Two late eighth-century Latin gospel books have recently been identified as witnesses to the pre-Vulgate text of the Gospel according to John. In this article, their text of Mark is analysed and ...shown also to contain significant Old Latin material notwithstanding their general affiliation to the Vulgate. VL 11A (Würzburg, Universitätsbibliothek M.p.th.f. 67) has an unaltered Old Latin portion between Mark 10:30 and 11:5 and earlier readings throughout the manuscript. There are a number of unique or poorly-attested variants, including de publico in 7:4 and cum omni sollicitudine in Mark 14:44 which may give some clues about the origin of the text. VL 9A (St Petersburg, National Library of Russia F.v.I.8) has a mixed text with a significant proportion of Old Latin readings in Mark 10-14. Some of these are only paralleled by VL 1 (Codex Bobiensis) and represent a very early Latin version. In certain introductions to direct speech, this is the only Latin witness which corresponds to the earliest Greek form of text. It is also suggested that the Durham Gospels (or a closely related manuscript) may have been used to adjust VL 9A towards the Vulgate. A critical apparatus is provided for Mark in each manuscript.
This study discussed the electric energy potential of renewable energy in Awaji Island, Japan. In addition, the electric energy self-sufficiency ratio of renewable energy in 2050 was estimated in ...order to investigate the possibility of achieving 100% electric energy potential through renewable energy. We targeted renewable energy sources such as biomass, wind power, and PV. Firstly, the available energy from biomass was calculated. Next, the electric energy potentials from wind power and PV were also estimated, taking into account the current situation of island operations and future plans for instalment. The 2010 electric energy demand in Awaji Island was then calculated using statistical data. We also designed eight scenarios combining future forecasts of population and GDP and energy shifts.
Hva er en fruktbar forståelse av tjenestemønsteret i Den norske kirke? Artikkelen presenterer og drøfter tre sentrale aktørers posisjoner. Professorene Trond Skard Dokka, Stephanie Dietrich og Harald ...Hegstad har på ulike måter bidratt til Den norske kirkes forståelse av tjenestemønsteret. I artikkelen viser jeg at de opererer med ulike utgangspunkt og forståelser, samtidig som de forhandler mellom ulike posisjoner. Jeg søker å forstå hvilke teologiske hensyn som i sterkest grad ivaretas i posisjonene, og hvilke perspektiver som på mest tilfredsstillende måte ivaretar enhet og mangfold innenfor samme oppdrag: å samles om Ord og sakrament.
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of research in Polish practical theology, focusing on the significant pastoral challenges confronted by the Catholic ...Church in Poland today. Comprising two parts, the study begins with a descriptive analysis of the institutional framework of Polish theology. It highlights the contemporary landscape of Polish ecclesiastical universities and theological faculties, addressing concerns regarding didactics and the declining enrollment of theology students. Additionally, the article explores the recent evaluation principles employed by the Ministry of Education and Science for assessing Polish theological faculties. The second part of the article presents a research-based investigation into the primary pastoral problems in Poland, drawing on selected literature sources. These issues encompass: (1) the decreasing number of
dominicantes
and
communicantes
, (2) the Church’s engagement in the digital realm, (3) challenges associated with youth ministry, (4) the decline in student participation in religious education classes, (5) the absence of adult catechesis, and (6) the complexities surrounding the use of religious language. In response to the titular inquiry regarding Poland’s status as a bastion of Christendom, the study offers a cautiously affirmative response, considering certain reservations. Research findings demonstrate that the profile of Polish Catholics has undergone an inevitable evolution towards secularization in recent years, with Polish pastoral care not always keeping pace with this shifting mentality.
The main aspects of the activity of the police of the Ukrainian SSR related to the fighting against crime in the late 1950s have been studied. Historiography of this problem is virtually absent, ...Ukrainian scholars, historians of law, have not directly studied this topic and period. The essence of the criminal law policy of the state in the first years of de-Stalinization has been highlighted. Since the mid-1950s, legislative activity in Ukraine has become more intense, the number of new regulations has increased rapidly, and their quality has improved. The death penalty – execution by firing squad - was declared an exceptional measure of punishment. Its application was allowed only for the most serious and dangerous for the state crimes specified in the law. The maximum term of imprisonment has sharply decreased from 25 to 15 years. Statistics on the general state of criminal crime in this period are given. Forms and methods in combating crime management by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic are analyzed, in particular the content and direction of directives and orientations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, their differences, features of inspections of operational and service activities of individual police departments of the regions with further consideration of its results at the board of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the importance of all these measures in improving the work of local police. The state of crime in certain areas and indicated measures to improve the work of local police in this area are analyzed in the directives. Orientations in their structure and content were slightly less administrative than directives, as they were not signed by the Minister of the Interior, but by the Deputy Minister of Police and at the same time the Head of the Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR or one of the Interior Ministry departments. They also had a little more specificity on examples of crimes. There were some shortcomings in the work of the police, primarily due to staff shortages. Yes, there were people among the traffic inspectors who did not have driver's license and could not drive a car. But in general, the results of police work in these years have been positive. By 1959, the criminogenic situation had improved, the number of serious crimes had decreased, and police officers had used a wide arsenal of tools to combat crime, including active search and investigative work using the secret service.
