The accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the biotic and abiotic components of the marine environment poses a major threat to marine ecosystems worldwide. The objective of this study was to ...document, for the first time, differences in MP accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract of two commercially important fish species and to evaluate the possible correlation between MP accumulation in the biotic (fish) and abiotic (sediment) components of the marine environment of the Montenegrin coast (Adriatic Sea). Samples were collected from two areas of the Montenegrin coast, Boka Kotorska Bay and the coastal part of the open sea. The frequency of MP ingestion was 58.6 % for Mullus barbatus and 54 % for Merluccius merluccius, while the average number of ingested MPs was 2.9 ± 0.5 and 3.2 ± 1.0 items/individual, respectively. Average MP abundance in surface sediments from Boka Kotorska Bay and the coastal part of the open sea was 315 ± 45 and 435 ± 258 MPs/kg of dry sediment, respectively. Most MPs identified were filaments, followed by fragments and films, while the most abundant polymers found in fish and sediments samples were polypropylene and polyethylene. The present results indicate that MP pollution in the study area is reflected in the accumulation of MPs in the biotic (fish) and abiotic (sediment) components of the marine environment. Measures need to be taken to reduce the input of plastics/MPs into the marine environment.
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•Microplastic (MP) pollution is widely detected in biotic and abiotic environment.•First study for MP ingestion in fish collected along the coasts of Montenegro.•Habitat is an important factor influencing the ingestion of MP by fish.•Positive correlation was found in MP concentration in fish and sediment samples.
The aim of this research was to determine anthropometric indices as indicators of obesity of children in Montenegro. The research involved 135 children from Montenegro and sample of examinees is ...divided into two sub-samples. The fi rst sub-sample of the examinees consisted of 66 boys aged 7-8 years from Nikšić and Kotor, while the other sub-sample consisted of 69 girls also aged 7-8 years from Niksic and Kotor. Anthropometric characteristics were evaluated by a battery of 4 variables: body height, body weight, waist and hip circumference. Mentioned variables were used to calculate following anthropometric indices which gave as informations about obesity: Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The standard central and dispersive parameters of all variables are calculated. The signifi cance of the diff erences between the children in the ratios was determined by a t-test for small independent samples. It was not found that the children with diff erent gender have statistically signifi cant diff erences in analyzed ratios as indicators of obesity. Thus, it was found that 16.3% of children were obese and those results will help us to realize that we have to adequately aff ect on detected problem.
In 2017, the Regional Verification Commission for Measles and Rubella Elimination (RVC) of the World Health Organization confirmed that measles elimination was sustained in Montenegro, and the ...previous endemic transmission remained interrupted. However, the RVC was extremely concerned over the continuing low vaccination coverage reported for this country. In this study, we describe the most recent measles epidemic in Montenegro using the epidemiological data collected from January 1 to July 31, 2018. The outbreak is largely attributable to a dangerous accumulation of susceptible subjects across the country and represents a high‐risk factor for re‐establishing endemic transmission in the Balkan area. This study showed how a vaccine‐preventable communicable disease outbreak can have a dramatic impact and severe consequences on regional public health system performance in terms of the sanitary spending point of view. A detailed update is provided on the epidemiological situation in this Central European area, not available until now.
Highlights
On 2017, the Regional Verification Commission for Measles and Rubella Elimination (RVC) of World Health Organization confirmed that measles elimination was sustained in Montenegro, and the previous endemic transmission remained interrupted.
The reduction in vaccination coverage was one of the main causes of the measles outbreak in Montenegro in 2018: this report provides information on the impact of the epidemic on the national health service and complements the gap in epidemiological data on measles trends available for this country of the WHO European Region.
Large-scale coupling between headwater catchments and downstream depocentres is a critical influence on long-term fluvial system behaviour and on the creation of the fluvial sedimentary record. ...However, it is often difficult to examine this control over multiple Quaternary glacial cycles and it has not been fully explored in karst basins. By investigating the Pleistocene glacial and fluvial records on and around Mount Orjen (1894 m) in Montenegro, we show how the changing connectivity between glaciated mountain headwater source zones and downstream alluvial basins is a key feature of long-term karst system behaviour – especially in relation to the creation and preservation of the surface sedimentary record. Middle and Late Pleistocene glacial deposits are well preserved on Mount Orjen. Uranium-series dating of 27 carbonate cements in fluvial sediments shows that many alluvial depocentres were completely filled with coarse glacial outwash before 350ka during the largest recorded glaciation. This major glaciation is correlated with the Skamnellian Stage in Greece and Marine Isotope Stage 12 (MIS 12, c 480–420ka). This was a period of profound landscape change in many glaciated catchments on the Balkan Peninsula. Later glaciations were much less extensive and sediment supply to fluvial systems was much diminished. The extreme base level falls of the Late Miocene produced the world's deepest karst networks around the Mediterranean. After MIS 12, the subterranean karst of Mount Orjen formed the dominant pathway for meltwater and sediment transfer so that the depositional basins below 1000 m became disconnected (uncoupled) from the glaciated headwaters. There is little evidence of post-MIS 12 aggradation or incision in these basins. This absence of later Pleistocene and Holocene fluvial activity means these basins contain some of the thickest and best-preserved outwash deposits in the Mediterranean.
