razmere omogočajo dobro ohranjenost arheoloških najdišč in paleoekološkega zapisa. Vendar pa je Ljubljansko barje za paleoekološke ...raziskave hkrati tudi izjemno zahtevna regija. Razvoj holocenske pokrajine in vegetacije je bil namreč zelo dinamičen, posledica tega pa spremenljive tafonomske razmere in, zaradi kompleksne hidrološke mreže in človekovega vpliva (rezanje šote), pogosto fragmentiran paleoekološki zapis. Kljub številnim raziskavam v zadnjih desetletjih, podrobne raziskave nekdanje hidrologije niso bile opravljene, čeprav je za arheologijo in paleoekologijo to očitno pomembna tema, saj se je v zadnjih letih razvila živahna diskusija o tem, ali je območje Ljubljanskega barja nekoč pokrivalo jezero ali rečna poplavna ravnica. S tem prispevkom se želim vključiti v razpravo in predstaviti svoj pogled na hidrološko problematiko. Moje mnenje je, da so bile paleoekološke razmere na področju Ljubljanskega barja preveč kompleksne, da bi jih lahko zreducirali samo na polemiko “jezero ali poplavna ravnica?”, moj glavni očitek raziskovalcem, ki so dozdaj razpravljali o tej temi pa, da je njihova interpretacija hidrološkega dogajanja preveč ambiciozna, ker temelji na rezultatih premalo ob-sežnih paleoekoloških raziskav, pa najsi gre za rezultate njihovih lastnih raziskav ali interpretiranje rezultatov drugih raziskovalcev.
The monograph ('Protection and sustainable development of a cultural landscape: the case of Ljubljana Moor') introduces research findings about the structure and functions of the Ljubljana Moor ...(Ljubljansko barje) cultural landscape. This landscape is composed of a plain with isolated hills (inselbergs) and hills on the outskirts. Floods are still frequent. Due to its exceptional biodiversity, in 2008 the area was proclaimed a landscape park. In the study we identified 28 landscape elements in 3 pilot sites – depending on the geological substratum, water, and land use – which contribute to landscape diversity. Payments to farmers have a significant impact on land use which influences greatly land cultivation and sustainable breeding, while these have a considerably lower influence on the preservation of semi natural landscape elements. We discovered that in terms of sustainability the key tendency is to strive to such a landscape diversity that ensures optimum landscape functioning and various ecosystem services.The analysis of landscape changes over 4 study periods showed that, initially, agriculture, settlement, and water management were the main drivers~however, over recent decades the importance of nature protection and tourism has increased. In today’s landscape there are two conflicting trends: intensification and land abandonment .
In 2008, the IUCN uplisted the Curlew to near-threatened (NT) on its Red List. The bird's population in Slovenia is localised and small, thus making it very important to be surveyed every year. Using ...the point count method, we recorded 9-12 breeding pairs in 2011 and 9-10 pairs in 2012 at Ljubljansko barje. Most of them were distributed in the eastern part of the area between the village of Lipe and the river Iscica, whereas only two occupied territories were discovered in 2011 and one in 2012 in the western part of the area. In a ten-year period, the area underwent agricultural intensification, with lowland non-intensive meadows declining by 50%. As a minimal requirement, meadows within the extent of the Curlew's current distribution at Ljubljansko barje should be non-intensively managed (late first cut, no fertilizing or sowing of grass mixtures) and all other human activities prohibited from the beginning of March till the end of June (dog walking and training, ballooning, aircraft modelling). Based on the results of 2011 survey, Ljubljansko barje was designated an IBA for breeding Eurasian Curlews under the IBA criteria A1 and C1.
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