Maji Maji Giblin, J; Monson, J
2010, Letnik:
20
eBook
This volume reexamines the Maji Maji war of 1905-07 in Tanzania, the largest African rebellion against European colonialism. Contributors provide histories of previously neglected localities and ...groups, and new insight into the use of protective medicines believed to provide invulnerability.
Some historians have traced a line from Germany’s atrocities in its colonial wars to those committed by the Nazis during WWII. Susanne Kuss dismantles these claims, rejecting the notion that a ...distinctive military ethos or policy of genocide guided Germany’s conduct of operations in Africa and China, despite acts of unquestionable brutality.
In Europa wird intensiv über einen angemessenen Umgang mit afrikanischem Kulturgut debattiert – auch über historische Fotografien, die koloniale Afrikavorstellungen mitkonstruierten. In Tansania ...etablierten sich seit der Unabhängigkeit des Landes neue und eigenständige Praktiken in der Verwendung kolonialer Hinterlassenschaften. Ausgehend von den aktuellen Gebrauchsweisen dreier Fotografien aus dem späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert zeigt Eliane Kurmann, wie Tansanierinnen und Tansanier sich solche Bilder seit den 1960er Jahren aneignen und sie umdeuten, um sie in die postkoloniale Geschichtskultur einzubinden. Darin widerspiegeln sich die tiefgreifenden Verschiebungen, die tansanische Geschichtsbilder seit der Kolonialzeit erfahren haben. Das Buch geht auch den Entstehungskontexten dieser Fotografien und ihren früheren Verwendungen nach und entschlüsselt die medialen Konstellationen, in denen sie einst ihre kolonialen Bedeutungen erhielten. Die drei Fotogeschichten veranschaulichen, wie koloniale Fotografien zu Bildern der tansanischen Geschichte geworden sind.
This article explores the widespread phenomenon of anti-colonial movements that relied on magical rituals for protection against European weapons. It examines both the beliefs of the magical ...practitioners themselves, and those of colonizing observers whose fascination with stories of “primitive magic” contributed to their contrasting self-representations as superior beings in possession of technological wonders. North America’s Ghost Dance movement, China’s Boxer Rebellion, and East Africa’s Maji Maji uprising took place on three different continents but occurred almost simultaneously. The cases come from a narrow period of time, roughly 1890 to 1910, during a peak of colonial violence all over the world.
La rebelión Maji Maji es uno de los eventos de mayor trascendencia para la historiografía y el nacionalismo de Tanzania. Se remonta a 1905, cuando más de veinte grupos étnicos de diversas regiones de ...la parte continental del actual territorio se levantaron en armas en contra del gobierno colonial alemán. Aunque el movimiento fue suprimido con rapidez debido a la desproporcionada superioridad logística y de armamento del imperio alemán, tuvo un impacto significativo en las políticas coloniales alemanas y posteriormente en las británicas de la zona, y obligó a la revisión de éstas para evitar futuros conflictos.La presente revisión historiográfica de la rebelión Maji Maji ilustra sobre este episodio y habla de cómo las ideologías políticas, los contextos del momento y las tendencias epistemológicas en las ciencias sociales influyeron en diversos y variados enfoques: por ello, es de interés no sólo para los estudiosos de la historia de la colonización europea de África, sino también para los cursos de historiografía mundial y de metodología de investigación histórica.
Tanganyika, today Tanzania Mainland, was one of four countries, including Namibia, Cameroon, and Togo, that suffered under German colonial rule in Africa. Formally lasting from 1885 to 1918, German ...rule over Tanganyika commenced at the peak of slave trading in the region. As such, the politico-economic modes of slavery and colonialism influenced each other variably during German rule. Some of these influences have been better studied and documented than others. Issues regarding hostility between slave traders and Germans as economic competitors exemplify cases that have received better coverage in the region. At the same time, very little is known about responses of enslaved individuals or escapees against the establishment of German rule in East Africa. Using southern Tanganyika as a case study, this article examines the place of slave runaways in the colonial process and diaspora dynamics of the region. This study reveals why and how this group exerted a noticeable force against imposition of German rule in southern Tanganyika through a famous war of resistance, popularly referred to as the Maji Maji War.
