Prostorsko urejanje območij za pešce, ki zagotavlja bolj zdravo in vključujočo ulično krajino, je lahko močan mehanizem za izboljšanje varnosti in udobnosti pešačenja v afriških mestih. Avtorja v ...članku predlagata pristop k analizi hodljivosti na več prostorskih ravneh, s katerim se lahko določijo ulice, primerne za pešce, in problematična območja, ki zahtevajo manjše izboljšave (npr. popravilo pločnikov, boljše vzdrževanje stavb ter ureditev ulične razsvetljave in javnih klopi). Raziskovalni okvir, ki temelji na uporabi GIS, sta uporabila za središče Cape Towna v Južni Afriki, ki se spopada s kompleksnimi družbenimi in okoljskimi izzivi. Za vsak segment ulice s prehodom za pešce sta z orodjem za virtualno presojo območij za pešce zbrala podatke o okoljskih kazalnikih na mikro- in mezoravni ter proučila kakovost javnega prostora. Rezultate, dobljene z navedenim sestavljenim orodjem za presojo ulic, sta pomnožila z normalizirano vrednostjo mere prostorske sintakse (tj. integracije), na podlagi česar sta določila poti v mreži, ki so med seboj najbolj povezane in najbolj potrebne prenove. Z Jenksovo metodo naravnih mej sta razvrstila rezultate za vsak segment, na podlagi česar sta ugotovila, da so ulice, ki so najbolj potrebne prenove, zgoščene v Bo-Kaapu, razmeroma slabo razvitem, večkulturnem in hribovitem predelu v zahodnem delu Cape Towna. Na koncu sta predstavila priporočila za izboljšanje kakovosti mestnega okolja in splošne privlačnosti mesta za pešce. Predlagana metodologija omogoča učinkovitejše upravljanje krajev in razvrščanje potreb mesta po izboljšavah, s čimer se zmanjšajo stroški in poraba časa.
Javni interes je izhodišče za strateške usmeritve izobraževanja odraslih (IO) v Sloveniji, a trenutno v njem manjkajo okoljske teme. To vrzel v upoštevanju izobraževalnih potreb in skupin ...predstavljamo s ciljem dopolniti sistemske dokumente ter utemeljiti vzgojo in izobraževanje za trajnostni razvoj (VITR) kot strateško prioriteto. Z uporabo kvalitativne metodologije smo analizirali najnovejše dokumente in druge vire iz obdobja 2010–2020 s treh vidikov: sistema, raziskovanja in prakse. Ugotavljamo, da nepoznavanje, neupoštevanje in nezanimanje za VITR ovirajo njegov razvoj. Z VITR lahko izobraževanje odraslih postane vključujoč ter na potencialih in prednostih ciljnih skupin utemeljen proces. Trenutna usmeritev v povečanje temeljnih zmožnosti in okoljske zavesti z javnoveljavnimi programi in promocijo ne zadostuje za razvoj kritične andragoške prakse in sinergij med akterji, ampak velja začeti več (in drugačne) raziskave in preoblikovati sistem iz hierarhičnega v krožnega. Širše razumljen javni interes zato ne izključuje, ampak le dopolnjuje trenutno zastavljeno prihodnje desetletje slovenskega izobraževanja odraslih.
Zanimalo nas je, ali lahko morebitne statisticno znacilne razlike glede na demografske znacilnosti udeležencev kažejo na medgeneracijsko razlicna dojemanja bivalnega okolja. Za proucevanje smo ...uporabili metodologijo, ki sloni na kvantitativni metodi. Starejši udeleženci raziskave so porocali o vecjem zadovoljstvu, vecjem obcutku družbeno- ekonomske homogenosti soseske, boljših sosedskih odnosih in boljših obcutkih glede vzdrževanja grajenega okolja kot mlajši udeleženci. Zanimivo pa je, da mlajši udeleženci raziskave izražajo višjo stopnjo strinjanja glede vandalizma ter fizičnih in besednih napadov v soseski. Rezultati raziskave so bili v nasprotju s pricakovanji, saj predhodne študije pri starejših prebivalcih v primerjavi z mlajšimi ugotavljajo precej nižje stopnje strinjanja glede zadovoljstva z grajenim okoljem in pomembno višje stopnje glede kriminalitete. Rezultate si razlagamo z ugotovitvami številnih raziskovalcev, skladno s katerimi starejši ljudje še vedno na splošno raje ostarijo v svojem domu, v znanem okolju, saj se pogosto bojijo, da bi zanje prehod v kolektivno ali institucionalno življenjsko okolje neizogibno pomenil izgubo neodvisnosti, kar posledicno pomeni, da okolje sprejemajo tako, kot je. V raziskavi ugotavljamo še, da vrsta izkazanih statisticno znacilnih razlik kaže na to, da bivalno okolje, ki ima velik ucinek na zadovoljstvo in dobro pocutje, vendarle ne nudi enake kakovosti grajene socialne infrastrukture prav vsem
Waste treatment practices generate left-over materials, including refused-derived fuels, which need to be managed effectively to meet the European Union’s ambitious circular economy targets, ...especially regarding landfilling.This study identifies key considerations for the use of refuse-derived fuels and solid recovered fuels in energy-intensive industrial processes and shows that the use of these fuels could be a viable option for reducing landfilling in several EU countries.The report aims to raise awareness and inspire project-specific studies to help waste plant operators, designers, engineers and managing authorities identify and further explore options for their specific projects.