•We assess glacial–fluvial system coupling over multiple glacial cycles.•We analyse 12 alluvial records using 48 sedimentary exposures and 27 U-series ages.•MIS 12 was a period of profound landscape change and enhanced sediment supply.•Deep karst exerted a major control on Pleistocene glacial–fluvial processes.•Karst drainage is a major control on the preservation of the alluvial record.
Enligt flera definitioner av det något lösa samtida begreppet ”hybridkrigföring”, i betydelsen primärt mellanstatliga konflikter av den typ som utspelade sig på Krim 2014 och i östra Ukraina sedan ...2015, är underrättelsekomponenten en central resurs för den angripande parten. Detta öppnar upp en ny roll för kontraspionaget, som utöver sina traditionella uppgifter nu också måste ha beredskap att bemöta hybridkrigföring, i synnerhet i inledningsfaserna av en konflikt. Utifrån en fallstudie av det misslyckade kuppförsöket i Montenegro 2016 presenteras fyra olika slutsatser: att initiativet till liknande operationer kan komma från personer utanför angriparens ordinarie statsapparat; att tiden från det att nyckelpersoner rekryterats lokalt till operationens genomförande kan vara mycket kort; att det angripna landets säkerhetstjänst kan behöva prioritera prevention över bevissäkring; samt att den lokala säkerhetstjänstens organisationskultur eventuellt kan utgöra en försvårande faktor i bemötandet av denna typ av hot.
The subject of this paper is the development of a conceptual design proposal for the official residence for the President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito on the Adriatic coast of Miločer, Budva ...(1975-1980). The research aims to unveil patterns of the regionalist approach within urban and architectural thought in the Socialist Republic of Montenegro (SR Montenegro) through the project of the presidential complex, shown here for the first time since its official presentation to the president himself in 1976. In methodological terms, the paper examines multiple layers of historical background of Miločer that affected the designers' process of thinking, followed by a clear-cut description of the planning procedures, methodologies and reasoning that emerged from the archives and the first-hand witnesses of the whole process. The final results reflect on the critical approach within the practice of the post-war generation of Montenegrin architects, successfully balancing between the poles of power-representation and contemporary architectural currents.
This study focuses on structure and kinematics of the 1979 Mw 7.1 Montenegro earthquake. Although this event represents the strongest instrumentally recorded event in the entire Dinarides-Hellenides ...fold-and-thrust belt, no tectonic model relating this event to any particular fault existed so far. We combined onshore geological information with well logs, seismic lines, bathymetric data, seismotectonic and seismological data as well as cross-section balancing techniques into a new structural model for the area. Our results suggest that main shock and strongest aftershock (Mw 6.2) occurred on the NE-dipping basal thrust of a largely Palaeogene-age nappe system involving Cretaceous neritic carbonates. Ongoing propagation of this thrust system is documented by the existence of elongated ridges located 15 km offshore. Reflection seismic and bathymetry data reveal that the ridges form crests of actively growing fault-related anticlines. Slip distribution models of the strongest events imply that the basal thrust below the ridges accommodated up to 2.7 m of coseismic displacement. Ongoing shortening along the basal thrust also induced surface uplift of structurally higher thrust imbricates, evidenced by dry valleys incising onshore anticline crests. Combining all evidence, we speculate that the observed structural and geomorphic features resulted from repeated seismogenic faulting events as in 1979.
•New structural model of frontmost Dinarides-Hellenides fold-and-thrust belt.•Ongoing shortening documented by fault-related anticlines offshore Montenegro.•Hanging wall uplift triggered formation of dry valleys onshore.•Identification of zones of possibly increased seismic hazard along the thrust-belt.
Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia as European Union candidate countries, have to follow EU directives that include the adoption of several agri-environmental measures for promoting ...cleaner agricultural practices among farmers in the years to come. This paper aims to identify the main determinants of farmers' behavioral change towards more environmentally friendly agricultural practices in Serbia. In particular, farmers' intentions to adopt integrated pest management practices have been analyzed. Integrated pest management is a farming management approach which aims to reduce pest population in a cost-effective and environmental manner. To this aim, within a mixed-method research design framework, observational data from 400 farmers have been collected through a structured questionnaire. Theory of Planned Behavior provides conceptual as well as empirical framework for the analysis. The findings provided by structural equation modeling show that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, together with farm size, explain 49% of farmers’ intentions to adopt integrated pest management practices. On the other side, farmers environmental knowledge, education level and the use of extension services do not play a significant role in integrated pest management adoption. Even if the use of a convenience sample limits the generalization of the results to the whole population, findings provide useful information and empirical insights into the development of public policies in Serbia and other Western Balkan countries. The identification of proper incentives as well are needed to enhance the adoption of more environmentally friendly agricultural practices amongst farmers, reducing the environmental impact of agriculture.
Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, die Beziehungen zwischen dem italienischen Besatzungssystem und der montenegrinischen Gesellschaft während des Zweiten Weltkriegs zu rekonstruieren. Der italienische ...Faschismus priorisierte praxisorientierte Maßnahmen, die vor allem darauf abzielten, eine Neue Ordnung im Mittelmeerraum zu errichten. Exemplarische Einblicke in dieses repressive System liefert die Geschichte der italienischen Divisionen „Venezia“ und „Pusteria“. Die von diesen Großverbänden angewandten Strategien illustrieren den allgegenwärtigen Konflikt im italienischen Machtapparat. Daher untersucht Federico Goddi verschiedene Aspekte des Alltagslebens während der Besatzung und beleuchtet diese auch im Kontext der militärischen Repression und der ökonomischen Ausbeutung.
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