The fluvial landforms of the last cold stage are represented in the Sub-Carpathian Basins by a system of 2–3 terraces, which grade into alluvial fans of a height of 15–20, 8–12 and 6–8 m above the ...present riverbeds in the mountain foreland. In the Vistula River valley the 15–20 m high terrace, covered with loess, extends along the western margin of the Sandomierz Basin and northern margin of the Carpathians. Away from the mountain margin, it passes into the sandy terrace plain with dunes. It is formed of at least two Interpleniglacial alluvial fills: the older one dated at 48–36ka BP (over 50–40.6 ka cal BP) and the younger one dated 30–25ka BP (34.1–29.0ka cal BP) thus pertaining to the Upper Pleniglacial. This latter forms a terrace 15 m high. In general, accumulation of fluvial sediments interrupted with erosion phases dominated in the mountain foreland during the period 60–25ka BP (over 60–29 ka cal BP). The most significant erosion phase took place before the maximum extension of the Vistulian (Weichselian, Wisconsinian) ice sheet (i.e. before 25–20ka BP = 29–24ka cal BP) and was connected with a change from an oceanic to a more continental climate. The next alluvial fill of terrace 8–12 m high (with remnants of braided river channels) was formed at the end of the Upper Plenivistulian. The incision of the river channels below the present channel level was followed by aggradation in the Late Vistulian (15–13ka BP = 18.2–15.6ka cal BP) accompanied by a change in river channel system from braided to meandering. In the Wisłoka and San River valleys alluvial plains extending by lateral erosion of large meanders were abandoned by rivers mainly in the Younger Dryas and the Preboreal. The Late Vistulian large palaeomeanders are missing along lower Soła and lower Dunajec. These rivers, fed from higher mountains, had still tendency to braiding. The climate cooling of the Younger Dryas brought an increase in the delivery of bedload to the river channels and a tendency to braiding in Vistula valley (Drwinka depression). The expansion of forest in the Early Holocene reduced the water discharge and the size of meanders. As a result, their width fallen by 3–5 times. Alluvial data showed also a distinct humid climatic phase ca. 9.5–8.5ka cal BP.
Too often Holocaust memory studies focus on national collective narratives and ignore experiences and processes that shape perceptions at the local level. Through examination of perspectives ...concerning Auschwitz, this article uses the concept of the palimpsest of memory to present a panoptic view of memory by revealing and returning an often marginalised yet crucial group - those who continually negotiate with the dead in the city of Oświęcim. This theoretical approach provides a constructive framework to understand memory and place that speaks to the larger history of Holocaust memorialisation and the continual effects of genocide upon contemporary society.
Floods occurred in the drainage basins of two large mountain tributaries of the Vistula—the Soła and the Skawa in 1996, 1997 and 2001. This paper shows changes in petrographical composition of gravel ...bars and characteristics of clasts in both rivers after the episodes of flood transport. The drainage basins of both rivers lie within the Carpathian mountains in their southern, headwater parts, and the in the Oświęcim Depression, belonging to the foreland, in the northern part. The Soła and Skawa are gravel-bed rivers which transport mostly sandstone and conglomerate gravels derived from erosion of flysch rocks. Both drainage basins share many characteristic features, the main difference being their hydrotechnical infrastructure. The Soła is regulated by three dams and the discharge below the dams is artificially controlled. There is no dam in the Skawa and its discharges are natural. Petrographical composition of gravels, roundness, shape and size of clasts were studied in 12 sites in the Soła valley and in 11 sites in the Skawa valley after each flood. More than 5000 clasts were studied in total.
Granulometrical characteristics of the sediments changed markedly after the floods. Both increase and decrease in mean size of largest clasts in gravel bars were observed. The results point to the important role played by the tributaries, which control the characteristics of clasts in the main rivers. In the foreland, lateral supply is not so important, because the bedrock consists of argillaceous rocks which do not produce gravels. The processes observed there include selection of material and changes in its composition caused by the presence of dams. Conglomerates are the least resistant to flood transport among gravel components. The most resistant are quartz clasts, but they are present only in the finest size classes. The most persistent characteristic of the clasts is their shape. The influence of the dams on clasts characteristics, contrary to expectations, is only slight. It is visible only in the greater proportion of quartz clasts in the alluvium of the Soła where the dams are present.
Provider: - Institution: Architekturmuseum der Technischen Universität Berlin - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Architekturmuseum der TU Berlin, Inv. Nr. F 5157. Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich ...geschützt, eine Nutzung des Digitalisats darf nur nach Autorisierung erfolgen. (Creditline)- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Architekturmuseum der Technischen Universität Berlin - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Architekturmuseum der TU Berlin, Inv. Nr. 39011. Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich ...geschützt, eine Nutzung des Digitalisats darf nur nach Autorisierung erfolgen. (Creditline)- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Architekturmuseum der Technischen Universität Berlin - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Architekturmuseum der TU Berlin, Inv. Nr. 39012. Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich ...geschützt, eine Nutzung des Digitalisats darf nur nach Autorisierung erfolgen. (Creditline)- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Architekturmuseum der Technischen Universität Berlin - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Architekturmuseum der TU Berlin, Inv. Nr. 39013. Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich ...geschützt, eine Nutzung des Digitalisats darf nur nach Autorisierung erfolgen. (Creditline)- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Selektion im Vernichtungslager Auschwitz- aus Glas in schwarzweiß, quer- Repro nach: G. Schoenberger: Der gelbe Stern, Hamburg 1960, ...S. 145 (Bildnachweis: Statni zidovske museum, Prag) (Veröffentlichung)- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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