The article examines the insufficiently studied in historical and legal science issue of the activities of such a controversial political figure of the first post-Stalin months of 1953 as Pavlo ...Yakovlevych Meshyk. It is emphasised that he, having a university degree (which was rare for NKVD personnel in those years) and significant organisational skills, made a successful career in the central apparatus of the People’s Commissariat in the late 1930s. This was also due to the patronage of P. Meshyk by L. Beria. P. Meshyk was directly involved in Stalin’s repressions. In 1941, at the age of 30, he first became People’s Commissar for State Security of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1943, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General. From 1945 until March 1953, he worked on the implementation of the Soviet nuclear project. He was awarded the Order of Lenin (1949) for his active participation in the implementation of the nuclear programme, and later even received the Stalin Prize in Science and Technology (1951). In March 1953, he was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic, where he pursued a policy of strengthening the rule of law in the activities of the state security agencies and purging them of the most odious and incompetent employees. At the same time, a policy was implemented to rid the state security agencies of their dependence on the influence of the Communist Party. At the same time, P. Meshyk came into conflict with some party officials, including the then leader of the republic, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CP(B)U, L. Melnikov. As a result, L. Melnikov was dismissed. P. Meshyk also took some measures to “root” the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, translated the ministry’s office work into Ukrainian, eased some of the Soviet government’s repressive policies towards the Ukrainian national liberation movement, actually restored the normal operation of Lviv State University, and improved contacts with Western Ukrainian intellectuals. These were positive aspects of the minister’s activities that can be assessed as attempts at reform. However, P. Meshyk stayed in the post of Minister of the Interior for only three months. In June 1953, he was arrested and later convicted on charges of treason and conspiracy to seize power, and in December of the same year, Meshyk was shot dead. He was partially rehabilitated in 2000.
The need for ministerial training has been debated for some time now. On the one hand is the view that when one receives ministerial gifts from God, the person is already equipped for ministry and ...does not need any formal training. On the other hand is the contention that having ministerial gifts alone does not make one ready for ministry; there is a need for formal training to prepare one for effective ministry. This paper argued for the necessity to formally train people for the ordained ministry using the Methodist Church Ghana as a case study. The paper examined selected aspects of the process of candidature into the ordained ministry and then demonstrated how each step prepares the candidate for ministerial efficiency. The paper used a literature-research approach to gather data from books, articles and dissertations/theses on the subject. The main finding was that the process of candidature in the Methodist Church Ghana involves series of stages, each of which is meant to scrutinize one’s call and/or to prepare the candidate adequately for ministry. The paper recommended that each individuals or groups who are part of the candidature process must be effective and unbiased in their scrutiny in order to ensure that only those who are truly called are accepted into the ministry. The paper contributes to scholarship on practical theology, specifically the area of pastoral ministry.
Keywords: Methodist Church Ghana, Call, Ministry, Candidature
Vuyani Vellem was a distinguished scholar of black theology of liberation. A number of giants of black scholarship and theologians have written constructive tributes in recognition of his work, ...particularly in academia. He has rightly been lauded as an excellent academic, but very little has been said about his role as a churchman. Despite being an outstanding African theologian, Vellem’s ministerial formation was hewed in the context of the black-conscious minister from the African Christian missionary church enterprise. He was a trailblazer, a voice of the voiceless within the church, in South African black communities, in ecumenical relations and globally. This article reflects on the crucial role of yobufundisi bonyana womgquba or womthonyama ministry of the son of the soil, land or earth, in which Vuyani Vellem relentlessly served the church until his untimely death at the age of 50 years on 04 December 2019. The article argues that Vellem unrelentingly loved and served the Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa (UPCSA) with distinction as its first black general secretary at a transitional epoch in the postapartheid era where the Reformed Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa came into union with the Presbyterian Church of Southern Africa in 1999 to form the current UPCSA.Contribution The scholarly contribution of this article adds value and significant tribute to the ministry of Vellem, his quest for justice and unshackling of the church. It seeks to espouse ubufundisi bakhe his ministry within the UPCSA, his perpetual calling in serving the needy and downtrodden. Moreover, the article contributes a practica reflectere of his spirituality, black consciousness and life identity with underprivileged black churches and communities.
The Indonesian government has recently implemented a new education policy called "Kurikulum Merdeka". This policy aims to provide more flexibility and freedom for Madrasahs and teachers to develop ...their own curriculum and teaching methods that are better suited to the needs of their students. Kurikulum Merdeka is considered a departure from the previous centralized curriculum system, which was heavily focused on standardized testing and did not always reflect the diversity and local context of Indonesian society. This article aims to investigate the implications of Kurikulum Merdeka on Indonesian Madrasahs. The method used in this research was qualitative by collecting any literature related to Merdeka Belajar Curriculum. However, the implementer's attitude dimensions have a lower average value and require care. The implementer's attitude is crucial because support, resistance, and dedication are markers of the program's effectiveness. For teachers, lecturers, and students alike, MBKM is one of the crucial policies in the growth of higher institutions. There are eight Merdeka Learning Campus Merdeka programs, as shown by the findings, including: 1) student exchange, 2) apprenticeship/work experience, 3) teaching in educational establishments, 4) projects in villages, 5) research, 6) entrepreneurial endeavors, 7) independent study, and 8) charitable endeavors.
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