In this communication experimental and theoretical results are reported affording strong evidence that interactions between electron rich atoms and the metal of tetroxide anions of group 7 elements ...are a new case of attractive and σ‐hole interactions. Single crystal X‐ray analyses, molecular electrostatic potentials, quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules, and noncovalent interaction plot analyses show that in crystalline permanganate and perrhenate salts the metal in Mn/ReO4− anion can act as electron acceptors, the oxygen of another Mn/ReO4− anion can act as the donor and supramolecular anionic dimers or polymers are formed. The name matere bond (MaB) is proposed to categorize these noncovalent interactions and to differentiate them from the classical metal‐ligand coordination bond.
A new case: Single crystal X‐ray analyses, molecular electrostatic potentials, quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules, and noncovalent interaction plot index analyses show that Mn/Tc/ReO4− anions self‐assemble in the solid and in solution and afford dimers and supramolecular polyanionic infinite chains thanks to the matere bond (MaB, Ma=Mn, Tc, Re, (Bh)), a new entry in the palette of σ‐hole interactions.
In this manuscript we evaluate the X‐ray structure of five new pertechnetate derivatives of general formula M(H2O)4(TcO4)2, M=Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn (compounds 1–5) and one perrhenate compound ...Zn(H2O)4(ReO4)2 (6). In these complexes the metal center exhibits an octahedral coordination with the pertechnetate units as axial ligands. All compounds exhibit the formation of directional Tc⋅⋅⋅O Matere bonds (MaBs) that propagate the M(H2O)4(TcO4)2, into 1D supramolecular polymers in the solid state. Such 1D polymers are linked, generating 2D layers, by combining additional MaBs and hydrogen bonds (HBs). Such concurrent motifs have been analyzed theoretically, suggesting the noncovalent σ‐hole nature of the MaBs. The interaction energies range from weak (~ −2 kcal/mol) for the MaBs to strong (~ −30 kcal/mol) for the MaB+HB assemblies, where HB dominates. In case of M=Zn, the corresponding perrhenate Zn(H2O)4(ReO4)2 complex, has been also synthesized for comparison purposes, resulting in the formation of an isostructural X‐ray structure, corroborating the structure‐directing role of Matere bonds.
Unveiling the structure of new pertechnetate derivatives: a journey through 1d and 2d supramolecular polymer formation dictated by matere bonds in combination with hydrogen bonds.
The term matere bond has been recently used to refer to an attractive noncovalent interaction between any element of group 7 acting as an electrophile and any atom (or group of atoms) acting as a ...nucleophile. The utilization of metals such as σ-hole donors is starting to attract the attention of the scientific community. In this manuscript, a comparison between matere bonds and well-known σ-hole interactions (halogen and chalcogen bonds) is carried out using three X-ray structures, retrieved from the Cambridge structural database (CSD), and density functional theory calculations (DFT). The novelty of this work resides in the utilization of a neutral Re(VII) system as the matere bond donor and multivalent chalcogen and halogen donors. In fact, as far as our knowledge extends, the description of σ-hole interactions in Se(VI) is unprecedented in the literature. The σ-hole interactions in Re(VII), Se(VI) and Cl(VII) electron acceptors are analyzed and compared using several computational tools.
Noncovalent interactions involving metals as electron acceptors are continuously under investigation. The term “matere bond” has been proposed to identify noncovalent donor–acceptor interactions ...where elements of group 7 of the periodic table play the role of the electrophilic site. Most of the works on matere bonds involve rhenium atoms usually in +7 oxidation state. This work emphasizes for the first time their importance in technetium derivatives in several oxidation states (+7, +6, +5, and +3). The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to demonstrate the structure directing role of matere bonds in X-ray structures, even involving anion⋯anion interactions. Further characterization of the matere bonds is provided using Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) surface calculations, the “Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules” (QTAIM), and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analyses. It should be emphasized that some types of matere bonds reported herein have not been previously described in literature.
Abstract Background Several researches indicate that most child victims delay disclosing of sexual abuse for significant periods of time. There are numerous reasons as to why children are avoiding ...the disclosure of the abuse. The aim of this study was to determine how a mother’s response to a child’s allegations impacts the child’s willingness to disclose sexual abuse. Methods We conducted a retrospective quantitative and qualitative analysis of 73 court-referred cases of child sexual abuse which have been disclosed in Slovenia in the last ten years. All the child victims included in the study were female and the perpetrators adult male persons. The expert opinions were made by the same expert. Results We realized that, at the occurrence of abuse, the child victims were from 4 to 15 years old and their mean age was at 11. 5 years. About two-thirds of children were victims of the intra-familial type (61.6%) and a little more than one third of extra-familial type of sexual abuse (38.4%). The group of victims with the support of their mothers needed about 9 months to disclose the secret, while the delay of the disclosure in the cases without the support of mothers was much longer (M=6.9 years). Conclusion For female child victims of sexual abuse the perceived protective attitude of their mothers is very important. Especially when the sexual abuse happened in the family, the mother’s support can attribute to stop the ongoing abuse, eliminate its immediate effects and decrease its likely negative long-term outcome.
To examine the effects of various maternal and neonatal perinatal factors on the child's body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness at school-age.
