Painted Black Ribas, Vanesa
On the Line,
12/2015
Book Chapter
This chapter ties the pattern in symbolic boundaries to social boundaries, that is, to Latino migrants’ perceptions of their position vis-à-vis African Americans within the social organization of ...labor at the factory. Latinos express racialized resentment that is rooted in their experience of oppressive exploitation and their perception that African American workers occupy a more favorable position in the workplace. Theoretically, this chapter advances an adapted version of the concept of “racial alienation.”
The chapter examines the changes that follow Stalin’s death in 1953 and the reshuffling of the party elite. Nagy introduced a number of measures to reduce the use of force to collectivize, preferring ...to depend upon villagers voluntarily choosing to join cooperative farms. Many farm members leave, dismantling some farms entirely or severely endangering the productive viability of those that still had members. Former cooperative farm members and those who continued to work collectively battled fiercely over the assets—land and livestock—that had been surrendered to farms when membership contracts were signed. Different attitudes about how value was produced were at odds, fomenting the kind of class animus and struggle the party/state had been unable to foster in earlier years. New practices of bookkeeping demanded by the work unit system, once shunned as unnecessary by cooperative farm members, become useful tools in adjudicating lawsuits brought over property disputes. A battle over the organization of labor within cooperative farms is also fought, members rejecting the party/state’s ideological position on brigades and the importance of collective work. The chapter ends by describing the attempts on the part of agricultural economists to rethink the entire work unit system.
U ovom doktorskom radu razvijena je integralna metoda optimalnog upravljanja zalihama modernih dobavljačkih lanaca. Klasificirani su utjecajni čimbenici sustava upravljanja zalihama i to: model ...potražnje za proizvodima, sinkroniziranost radnog vremena, takt dobave proizvoda, minimalna veličina narudžbe i stav poslovnog sustava prema nedostatku traženih proizvoda. Temeljem klasificiranih čimbenika sustava upravljanja zalihama, određeni su čimbenici kvantifikacije pokazatelja sustava upravljanja zalihama i to: minimalan potreban broj dobava, prosječna veličina dobave, prosječna dnevna razina zaliha, koeficijent efekta biča, rizik naknadne dobave prvotno neisporučenih proizvoda, propuštena prodaja, troškovi sustava upravljanja zalihama bez popusta i troškovi sustava upravljanja zalihama s popustima. Novorazvijena metoda optimalnog upravljanja zalihama dobavljačkih lanaca dokazana je na 960 simulacijskih eksperimenata sustava upravljanja zalihama kojima su potvrđene sve tri
hipoteze odnosno, (I) odabir strategije upravljanja zalihama dobavljačkog lanca može značajno utjecati na poslovne pokazatelje dobavljačkog lanca s potencijalno velikim prednostima prilikom odabira optimalne strategije, (II) da će se uz jednaku prosječnu potražnju, povećanjem kaotičnosti potražnje povećati i opterećenje sustava upravljanja zalihama i dobavljačkog lanca
u cijelosti, te (III) da postojeći modeli, jednadžbe i algoritmi za određivanje potrebnih zaliha nisu dovoljno točni čime se smanjuje učinkovitost i povećavaju troškovi dobavljačkog lanca vezani za upravljanje zalihama.
An integral method for optimal modern supply chain management has been developed in this thesis. Influential factors of supply chain management have been classified as: model of product demand, synchronicity of working time, delivery time, minimal order quantity and implementation of backlogging procedures. Based on classified factors of inventory management, quantified factors of inventory management have been determined as: minimal number of deliveries, average size of delivery, average inventory level, coefficient of bullwhip effect, risk of delivery of backlogged products, lost sales, inventory management costs without discounts and inventory management costs with discounts.
The new method of optimal inventory management in supply chains has been tested on 960 simulation experiments of inventory management system which confirmed all three hypotheses: (I) selection of supply chain inventory management strategy can have a significant influence on business performance indicators of the supply chain with potentially significant
benefits when choosing an optimal strategy, (II) with the same average demand, increased demand uncertainty will increase the load on inventory management system and supply chain as a whole and (III) existing models, equations and algorithms for determining required inventory levels are not sufficiently accurate thereby, by using them companies risk reduced efficiency and increased supply chain costs related to inventory management.
