The Community Design movement advocates that mismanagement of the physical environment is a major factor contributing to social and economic ills of a community. This book provides the proven tools ...and techniques for bringing community members into the community design process successfully and productively. It offers 15 case studies chronicling community design projects around the world; provides coverage of educational, housing, and urban and rural environments; describes proven and culture-neutral approaches to educating participants in their design options and the consequences of their choices; and presents checklists, worksheets, questionnaires, and other tools to assist in the community design effort. The information provided emphasizes the participatory process and the specific techniques applied to each project, including the stages of participation, who should participate, and the consequences of participation. (Contains 173 references.) (GR)
This compelling account charts the relentless trajectory of humankind, and its changing survival and disease patterns, across place and time from when our ancient ancestors roamed the African ...Savannah to today's populous, industrialised, globalising world. This expansion of human frontiers - geographic, climatic, cultural and technological - has encountered frequent setbacks from disease, famine and dwindling resources. The social and environmental transformations wrought by agrarianism, industrialisation, fertility control, social modernisation, urbanisation and mass consumption have profoundly affected patterns of health and disease. Today, as life expectancies rise, the planet's ecosystems are being damaged by the combined weight of population size and intensive economic activity. Global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion and loss of biodiversity pose large-scale hazards to human health and survival. Recognising this, can we achieve a transition to sustainability? This and other profound questions underlie this chronicle of expansive human activity, social change, environmental impact and their health consequences.
Poorer people live shorter lives and are more often ill than the rich. This disparity has drawn attention to the remarkable sensitivity of health to the social environment. This publication examines ...this social gradient in health, and explains how psychological and social influences affect physical health and longevity. It then looks at what is known about the most important social determinants of health today, and the role that public policy can play in shaping a social environment that is more conducive to better health. This second edition relies on the most up-to-date sources in its selection and description of the main social determinants of health in our society today. Key research sources are given for each: stress, early life, social exclusion, working conditions, unemployment, social support, addiction, healthy food and transport policy. Policy and action for health need to address the social determinants of health, attacking the causes of ill health before they can lead to problems. This is a challenging task for both decision-makers and public health actors and advocates. This publication provides the facts and the policy options that will enable them to act.
With the recent redeployment of more than 5,000 troops to Iraq, some Colorado Springs apartments have emptied out and rents have dropped, according to a new report by commercial brokerage Doug Carter ...LLC of Colorado Springs. another, more recent factor in higher vacancies and lower rents is the loss of the 5,200-soldier 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment at Fort Carson, which left at the end of February to return to Iraq. Two years ago, Colony Hills was full, but then saw its occupancy plummet to 50 percent when the war began. This time around, Gold Crown has launched a program to retain military family members -- offering to slash rents in half for spouses who remain as tenants while their husbands or wives are deployed. Seven to 10 renters have taken advantage of the program, Eileen Mestas said.
En torno al 25% de los pacientes con nefropatía IgA (NIgA) progresa hacia el estadio 5 de la enfermedad renal crónica tras años de evolución. En los últimos años se han desarrollado diversas ...herramientas diseñadas para predecir qué pacientes evolucionan peor. El valor de IgA1 galactosil-deficiente (Gd-IgA1) circulante se ha relacionado con una peor evolución de la NIgA en algunos estudios. También hay varios trabajos que relacionan valores más elevados de APRIL con una peor evolución. Recientemente se ha desarrollado un método que permite medir el valor de Gd-IgA1 circulante de una manera más sencilla que los previamente disponibles. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la influencia de la Gd-IgA1 circulante, medida por este método, en la progresión de la NIgA.
Se seleccionaron 49 pacientes con diagnóstico de NIgA demostrado mediante biopsia renal en nuestro centro, sin haber recibido tratamiento inmunosupresor previo, de los que se dispusiera de suero congelado. La mediana de seguimiento fue de cuatro años. Se midió Gd-IgA1 mediante ELISA independiente de lectina con el anticuerpo monoclonal KM55 (IgA1 kit Cat. No 30111694. IBL Int., Hamburgo, Alemania). Así mismo también se midieron los niveles de APRIL en estos pacientes.