Data from two registries, the SLOfit database (a ...national surveillance system of children's motor and physical development) and Slovenian National Perinatal Information System (NPIS) were analysed. Perinatal data for 2,929 children born in 2008 were linked to results of SLOfit testing of these children in 2016. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the potential relationship between several perinatal factors (very preterm birth, birth mass, maternal age, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, parity, plurality, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, mode of delivery, presentation, Apgar score at 5 minutes, and admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)) and child's BMI or child's physical fitness index (PFI) at the age of eight years. We also included child's school grade and maternal educational level in the analysis. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Children born to mothers with lower pre-pregnancy BMI and higher education had lower BMI and higher PFI (p<0.001) at school-age. Physical fitness was also inversely associated with nulliparity (p<0.001) and NICU admission (p=0.020).
Among all perinatal factors studied, higher maternal education and lower pre-pregnancy BMI seem to be the most significant determinants of child's BMI and physical fitness at school-age.
Izhodišče. Sladkorna bolezen tipa 1 je ena izmed pogostejših kroničnih bolezni v otroštvu. Optimalno vodenje in presnovna urejenost otrokove sladkorne bolezni sta povezana z aktivno vključenostjo ...staršev/ skrbnikov, podporo otroku pri nadzoru nad boleznijo in funkcionalnostjo družine. Raziskava predstavlja oceno zadovoljstva staršev s programom skupine za starše in njihovo doživljanje vpliva omenjenega programa na življenje otroka in spoprijemanje z njegovo SBT1.
Objectives. Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Active parental involvement, parental support in the diabetes management and family functioning are associated ...with optimal diabetes management and glycemic control. The purpose of this study was to assess parental satisfaction with participation in the group and their perceptions of the impact of the intervention on living and coping with childrens T1D.
Methods. A sample of 34 parents of children with T1D participated in this trend study. The participants’ experience and satisfaction with support group was measured by a self- evaluation questionnaire, designed for the purpose of the present study.
Results. Quantitative data show that parents were overall satisfied with almost all measured items of the evaluation questionnaire (wellbeing in the group, feeling secure, experiencing new things, being able to talk and feeling being heard) during the 4-year period. However, parents from the second and third season, on average, found that the support group has better fulfilled their expectations than the parents from the first season (p = 0,010). The qualitative analysis of the participants’ responses to the open-ended questions was underpinned by four themes: support when confronting the diagnosis, transformation of the family dynamics, me as a parent, exchange of experience and good practice and facing the world outside the family.
Discussion. The presented parent support group showed to be a promising supportive, therapeutic and psychoeducative space where parents could strengthen their role in the upbringing of their child with T1D.
Izhodišče. Sladkorna bolezen tipa 1 je ena izmed pogostejših kroničnih bolezni v otroštvu. Optimalno vodenje in presnovna urejenost otrokove sladkorne bolezni sta povezana z aktivno vključenostjo staršev/ skrbnikov, podporo otroku pri nadzoru nad boleznijo in funkcionalnostjo družine. Raziskava predstavlja oceno zadovoljstva staršev s programom skupine za starše in njihovo doživljanje vpliva omenjenega programa na življenje otroka in spoprijemanje z njegovo SBT1.
Metode. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 34 staršev otrok s SBT1. Udeleženci so izpolnili evalvacijski vprašalnik o izkušnji in zadovoljstvu s skupino za starše, ki je bil sestavljen za namen te raziskave.
Rezultati. Kvantitativni podatki so pokazali, da so bili starši v splošnem zadovoljni pri skoraj vseh merjenih postavkah (počutje v skupini, občutek varnosti, odkrivanje novih stvari, možnost pogovora, občutek slišanosti) v štirih sezonah skupine za starše, razen pri postavki izpolnitev pričakovanj. Udeleženci iz druge in tretje sezone so poročali, da je skupina izpolnila njihova pričakovanja v večji meri, kot pa so o svojih pričakovanjih poročali udeleženci iz prve sezone (p = 0,010). Kvalitativna analiza odprtih vprašanj je pokazala štiri teme: opora skupine pri soočanju z diagnozo SBT1, preoblikovanje družinske dinamike, vzgoja otroka s SBT1, izmenjava konkretnih izkušenj in dobrih praks ter soočanje z okoljem. Tema »opora skupine pri soočanju z diagnozo SBT1« je prevladujoča v vseh štirih sezonah.
Razprava. Skupina za starše se kaže kot pomemben terapevtski, podporni in psihoedukativni dejavnik; v njej starši ob voditeljih in drugih udeležencih krepijo svojo pomembno vlogo, ki jo imajo v življenju otroka s SBT1.
A Kenyan farmer, Zack Matere, has developed an original way to post agricultural information. He searches the web for useful agricultural information, then posts it on notice boards around his ...community helping other producers to improve their crops. He started farming vegetables, and first encountered information & communication technology when a strange disease attacked his potatoes. Not even the agricultural officer could diagnose the cause. Matere invested in a 3G-enabled phone which he could use to look for information online from the comfort of his home. Matere is lucky, he is Internet literate, but thousands of farmers in his area do not even know how to use cell phones. Matere has therefore become the bridge between these farmers and the Internet. Although agriculture makes up 30% of Kenya's GDP, and employs 80% of Kenyans, mass media still only caters to a general audience.
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