The Zambezi supracrustal sequence (ZSC) of southern Zambia comprises a metasedimentary package of clastics and carbonates, with a thick sequence of basal volcanics and lavas. The sequence has ...traditionally been interpreted as a Neoproterozoic continental rift succession, but the lack of reliable age constraints hinders any tectonic interpretation. In this article, we date magmatic and detrital zircons using the U‐Pb SHRIMP method in order to better constrain the timing of rifting, volcanism, and basin deposition. The basal volcanoclastic Kafue Rhyolite and Nazingwe formations were erupted at ca. 880 Ma, and the sequence was intruded by the Lusaka Granite at ca. 820 Ma, providing lower and upper limits on the age of sedimentation. Whole‐rock Nd isotopic signatures of these volcanics indicate that they formed as a result of assimilation and recycling of basement gneisses, probably during crustal thinning and extension. We uphold the correlation between the ZSC and the Roan Group in the Zambian Copperbelt and suggest that both successions formed in discrete rift basins along the southern margin of the Congo‐Tanzania‐Bangweulu (CTB) Craton; however, extension at this time probably did not result in complete continental separation. If the CTB Craton were an integral part of Rodinia, then rifting at ca. 880 Ma would represent one of the first known records of attempted breakup of the supercontinent.
Uvod. Zdravstvena pismenost je ključna determinanta zdravja žensk in otrok, ki ima ogromne posledice tudi na zdravje družbe. Dokazi iz epidemioloških, kliničnih in eksperimentalnih študij kažejo, da ...nezdravi življenjski slogi ter tvegano vedenje staršev pred zanositvijo in med nosečnostjo vplivajo na etiologijo različnih zdravstvenih okvar. Zmanjševanje dejavnikov tveganja, skrb za fizično dobro počutje, spremljanje fizioloških markerjev ter priprava na porod, dojenje in nego novorojenčka bi morali biti glavna odgovornost staršev v predporodnem obdobju.
Introduction. The aim of the study was to explore two aspects of neonatal prophylaxis: the application of the vitamin K injection to the newborns and the prophylaxis against chlamydial and gonococcal ...eye infections, comparing Slovenian and Croatian practices.
Methods. A causal non-experimental method of quantitative empirical approach was used. The data was collected by means of predesigned questionnaires. The questionnaires were sent to 14 Slovenian and 32 Croatian birth hospitals. The data wasanalysed with descriptive statistics and the Kullback test.
Results. Vitamin K is applied to all newborns in 9 (out of 14) Slovene and 22 (out of 32) Croatian birth hospitals that returned the questionnaire. The prophylaxis against chlamydial gonococcal eye infections is applied to all newborns in 9 Slovene and 16 Croatian birth hospitals that offered answers to the questionnaire. The majority of Slovene and Croatian birth hospitals perform these procedures in the first hour after birth. The majority of Slovene birth hospitals still apply vitamin K in the gluteal muscle, whereas the majority of Croatian birth hospitals usually use the thigh as an injection site. In Slovenia, 1 % Targesin is used for the prophylaxis against chlamydial and gonococcal eye infections, whereas in Croatia the prevailing medicine is Erythromycin.
Conclusions. The possibility of oral vitamin K application should be offered to parents, and pain management in practice should be discussed. The form of written informed consent could be offered to parents. Health professionals should provide intimacy and exclude routine procedures in the first couple of hours after birth. However, more research is needed as delayed administration might be related to lower efficacy and, as a consequence of that, the safety of newborns is questionable.
Uvod. Namen opisane raziskave je bil proučiti določene vidike neonatalne profilakse: prakso aplikacije vitamina K novorojenčkom in profilakse proti klamidijski in gonokokni okužbi oči v slovenskih in hrvaških porodnišnicah.
Metode. V raziskavi je bila uporabljena kavzalna neeksperimentalna metoda kvantitativnega empiričnega načina raziskovanja. Podatki so bili pridobljeni z vnaprej pripravljenimi vprašalniki, ki so bili razdeljeni v 14 slovenskih in 32 hrvaških porodnišnicah. Analiza podatkov je potekala z uporabo deskriptivne statistike in Kullbackovega preizkusa.