19 (38,8%) pacientes alcanzaron ERC estadio 5. El cuarto cuartil de Gd-IgA1 circulante se relacionaba con un mayor riesgo acumulado de llegar a ERC estadio 5 en el análisis de Kaplan-Meier (riesgo al 5 año 39,4% vs. 24,3%; log rank p = 0,019). El valor de Gd-IgA1 se relacionaba con un mayor riesgo de ERC estadio 5 (HR 1,147; IC 95%: 1,035-1,270; p = 0,009), independientemente del filtrado glomerular, la proteinuria, el porcentaje de glomérulos esclerosados y el valor de esclerosis segmentaria. No encontramos diferencias significativas en los valores de APRIL.
El valor de Gd-IgA1 circulante medido mediante el anticuerpo monoclonal KM55 se relaciona con una peor evolución de los pacientes con NIgA independientemente de otras variables, por lo que se podría incluir en el estudio de los pacientes para mejorar la predicción del riesgo de progresión de la enfermedad.
About 25% of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) progress to stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) after years of evolution. Various tools have been developed in recent years designed to predict which of the patients will had poorer outcomes. The value of circulating galactosyl-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) has been related to a worse evolution of IgAN in several studies. There are also some publications that relate higher APRIL values with a worse evolution. Recently, a new method has been developed that allows measuring the value of circulating Gd-IgA1 in a simpler way than those previously available. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of circulating Gd-IgA1, measured by this method, on the progression of IgAN.
Forty-nine patients with a diagnosis of IgAN demonstrated by renal biopsy were selected in our center, without having received prior immunosuppressive treatment, for whom frozen serum was available. The median follow-up was 4 years. Gd-IgA1 was measured by lectin-independent ELISA with the monoclonal antibody KM55 (IgA1 kit Cat. No. 30111694. IBL Int., Hamburg, Germany). Likewise, APRIL levels were also measured in these patients.
19 (38.8%) patients reached stage 5 CKD. The fourth quartile of circulating Gd-IgA1 was related to a higher cumulative risk of reaching stage 5 CKD in the Kaplan–Meier analysis (risk at the 5th year 39.4% vs. 24.3%, log rank p=0.019). The Gd-IgA1 value was related to an increased risk of CKD stage 5 (HR 1.147, 95% CI 1.035–1.270, p=0.009), regardless of glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, the percentage of sclerosed glomeruli and the value of segmental sclerosis. We did not find significant differences in the APRIL values.
The value of circulating Gd-IgA1 measured by the monoclonal antibody KM55 is related to a worse evolution of patients with IgAN independently of other variables, so it could be included in the study of patients to improve the prediction of the risk of disease progression.
Queer Sites Higgs, David
1999, 20020104, 2002-01-04
eBook
There are areas which can be described as gay space in that they have many lesbians and gays in the population. Queerspace: A History of Urban Sexuality, edited by David Higgs, offers a history of ...gay space in the major cities form the early modern period to the present. The book focuses on the changing nature of queer experience in London, Amsterdam, Rio de Janiero, San Francisco, Paris, Lisbon and Moscow. This book provides an interdisciplinary analysis of extensive source material, including diaries, poems, legal accounts and journalism. By concentrating the importance of the city and varied meeting places such as parks, river walks, bathing places, the street, bars and even churches, the contributors explore the extent to which gay space existed, the degree of social collectiveness felt by those who used this space and their individual histories.
In this important study, Janet Abu-Lughod presents a groundbreaking reinterpretation of global economic evolution and provides a new paradigm for understanding the evolution of world systems by ...tracing the rise of a system that, at its peak in the opening decades of the fourteenth century, involved a vast region stretching between northwest Europe and China. Writing in a clear and lively style, Abu-Lughod explores the reasons for the eventual decay of this system and the rise of European hegemony. She concludes with a provocative analysis of our current world economy, suggesting that we may be moving towards a pluralistic world similar in important respects to that of the thirteenth century.
The author explains what planners and local officials can learn from sustainable city movement in Europe. The book draws from extensive European experience, examining progress and policies in ...innovative cities including Vienna, Helsinki, and Stockholm.
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