Tehnološki procesi šivanja odjeće pripadaju zatvorenom tipu radnog mjesta s ustaljenim izvođenjem gdje radnik izvodi tehnološke operacije sličnih karakteristika. U tehnološkom procesu šivanja rad se ...izvodi u sjedećem položaju za šivaćim strojem, pri čemu radnik ručno i/ili strojno-ručno izvodi tehnološke zahvate. Tijekom izvođenja tehnoloških operacija radnik koristi ruke i trup za rukovanje izratkom, a noge za upravljanje gazilom šivaćeg stroja u kratkim intervalima uz kontinuirano ponavljanje tijekom cijele radne smjene čime je radnik izložen opterećenjima. Način izvođenja tehnoloških operacija ovisi o vrsti i karakteru izratka, vrsti i tehnološkoj opremljenosti šivaćeg stroja kao i uvježbanosti i vještini radnika. U radu su analizirani radni položaji radnika po tehnološkim zahvatima (uzimanje, međusobno postavljanje, šivanje, poravnavanje, odlaganje) na devet radnih mjesta u tehnološkom procesu šivanja korištenjem REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) i OWAS (Ovaco Working Analysing System) metode. Analizom dobivenih rezultata utvrđeno je da je na svim radnim mjestima prisutno opterećenje, što zahtijeva intervenciju na radnom mjestu u obliku preoblikovanja radnih mjesta. Preoblikovanje radnih mjesta obuhvaća pravilno projektiranje radnog sustava (čovjek-stroj-okolina) u skladu sa statičkim i dinamičkim antropometrijskim karakteristikama pojedinog radnika te određivanje povoljne metode rada čime se postiže niži stupanj radnog opterećenja i zamora.
Garment sewing is an industry with closed type workplaces where the workers continuously perform similar operations. The work requires sitting at a sewing machine, with the worker using his hands and performing machine-hand operations. The hands and the upper body manipulate the actual fabric and the feet/legs activate the sewing machine at short intervals that, when repeated for the entire duration of the working day, put a strain on the worker. The actual operations depend on the type and character of the garment, the type and technological performances of the sewing machine and on the worker’s skills for the job. The paper outlines the different body postures required for different operations (placing, lining up the pieces, sewing, straightening, depositing the garment in a suitable place) observed in nine different workplaces, using REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and OWAS (Ovaco Working Analysing System) methods. The results indicate that strain is present in all the studied workplaces, thus requiring interventions in the workplace design. The redesigning of the workplaces involves also coming up with a correct design of the overall work system (man-machine-environment) in keeping with the static and dynamic anthropometric characteristics of individual workers, as well as implementing the most favourable work process in order to ensure less strain and less fatigue.
SAŽETAK: U proizvodnim procesima odjevne industrije često dolazi do oboljenja mišićno-koštanog sustava prilikom izvođenja tehnoloških operacija u nepovoljnom radnom položaju i uz ponavljajuće ...izvođenje radnog zadatka. Stoga su razvijene metode za analizu radnog opterećenja s ciljem otkrivanja nepovoljnih radnih položaja tijela, gornjih i donjih udova. U radu su za analizu radnih uvjeta i radnih položaja korištene OADM (sloven. Ocenjevalna metoda delovnega mjesta) i OWAS (eng. Ovaco Working Analysing System) metode prilikom izvođenja tehnološke operacije sastava gornjeg i donjeg rukava na ženskoj jakni u tehnološkom procesu šivanja odjeće. Podaci dobiveni metodama upućuju na visok stupanj motoričke koordinacije tijela, ruku i nogu, pri čemu dolazi do prisilnih položaja tijela i glave kao posljedica nepovoljnih položaja sjedenja, neusklađenosti dimenzija radnog prostora, neadekvatne metode rada te nepovoljnih stanja radne okoline. Stoga je dan prijedlog za preoblikovanje radnog mjesta u skladu s tjelesnom visinom radnice, čime bi se smanjilo radno opterećenje i zamor radnice.
SUMMARY: In the garment industry the muscular and skeletal systems are subject to medical disorders due to specific the body posture during work which is aggravated by repetitious tasks. Methods have been developed to study the strain in question with the aim to identify bad body posture and improper position of the upper and lower extremities. The analysis is based on the method proposed by OWAS (Ovaco Working Analysing System), in particular for the stage involving the sewing together of the upper and lower sleeve on a women's jacket. The results indicate a high level of needed motor coordination of the body, arms and legs, whereby forced positioning of the body and head are the result of improper sitting, bad physical dimensions of the work space, inadequate work method and unfavourable working environment. A proposal is offered on how to redesign the workplace to suit the height of the worker thus reducing strain and fatigue.
This Special Issue focused on the "Technologies, Applications, and Assessments for Proper Sustainable Forest Operations (SFOs)". One of the main topics was to promote knowledge for future relations ...between forest logging, environmental protection, and management of forests in order to provide timber at reasonable costs and other ecosystem services, such as recreation and conservation as well as biodiversity. This Special Issue contains 12 original papers, some of them reporting the outcomes of long-time experiences, reviewed by international experts in forestry and forest operations engineering fields. This Special Issue aims to increase the knowledge concerning the SFOs, with practical implications at scientific and technical levels. This Special Issue collected a representative sample of the most recent papers on the subject, which come from many different countries and cover a variety of subjects, confirming the wide scope covered by the Sustainable Forest Operations topic.