Novozgrajena okolja v mestih, katerih značilnosti so se spremenile zaradi neoliberalnih procesov in prednostnih odločitev, so pogosto predmet kritik zaradi pomanjkanja estetske kakovosti. Zaradi teh ...kritik postaja estetska presoja tovrstnih okolij čedalje pomembnejša, pri čemer se pojavljata ključni vprašanji, kako lahko take presoje opravimo in kako lahko njihova dognanja vključimo v zakonodajo. Avtorici članka obe vprašanji obravnavata na primeru Istanbula, pri čemer določata in razvrščata formalne estetske dejavnike na podlagi faktorske analize in analize variance izsledkov ankete, ki sta jo leta 2017 v Istanbulu opravili s tremi vzorčnimi skupinami (raziskovalci, oblikovalci in uradniki). Izsledki analiz kažejo, da se pri presojanju formalne estetike pogledi raziskovalcev razlikujejo od pogledov uradnikov in oblikovalcev. Poleg tega razkrivajo, da so značaj in identiteta, zelena gradnja in neujemanje identitete in grajenih oblik pomembni dejavniki, ki vplivajo na urbano formalno estetiko novozgrajenih okolij. Avtorici članek skleneta z razpravo o tem, kako bi lahko te dejavnike na primeru Istanbula vključili v zakonodajo.
Higher nursing workload increases the odds of patient deaths, as the work environment has a significant effect on patient outcomes. The aim of the study was to explore the relation between patient ...outcomes and nurses' working conditions in hospitals.
Administrative data on discharges of surgical patients for the year 2019 in eight general hospitals and two university medical centres in Slovenia were collected to determine in-hospital mortality within 30 days of admission. The RN4CAST survey questionnaire was used to gather data from nurses in these hospitals, with 1,010 nurses participating. Data was collected at the beginning of 2020. The number of nurses per shift and the nurse-to-patient ratio per shift were calculated. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to analyse the data.
The 30-day in-hospital mortality for surgical patients was 1.00% in the hospitals sampled and ranged from 0.27% to 1.62%. The odds ratio for staffing suggests that each increase of one patient per RN is associated with a 6% increase in the likelihood of a patient dying within 30 days of admission. The mean patient-to-RN ratio was 15.56 (SD=2.50) and varied from 10.29 to 19.39. Four of the 13 tasks checked were not performed on patients during the last shift.
The results are not encouraging, with an extremely critical shortage of RNs and thus a high RN workload. The number of patients per RN is the highest in Europe and also higher than in some non-European countries, and represents an extreme risk to the quality of nursing and healthcare as a whole. The recommendation for acute non-emergency internal medicine and surgery departments is four patients per RN per shift.
Abstract
Introduction
Aimed at preparing the basis for planning evidence-based public health measures for preservation/ improvement of nurses’ work ability (WA), the objective was to assess the ...relationship between WA and sense of coherence (SOC).
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 among 713 nurses in Croatia. The association between poor WA index (PWAI) and SOC score (SOCS), adjusted for possible confounders, was determined by binary logistic regression analysis.
Results
The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant negative association between SOCS and PWAI (OR=0.977, 95% CI 0.968 – 0.986, p<0.001). The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed an even stronger statistically significant negative association between SOCS and PWAI (OR=0.966, 95% CI 0.954 – 0.977, p<0.001) when adjusted for confounders.
Conclusions
The present study suggested SOC as an important health promoting resource of nurses which might offer protection regarding work-related stress. Weak SOC could be an important explanatory factor of poor WA. Accordingly, improving SOC by implementing health promotion measures in nurses’ workplace could be an important way to increase the WA among nurses.
The populations of rural areas across Europe, especially Slovenia, are ageing rapidly and the areas themselves are becoming depopulated. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to our understanding ...of the population dynamics and provide a method for forecasting housing and other long-term care needs.
The surveys questioned those responsible for long-term care, the caretakers in institutional care, and current and potential homecare users in rural areas of Slovenia. We wanted to discover what they considered as crucial in the process of long-term care deinstitutionalization. Our 2020-2050 projections are based on the surveys conducted across 38 municipalities in the Eastern Slovenian region and an in-depth empirical study in Posavje. The results are embedded in the demographic projections and the multistate transition model of the declining functional capacities to forecast the needed housing facilities and human resources.
The results are the time series of required capacities. Around 60% of respondents in Slovenian rural areas believe that even a better organization of homecare would not allow them to stay at home until death due to inadequately built housing and the absence of a continuous presence of caregivers. These findings were included in the projections. Therefore, community care in the network of Smart Silver Villages was proposed.
Investments are needed to renovate the housing stock of older adults and construct sheltered, assisted living housing and specialized households in the community. Moreover, proper education and training of human resources would increase the output. In addition, financial solutions are advised to develop Smart Silver Villages.