U ovom doktorskom radu razvijena je integralna metoda optimalnog upravljanja zalihama modernih dobavljačkih lanaca. Klasificirani su utjecajni čimbenici sustava upravljanja zalihama i to: model potražnje za proizvodima, sinkroniziranost radnog vremena, takt dobave proizvoda, minimalna veličina narudžbe i stav poslovnog sustava prema nedostatku traženih proizvoda. Temeljem klasificiranih čimbenika sustava upravljanja zalihama, određeni su čimbenici kvantifikacije pokazatelja sustava upravljanja zalihama i to: minimalan potreban broj dobava, prosječna veličina dobave, prosječna dnevna razina zaliha, koeficijent efekta biča, rizik naknadne dobave prvotno neisporučenih proizvoda, propuštena prodaja, troškovi sustava upravljanja zalihama bez popusta i troškovi sustava upravljanja zalihama s popustima. Novorazvijena metoda optimalnog upravljanja zalihama dobavljačkih lanaca dokazana je na 960 simulacijskih eksperimenata sustava upravljanja zalihama kojima su potvrđene sve tri
hipoteze odnosno, (I) odabir strategije upravljanja zalihama dobavljačkog lanca može značajno utjecati na poslovne pokazatelje dobavljačkog lanca s potencijalno velikim prednostima prilikom odabira optimalne strategije, (II) da će se uz jednaku prosječnu potražnju, povećanjem kaotičnosti potražnje povećati i opterećenje sustava upravljanja zalihama i dobavljačkog lanca
u cijelosti, te (III) da postojeći modeli, jednadžbe i algoritmi za određivanje potrebnih zaliha nisu dovoljno točni čime se smanjuje učinkovitost i povećavaju troškovi dobavljačkog lanca vezani za upravljanje zalihama.
This is the second paper from a series of articles on governing of different types of transactions in Bulgarian farming applying the framework of New Institutional and Transaction Cost Economics. It ...is based on a large scale microeconomic data from 194 typical commercial farms of different sizes and types from all regions of the country. This study concentrates on factors and modes for organization of labor supply in Bulgarian farms. Structure of kind of labor (permanent, seasonal, irregular, others), and type of labor use (in production, in administration, in management, for protection, others), and labor source (own labor, family labor, hired labor, cooperative members, others) in farms of different types and sizes has been determined. Microeconomic factors responsible for various organizational and contract choices for labor supply (own cultivation, using of family labor, hiring of workers, cooperation etc.) have been specified. Dominant governing modes have been explained by comparative advantages for saving on transacting costs (for finding partners, contracting, monitoring of hired labor, conflict resolutions, renewal of contracts etc). Limits of farm extension (optimization) through effective alternative (to outside labor supply) modes for “internal” service, and inputs, and land supply have been determined. Transaction costs economizing framework has been used through analysis of: types of wage formation (time based, output based, mixed) for different categories of labor; reasons for hiring labor (extension of business, support of own labor, support of family labor, replace of family labor, others); ways of application of hired labor (in production, in administration, in management, in protection, others); personality of different types of hired labor (relatives; close friends; known before hiring; unknown before first hiring; same persons every time; from universities, agricultural schools etc; others); frequency of experiencing problems leading to suspension of labor contracts; main reasons for conflicts with hired labor (lack of qualification; lack of desire for hard work; lack of entrepreneurial spirit; cheating, stealing etc); kind of contracts with different types of labor (informal, written) and extend of specifications of contract obligations; ways of income formation (fixed monthly wages, daily based, output based, based on final year results, others) of different categories of labor in crop, livestock, services and management. Relative level of farms transaction costs associated with labor supply (for finding needed labor, negotiation and contracting, for directing and monitoring of hired labor, for contract enforcement and disputing etc.) has been determined. Besides high governing costs associated with labor contracts other factors restricting farm enlargement of Bulgarian farms as present stage are: high enforcement costs of contracts in general, and enormous credit supply and marketing costs. According to estimate of farm managers most important factors for future development of farms relate to improvement of institutional environment (guaranteed marketing, enforcement of Laws and private contracts, macro-economic stability, legislation framework, access to free markets) and own and family experience in farm management.
Methodical guidelines contain recommendations for the implementation of independent works and course works by discipline "Technology of social work" for students specialty "Social work", approximate ...topics homework and course work.
The Principle of Collective Bargaining Perlman, Selig
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
03/1936, Letnik:
184, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Sources of Labor Information Lubin, Isador
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
03/1936, Letnik:
184, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recent History of Labor Organization Clark, Marjorie R.
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
03/1936, Letnik:
184, Številka:
1
Journal Article
The Goals of Organized Labor Green, William
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
03/1936, Letnik:
184, Številka:
1
Journal Article