Rezultati. Ugotovili smo, da se praksa v slovenskih in hrvaških porodnišnicah glede raziskovanih parametrov neonatalne profilakse razlikuje. Devet slovenskih porodnišnic (od vseh 14) in 22 hrvaških (od vseh 32), ki so sodelovale v raziskavi, aplicira vitamin K vsem novorojenčkom. Profilaktično zaščito proti klamidijskim ali gonokoknim očesnim okužbam pa izvajajo v 9 slovenskih in 16 hrvaških porodnišnicah (od vseh sodelujočih v raziskavi). Večina slovenskih in hrvaških porodnišnic opravi oba posega v prvi uri po rojstvu. Večina slovenskih porodnišnic aplicira vitamin K v glutealno mišico, medtem ko je na Hrvaškem pogostejša aplikacija v stegensko mišico. V slovenskih porodnišnicah pri apliciranju profilakse proti klamidijskim in gonokoknim okužbam oči prevladuje 1-odstotni Targezin, v hrvaških pa Eritromicin.
Zaključek. Staršem je treba ponuditi možnost oralne aplikacije vitamina K. Dobro bi bilo spregovoriti o lajšanju bolečine ob tovrstnem posegu ter hkrati starše spodbuditi, da pisno in informirano privolijo v poseg. Naloga zdravstvenih delavcev je, da družini v prvih urah po porodu zagotovijo intimnost ter v tem času poskusijo odložiti rutinske postopke. Za slednje pa so potrebne dodatne raziskave, saj lahko kasnejša administracija vodi v manjšo učinkovitost profilakse in hkrati zmanjšuje varnost novorojenčkov
Background. Health literacy is a critical determinant of women’s and children’s health and therefore has immense consequences for the health of society as well. Evidence from epidemiological, ...clinical and experimental studies indicates that unhealthy lifestyles and risky behavioural habits of parents before conception and during pregnancy influence the etiology of various health defects. Decreasing primary risk factors, practicing physical wellness, monitoring physiological markers and preparing for labour, breastfeeding and newborn care should be the main parental responsibilities during the prenatal period.
Methods. Our study focused on specifying the main determinants of health literacy among 360 pregnant Czech women by using an anonymous questionnaire and selected anthropometric data of mothers. The criteria for study participation produced a sample representing 1.41% of Czech women in labour during a given 2012 reference period.
Results. Despite quite adequate knowledge of both risks and supporting factors for pregnancy and foetal development, the lifestyles of a majority of the women surveyed were far from optimum: only 30% reported good dietary and physical activity habits, 24% were active or passive smokers and one third of the women occasionally drank alcohol, more often among those who were university educated.
Conclusion. Our results have confirmed previously published data noting that health literacy and a healthier lifestyle of pregnant women are associated with a higher level of education (except for alcohol drinking) and with contact with a midwife (in some examined parameters) in prenatal courses
Uvod. Zdravstvena pismenost je ključna determinanta zdravja žensk in otrok, ki ima ogromne posledice tudi na zdravje družbe. Dokazi iz epidemioloških, kliničnih in eksperimentalnih študij kažejo, da nezdravi življenjski slogi ter tvegano vedenje staršev pred zanositvijo in med nosečnostjo vplivajo na etiologijo različnih zdravstvenih okvar. Zmanjševanje dejavnikov tveganja, skrb za fizično dobro počutje, spremljanje fizioloških markerjev ter priprava na porod, dojenje in nego novorojenčka bi morali biti glavna odgovornost staršev v predporodnem obdobju.
Metode. Naša študija je bila namenjena določitvi glavnih determinant zdravstvene pismenosti med 360 češkimi nosečnicami s pomočjo anonimnega vprašalnika in izbranih antropometričnih podatkov o materah. Na podlagi meril za sodelovanje v študiji je bil izbran vzorec, ki je predstavljal 1,41 % nosečih žensk na Češkem v zadevnem obdobju leta 2012. Rezultati. Kljub dokaj dobremu poznavanju tveganj in podpornih dejavnikov za nosečnost in razvoj zarodka so se življenjski slogi večine žensk, vključenih v raziskavo, močno razlikovali od optimalnih: samo 30 % jih je poročalo o dobrih prehranskih navadah in telesni aktivnosti, 24 % je bilo aktivnih ali pasivnih kadilk, ena tretjina žensk je občasno pila alkohol, pogosteje univerzitetno izobražene.
Zaključki. Naši rezultati so potrdili predhodno objavljene podatke, ki kažejo, da sta zdravstvena pismenost in bolj zdrav življenjski slog nosečnic povezana z višjo stopnjo izobrazbe (razen pitja alkohola) in stikom z babico (pri nekaterih proučenih parametrih) na predporodnih tečajih
Care pathways for the organization of patients' care Panella, Massimiliano; Van Zelm, Ruben; Sermeus, Walter ...