As we come to an end of the celebration of a centenary and ten years since the end of the Maji Maji War against German colonialism, it is apparently clear that the historiography on the Maji Maji War ...focuses on appreciation of the Ngoni heroism against German cruelty and colonialism, as well as the loss of life caused by hunger, casualties of the war and German atrocities. It is however, noted that this view of nationalist historiography is outdated and needs to be corrected because it has outlived its usefulness as local histories and identities reveal the Ngoni atrocities, militarism, and wars against local inhabitants similar to the German rule between 1850–1890s. The nationalist historiography, like colonial historiography, pays little attention to history of victims, rather is the story of powerful state formation, states, and statism. In the nationalist case, historical investigations pay little attention on the Ngoni aggression and plunder or on this aggression’s effects on the conditions of life and the demographic dynamics on Lake Nyasa area and East to Indian Ocean from 1850s to 1907. In particular, these wars had a profound effect on the shaping of relations between 1850s and 1907. The article analyses war, militarism, and atrocities of the Ngoni on the conditions of life in East Lake Nyasa to Indian Ocean region between 1850 and 1907. The article demonstrates that during this period the people of area were harassed by Ngoni attacks and slave trade conflicts which disrupted their ways of life. And that after the German subdual of the regional powers including the Ngoni, Yao and Arab traders, relative peace and stability were restored briefly until the Maji Maji war brought further war calamities, instability and confusions. All in all, the Ngoni warlordism and militarism played large part in shaping history of modern southern Tanzania.
Numerous objects are kept in the storages of the Ethnologisches Museum, Berlin that were plundered from what was then known as German East Africa during the German colonial period of 1886-1918, for ...instance, during the Maji Maji War. In the project ""Humboldt Lab Tanzania"" Tanzanian and German academics, curators and artists take a critical look at selected artefacts, among them a large Swahili drum, objects of healing and a talisman. With the Ethnologisches Museum's imminent move to the Humboldt Forum, the collections from the former German colonies and their often-problematic provenance have again come under the focus of public awareness. The project participants from Germany and Tanzania test out new ethnological, historical and museological approaches to this shared ""colonial legacy"". The focus will be on the role and significance of the objects in the past and today as well as on the question of how to deal with ethnological collections from colonial contexts: In which way these sensitive objects and their histories can be (re)presented ? Where is the appropriate location for these objects? How can cooperation be shaped? And which new perspectives are being opened by a joint provenance research? Texte des gesamten Buches sind dreisprachig in Deutsch, Englisch und Kiswahili.
INTRODUCTION: Acute diarrheal diseases are the leading cause of preventable death, especially among children under-five in developing countries. Worldwide and nationwide diarrheal disease is the ...second leading cause of death in under-five year children. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess perception of lactating mothers' toward diarrheal disease in Mizan-Aman District, South-West Ethiopia. METHODS: community based cross-sectional quantitative study supplemented by qualitative study. A total of 383 selected households with the lactating mothers were involved in the study. Data was collected through face-to-face interview technique by trained data collectors. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multiple logistic regressions analysis was used to identify the independent predictors. Odds ratio, with 95% confidence level and P = 0.05 were used to determine statistically significant association. RESULTS: the majority of the respondents had primary education (44.4%) and from rural area (52.2%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that past experience of diarrheal disease at household had association with residence AOR = 4.79(1.33,7.78), educational status AOR = 0.72(0.55,1.29, Wealth index AOR = 8.9(0.99,17.45), knowledge AOR = 2.34(1.2-4.3). Perceived susceptibility AOR = 0.44 (0.33,11.33) and perceived severity of their child to diarrheal disease AOR 0.24CI (1.23,7.99). CONCLUSION: lactating mothers' perceptions toward their child probability of getting diarrheal disease and danger of the disease with primary education and above protected their children against diarrhea better than mothers with no education. Thus, implementing effective educational programs that emphasize on the benefit of complying with nationally recommended practice to prevent diarrheal disease is important to reduce the risk.
PDF