Dealing with Dictators explores America's Cold War efforts to make the dictatorships of Eastern Europe less tyrannical and more responsive to the country's international interests. During this ...period, US policies were a mix of economic and psychological warfare, subversion, cultural and economic penetration, and coercive diplomacy. Through careful examination of American and Hungarian sources, László Borhi assesses why some policies toward Hungary achieved their goals while others were not successful. When George H. W. Bush exclaimed to Mikhail Gorbachev on the day the Soviet Union collapsed, "Together we liberated Eastern Europe and unified Germany," he was hardly doing justice to the complicated history of the era. The story of the process by which the transition from Soviet satellite to independent state occurred in Hungary sheds light on the dynamics of systemic change in international politics at the end of the Cold War.
In 1956, Hungarian workers joined students on the streets to protest years of wage and benefit cuts enacted by the Communist regime. Although quickly suppressed by Soviet forces, the uprising led to ...changes in party leadership and conciliatory measures that would influence labor politics for the next thirty years. In The Workers' State, Mark Pittaway presents a groundbreaking study of the complexities of the Hungarian working class, its relationship to the Communist Party, and its major political role during the foundational period of socialism (1944-1958). Through case studies of three industrial centers-Újpest, Tatabánya, and Zala County-Pittaway analyzes the dynamics of gender, class, generation, skill level, and rural versus urban location, to reveal the embedded hierarchies within Hungarian labor. He further demonstrates how industries themselves, from oil and mining to armaments and textiles, possessed their own unique labor subcultures. From the outset, the socialist state won favor with many workers, as they had grown weary of the disparity and oppression of class systems under fascism. By the early 1950s, however, a gap between the aspirations of labor and the goals of the state began to widen. In the Stalinist drive toward industrialization, stepped up production measures, shortages of goods and housing, wage and benefit cuts, and suppression became widespread. Many histories of this period have focused on Communist terror tactics and the brutal suppression of a pliant population. In contrast, Pittaway's social chronicle sheds new light on working-class structures and the determination of labor to pursue its own interests and affect change in the face of oppression. It also offers new understandings of the role of labor and the importance of local histories in Eastern Europe under communism.
The monograph on István Széchenyi presents the Slovenian territory with a story about an extremely important Hungarian politician, economist, and national awakener. As in other nations, it was also ...in Hungary that the long nineteenth century brought to the fore prominent individuals who contributed towards the development of modern national consciousness. Although the Slovenes are probably more familiar with the name of the Hungarian politician Lajos Kossuth, István Széchenyi figured as an equally prominent driver of Hungarian national development. Just how significant his influence was on Hungarian history was demonstrated by none other than Kossuth, his political opponent, who described him as the “Greatest Hungarian”. The volume at hand was compiled by four historians, three Slovenian and one Hungarian. Its central part comprises chapters on Széchenyi’s life, political career, and economic activities, whereas the introductory chapter on the Széchenyi noble family and its estates in the Slovenian territory and the last chapter on relations between the Hungarians and Emperor Franz Joseph embed the monograph within a broader time-span, thus enabling a better understanding of István Széchenyi’s endeavours and his lasting impact on Hungarian history.
Mesta kot ključ do preživetja? EGEDY, Tamás; UZZOLI, Annamária
Urbani izziv,
12/2016, Letnik:
27, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Avtorja v članku obravnavata prostorsko razsežnost neenakosti v zdravju na Madžarskem na podlagi povezave med brezposelnostjo in pričakovano življenjsko dobo na državni ravni ter vse do ravni ...mikroregij in naselij, pri čemer je poseben poudarek na mestih. Poudarjata povezavo med brezposelnostjo in povprečno pričakovano življenjsko dobo ob rojstvu na podlagi regionalnih statističnih podatkovnih baz, poleg tega predstavita tudi ugotovitve kvantitativnih vprašalnikov (𝑛 = 545) in kvalitativnih poglobljenih intervjujev (𝑛 = 26). Na tej podlagi obravnavata vpliv gospodarske krize na prebivalstvo večjih madžarskih mest. Povezava med brezposelnostjo in pričakovano življenjsko dobo se v času krize poveča. Izsledki avtorjev kažejo, da sta položaj na trgu dela in raven prihodkov pomembna z vidika zdravja, raven in rast obstoječih družbenih in zdravstvenih neenakosti pa povečata tudi vpliv gospodarske krize na zdravje ljudi. Na Madžarskem neposredni vplivi gospodarske krize na neenakosti v zdravju še povečujejo regionalne razlike. Mesta lahko uravnovesijo neugodne vplive krize na zdravje in uspešno prispevajo k zniževanju neenakosti v zdravju.
The revolt of the provinces Szombati, Kristóf; Carbonella, August; Kalb, Don ...