Poplar forests are cultivated worldwide on extended areas, contributing to the provision of wood for industries. Their management is intensive, especially in planting operations which are done, in ...many parts of the world, by the use of manual labor. This situation raises the question on their sustainability from an ergonomics point of view. Particularly, the postural risk is in question, as uncomfortable work postures may cause musculo-skeletal disorders. Two types of planting operations (large cutting—CP and bare-root seedling—SP) were selected as representatives for the evaluation of postural risks which was carried out for 14 subjects. Based on the analysis of approximately 14,500 images (approximately 67 h of field study), the postural risk indexes were estimated at 259 and 250 for the CP and SP, respectively. No significant differences were found between the operations, but the high share of effective planting tasks and their associated postural risk indexes generated these concerning results. The main conclusion is that these kinds of planting operations need postural improvement and ways for doing so should be researched in the future.
Underground working in coal mines is a hazardous and laborious process. Miners have to work under unsafe conditions like congested workplaces, heavy workload, high temperatures, humidity, heavy ...noise, dust, low illumination, and poor ventilation. Meanwhile, miners undergo unsafe acts such as awkward postures, human vibration, sedentary postures, exertion, and fatigue during working. Nevertheless, there is a major concern for such types of unsafe acts due to the cause of severe muscular-skeletal disorders (MSDs) and fatigue. Therefore, in this paper, a study has been conducted on work postures and workload, which helps to draw an idea about the MSDs and fatigue of the mineworkers. This study aims to identify MSDs and fatigue of mine-workers by evaluating the awkward postures and workload. The Ovako Work Analysis System (OWAS) method was carried out to analyze the work postures of different mining machinery operators. Accordingly, the results revealed that the work postures of the operators are slight to distinctly harmful, which suggests taking immediate action in the work posture adopted. Furthermore, the operator of the universal drilling machine, road header, and load haul dumper had a moderately heavy workload, and the continuous miner had a light workload which might lead to accidents or near misses due to human error. Eventually, the findings of this study will help the mine authorities to undertake adequate measures to mitigate the effect of awkward postures and work-rest schedules.
This Final Paper proposes an ergonomic and postural analysis of a dairy cooperative located in the city of Itaperuna. Within this scope, the main goal of this study was to analyze the existing ...ergonomic situation at the cooperative under study. The research method consisted, firstly, of data collection at the company via questionnaires, interviews, photographic records and videos. Later, taking into consideration the data obtained, the OWAS and RULA methods were applied in order to generate a correlation between the movements and positions taken during working hours and the symptoms reported by workers in the proposed questionnaires. Analyzing the questionnaire responses, it was found that 82.1% of employees can be classified as suffering severe fatigue. The tools used for postural assessment, OWAS and RULA, reported the need for corrections in performing some tasks. Thus, measures are proposed in order to reduce the incidence of employee health disorders and, consequently, to increase the organization’s profitability.
The number of work-related musculoskeletal disorders has been increasing in most industries and occupations. Since these injuries impose high costs on employers and society it is important to prevent ...it through ergonomic assessment and job redesign. The paper presents a research of the workplace ophthalmic nurse regarding strain and stress. In the workplace the Intravenous Fluorescein angiography or fluorescent angiography is made which is a technique for examining the circulation of the retina and choroids using a fluorescent dye and specialized camera. The working procedure is complex and since nurses must assist in several forced positions for longer time ergonomic analyses were made aimed to determine strain and stress at workplace. For assessment of body postures OWAS analysis was performed manually and using computer simulation. The results obtained using computer simulations are comparable to manually performed research for most body positions except for bent and twisted back. Body postures of upper limb, lower limb and neck were exposed as harmful for nurse during working procedure and according to OWAS changes are needed in near future.
Although the fundamental task of ergonomics is to generate normal and healthy working conditions the great number of work-related musculoskeletal disorders is present in most industries and ...occupations and it is even increasing. Therefore scientifically designed workplace based on methodical approach is very important to minimize risk at work. The paper presents a systematic approach to the workplace design in department of ophthalmology regarding strain and stress. Strains and stresses belong to an important group of factors that reduce human efficiency at work, resulting in fatigue. Beside that workplace should be designed considering human dimensions using anthropometric measures. Investment in new technologies, practices and methods sometimes beside benefits brings also new challenges that must be addressed. Results of performed OWAS analysis show that present way of working could be damaging for nurses and doctors therefore workplace adjustment should be made.
It is necessary to investigate actual fisheries' work conditions to secure labor for fisheries in Japan; it may also be necessary to redesign tasks so that the work is more acceptable. This study ...quantitatively analyzed fisheries work on a small trawler that belonged to the Toyohama Fishermen's Cooperative Association in Aichi Prefecture, and that worked out of Ise Bay. Almost all crew movements on the bow deck and quarterdeck were recorded using CCD cameras and hard disk recorders during a fishing trip. The recordings were sorted, and times required for each task were measured. Physical loads on the crew were estimated using the Ovako Working-posture Analyzing System (OWAS), a popular approach that is based on subject work posture. The trip was about 12 hours long and the crew worked about 69% of the time. Approximately 22%, 24%, 95%, and 58% of the net casting, net hauling, fish sorting, and fish storing work, respectively, was judged as harmful and as needing to be improved.
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