Bilten : ekonomika, organizacija, informatika v zdravstvu,
1/2012, Letnik:
28, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Care pathways for the organization of patients' care Care pathways, also known as clinical pathways, critical pathways or integrated care pathways, are used all over the world. Although they are used ...internationally, numerous misunderstandings still surround them. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the history of these pathways, of care pathway development, the effectiveness of care pathways, and of some of the challenges facing current healthcare. Pathways are more than just a document in the patient record. They are a concept for making patient-focused care operational, and for supporting patient group modelling with different levels of predictability. Care pathways are a method within the field of continuous quality improvement and are used in daily practice as a product in the patient record. This paper explains these different issues.
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In this paper we start developing a detailed theory of nega–Hadamard transforms. Consequently, we derive several results on negabentness of concatenations, and partially-symmetric functions. We also ...obtain a characterization of bent–negabent functions in a subclass of Maiorana–McFarland set. As a by-product of our results we obtain simple proofs of several existing facts.
Mr. Eskinder Nega, an independent journalist, was arrested in September 2011 under the provisions of Ethiopia's Anti-Terrorism Proclamation for criticizing the detention of a prominent government ...critic, and disputing the government's assertion that detained journalists were terror suspects. At his trial the judge reportedly accused Nega of using "the guise of freedom" to "attempt to incite violence and overthrow the constitutional order" through a popular revolt similar to those of the Arab Spring.
Medical laboratories play a vital role in modern healthcare, and qualified specialists in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine are essential for the provision of high-quality preanalytical, ...analytical and consultative services. Laboratory medicine has undergone major transformations during the last decade. Ongoing technological developments have considerably improved the productivity of clinical laboratories. Information on laboratory services is globally available, and clinical laboratories worldwide face international competition and there is a huge pressure to reduce costs. To be prepared for the future, clinical laboratories should enhance efficiency and reduce the cost increases by forming alliances and networks, consolidating, integrating or outsourcing, and more importantly create additional value by providing knowledge services related to in vitro diagnostics. Therefore, business models that increase efficiency such as horizontal and vertical integration are proposed, based on collaborative networks for the delivery of clinical laboratory services. Laboratories should cooperate, consolidate and form strategic alliances to enhance efficiency and reduce costs. There is a growing conflict between the science and the art of clinical practice and on the role of the biomedical sciences in medical practice. We have a dehumanizing effect on medical care. Disease is defined at the level of sick molecules and cells and curative medicine is being replaced by the preventive care of the disease. Undoubtedly all those questions will raise considerable problems and challenges for the medical educators.
Medicinske laboratorije imaju veoma važnu ulogu u modernom zdravstvu, a pružanje visokokvalitetnih preanalitičkih, analitičkih i konsultantskih usluga zahteva kvalifikovane specijaliste kliničke hemije i laboratorijske medicine. Tokom poslednje decenije laboratorijska medicina pretrpela je važne transformacije. Produktivnost kliničkih laboratorija značajno je povećana zahvaljujući tekućem tehnološkom razvoju. Informacije o laboratorijskim uslugama su globalno dostupne i kliničke laboratorije se svuda suočavaju sa međunarodnom konkurencijom, pri čemu postoji ogroman pritisak da se snize troškovi. Kako bi spremno dočekale budućnost, kliničke laboratorije bi trebalo da poboljšaju efikasnost i snize rast troškova putem stvaranja saveza i mreža, konsolidacije, integracije ili angažovanja spoljnih saradnika i, što je još važnije, obezbede dodatne prihode pružanjem stručnih usluga vezanih za in vitro dijagnostiku. Otud se predlažu poslovni modeli koji poboljšavaju efikasnost, kao što je horizontalna i vertikalna integracija, zasnovani na kolaborativnim mrežama za pružanje usluga kliničkih laboratorija. Laboratorije treba da sarađuju, da se udružuju i formiraju strateške saveze kako bi popravile efikasnost i snizile troškove. Sve je veći konflikt između nauke i veštine kliničke prakse i kad je u pitanju uloga biomedicinskih nauka u medicinskoj praksi. Mi imamo dehumanizirajući uticaj na medicinsku negu. Bolest se danas definiše na nivou bolesnih molekula i ćelija. Kurativnu medicinu postepeno zamenjuje preventivna nega bolesti. Sva ta pitanja nesumnjivo doneti brojne probleme i izazove za edukatore u medicini.
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