2018., 20180612, 2018, 2018-06-01, Letnik:
23
eBook
The first in-depth ethnographic monograph on the New Right in Central and Eastern Europe, The Revolt of the Provinces explores the making of right-wing hegemony in Hungary over the last decade. It ...explains the spread of racist sensibilities in depressed rural areas, shows how activists, intellectuals and politicians took advantage of popular racism to empower right-wing agendas and examines the new ruling party's success in stabilizing an 'illiberal regime'. To illuminate these important dynamics, the author proposes an innovative multi-scalar and relational framework, focusing on interaction between social antagonisms emerging on the local level and struggles waged within the political public sphere.
Ferenczi for Our Time presents contributions from British, French, American and Hungarian analysts of the second, third and even fourth generation, who deal with different dimensions of experiencing ...the external and internal world. These papers explore linkages between Ferenczi and the works of Winnicott, Klein, Alice, Michael and Enid Balint, the British Independents as well, as French analytical thought related to Dolto and beyond. The reader will also become acquainted with original documents of a revived Hungarian psychoanalytical world and new voices of Budapest. 'The Balints' chapter invites the reader to listen to colleagues sharing memories, recollections and images - allowing a personal glimpse into the life and professional-human environment of these extraordinary personalities. The topics discussed here are wide ranging: possibilities and impossibilities of elaborating social and individual traumata, child analysis and development, body-and-mind and clinical aspects of working with psychosomatic diseases. Functions and dysfunctions of societal and individual memory are explored as signifying 'blinded' spots in our vision of external and psychic reality as well as the vicissitudes of generational transmission of trauma.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 was just one link in a chain of events leading to World War I and the downfall of the Austro-Hungarian empire. By 1918, after nearly four hundred ...years of rule, the Habsburg monarchy was expunged in an instant of history. Remarkably, despite tales of decadence, ethnic indifference, and a failure to modernize, the empire enjoyed a renewed popularity in interwar narratives. Today, it remains a crucial point of reference for Central European identity, evoking nostalgia among the nations that once dismembered it.The Afterlife of Austria-Hungaryexamines histories, journalism, and literature in the period between world wars to expose both the positive and the negative treatment of the Habsburg monarchy following its dissolution and the powerful influence of fiction and memory over history. Originally published in Polish, Adam Kozuchowski's study analyzes the myriad factors that contributed to this phenomenon. Chief among these were economic depression, widespread authoritarianism on the continent, and the painful rise of aggressive nationalism. Many authors of these narratives were well-known intellectuals who yearned for the high culture and peaceable kingdom of their personal memory.Kozuchowski contrasts these imaginaries with the causal realities of the empire's failure. He considers the aspirations of Czechs, Poles, Romanians, Hungarians, and Austrians, and their quest for autonomy or domination over their neighbors, coupled with the wave of nationalism spreading across Europe. Kozuchowski then dissects the reign of the legendary Habsburg monarch, Franz Joseph, and the lasting perceptions that he inspired.To Kozuchowski, the interwar discourse was a reaction to the monumental change wrought by the dissolution of Austria-Hungary and the fear of a history lost. Those displaced at the empire's end attempted, through collective (and selective) memory, to reconstruct the vision of a once great multinational power. It was an imaginary that would influence future histories of the empire and even became a model for the European Union.
In the 19th century Hungary witnessed unprecedented social, economic and cultural development. The country became an equal partner within the Dual Monarchy when the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...1867 was concluded. Architecture and all forms of design flourished as never before. A distinctly Central European taste emerged, in which the artistic presence of the German- speaking lands was augmented by the influence of France and England. As this process unfolded, attempts were made to find a uniquely Hungarian form, based on motifs borrowed from peasant art as well as real (or fictitious) historical antecedents. "Motherland and Progress" – the motto of 19th-century Hungarian reformers – reflected the programme embraced by the country in its drive to define its identity and shape its future.
In the last two decades a large amount of previously secret documents on Jewish issues emerged from the newly opened Communist archives. The selection of these papers published in the volume and ...stemming mostly from Hungarian archives will shed light on a period of Jewish history that is largely ignored because much of the current scholarship treats the Shoah as the end of Jewish history in the region. The documents introduced and commented by the editor of the volume, András Kovács, will give insight into the conditions and constraints under which the Jewish communities, first of all, the largest Jewish community of the region, the Hungarian one had to survive in the time of the post-Stalinist Communist dictatorship. They may shed light on the ways how “Jewish policy” of the Soviet bloc countries was coordinated and orchestrated from Moscow and by the single countries. The archival material will prove that the ruling communist parties were restlessly preoccupied with the “Jewish question.” This preoccupation, which kept the whole issue alive in the decades of communist rule, explains to a great extent its open reemergence in the time of transition and in the post-communist period.
This book illustrates the history of the Gypsy/Roma issue in the wider context of Hungarian national history, relying on state policy documents. The volume questions dominant discourse on the Roma ...and critically examines earlier knowledge of the Roma in Hungary. The authors track events and narratives from the historical turning point of 1945 to the present. The effects of continuities in policies toward Gypsies (e.g., continuing marginalization) are presented and interpreted, as are the results of changes in political institutions and processes. Written from an equality and human rights perspective, this book reinterprets the history of the power and social science discourse that constructed and defined the Roma.