Asia After Versailles addresses an important but neglected watershed for Asian nations - the response to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. The Conference marked the end of a conflict which, ...although intrinsically European, had globalized the world on many levels, politically as well as economically, culturally and socially. It also stood at the beginning of a new order that saw the power centre shift towards the US and Asia. Asian countries and people played a significant but so far largely neglected role in this momentous development. Bringing together an international range of experts in the history of China, Japan, India and the Ottoman Empire/Turkey, this pioneering volume demonstrates the importance of Asia in the multifaceted global transformations that revolved around the Paris Peace Conference and its aftermath.
Traditional historical analysis focuses almost exclusively on US and European responses to the Paris Peace Conference and the interwar order and often fails to take into account non-western, particularly Asian voices - this is the first book to demonstrate the far-reaching Asian dimensions of the impact of Versailles in an unprecedented way making this an invaluable and interdisciplinary resource for academics and researchers in the fields of politics, international relations, area studies and history.
This work investigates the 'Janus face' of international relations, refracted through the prism of the duality of Jan Christian Smuts, as it manifested in his contribution to the League of Nations ...and his struggle against the emerging peace treaty. A predominant characteristic of international relations is its requirement to face two different ways at the same time - its Janus face. States profess their adherence to lofty ideals for humanity alongside the pursuit of their own immediate self-interest. This phenomenon in the behaviour of states has been referred to as the distance between vision and reality, and the gap between rhetoric and reality. International relations is, and is likely to remain, suspended between these two extremes: on the one hand, the pursuit of utopian ideals for the world, and, on the other, a defence of narrow self-interest, often prompted by the dictates of the realpolitik of the moment. How, then, are the values that underlie the founding of the first cornerstone of the current international order -- the League of Nations -- to be understood? An under-explored case study in understanding the complex framework of international relations is that of the visionary and controversial South African, Jan Christian Smuts (1870-1950). On the one hand, Smuts was one of the principal authors of the Covenant of the League of Nations, and the person directly responsible for the recognition of human rights as a founding value of the Charter of the United Nations. On the other, the Premier of racially segregated South Africa.
At the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the international community came together to find a collective way forward in the aftermath of the First World War. The conference is often judged a failure, as ...the resulting Treaty of Versailles did not bring long-term peace with Germany. By following the activities of a key British delegate, the wartime Minister of Blockade Lord Robert Cecil, this book examines the struggles and identifies some under-acknowledged successes of the conference, as delegates from around the world grappled with the economic, political, and humanitarian catastrophes overwhelming Europe in 1919.
"Versailles" und die Verrechtlichung der internationalen Politik Bei keinem anderen Frieden der neuzeitlichen Geschichte spielte die Berufung auf Recht und Gerechtigkeit eine so prominente Rolle wie ...nach dem Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs. Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Darstellungen, die sich vornehmlich auf eine Demütigung Deutschlands durch das "Versailler Diktat" konzentrieren, bietet diese breit angelegte Neuinterpretation der gesamten Pariser Friedenskonferenz von 1919/20 ein differenziertes Bild. Marcus Payk kann anhand zahlreicher Beispiele nachweisen, welche politische Kraft, aber auch welche unkontrollierbare Eigenlogik völkerrechtlichen Argumenten und Akteuren während der Friedensverhandlungen zukam. Erst durch die Berücksichtigung der normativen Erwartungen der Vorkriegs- und Kriegszeit werden die Friedensabkommen mit Deutschland, Österreich, Ungarn, Bulgarien und dem Osmanischen Reich verständlich. Die Untersuchung ordnet den Friedensschluss damit in längerfristige Tendenzen einer Verrechtlichung der internationalen Politik ein und fordert zugleich dazu auf, über die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Völkerrechts nachzudenken.
The Paris Peace Settlement of 1919-1920 has decisively influenced the development of international law in the 20th century. We know far less, however, about the legalism that shaped the process of ...peacemaking after the Great War. Going beyond conventional narratives of reiterating the achievements and failures of the peacemakers, this article develops an outside perspective on the impact that notions of law, justice and legality had on the Paris negotiations. Allied claims of defending international society and establishing the 'reign of law' in international affairs created normative expectations that staked out the ground for the entire settlement. The article exhibits the inherent ambivalence of those declarations and demonstrates how the normative reality construed by the Allies fashioned the political and diplomatic agenda of victorious and vanquished nations alike.
Paris 1919: Politiker und Diplomaten stehen vor einer Aufgabe, der sich noch keine Generation zuvor stellen musste: die Schaffung einer globalen Friedensordnung nach dem Ende eines Krieges, der ...erstmals die ganze Welt erfasste. Für die Liberalen am Verhandlungstisch war das Ziel ein Frieden im Zeichen freier Selbstbestimmung demokratischer Nationen. US-Präsident Wilson hatte es verkündet. Die Anhänger der traditionellen Großmachtpolitik hingegen wollten vor allem Entschädigungen für die eigenen Opfer. Und Lenins Bolschewiki propagierten den Weltfrieden durch die Diktatur des Proletariats. Die Vielzahl der Kriegsparteien und Fragen der nationalen "Ehre" erschwerten die Verhandlungen, die sich bis 1923 hinzogen. Von der Glaubwürdigkeit der Friedensbedingungen für Sieger und Besiegte aber hing die Haltbarkeit des Friedens ab. Mit dem Abstand eines Jahrhunderts schildert Klaus Schwabe Verhandler und Verhandlungen, die europäische und weltweite Dimension des Versailler Vertragswerkes und bewertet es neu, indem er die Leistungen und bis heute nachwirkenden Konsequenzen dieses Abkommens herausstellt: Versailles musste nicht von vorn herein scheitern. - 2018/2019: 100 Jahre Kriegsende und Versailler Friedenskonferenz - Die Friedensverträge aus europäischer und globaler Sicht - ,,Schanddiktat" oder Versuch einer demokratischen Zukunft? The author of this study attempts to reassess the Versailles peace settlements. He views them as compromises between liberal-democratic values, as espoused by Woodrow Wilson, traditional realpolitik, and Russian Bolshevism. The prospects of an enduring peace depended on the credibility of the compromises hammered out at the Peace Conferences. On the basis of the available sources and emphasising the personality factor the author, in conclusion, suggests answers to the question regarding the viability of the peace
settlement after World War One.
From Paris to Nuremberg Baigorri-Jalón, Jesús; Mikkelson, Holly; Olsen, Barry Slaughter
2014, 2014-06-19, Letnik:
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eBook
Conference interpreting is a relatively young profession. Born at the dawn of the 20th century, it hastened the end of the era when diplomatic relations were dominated by a single language, and it ...played a critical role in the birth of a new multilingual model of diplomacy that continues to this day. In this seminal work on the genesis of conference interpreting, Jesús Baigorri-Jalón provides the profession with a pedigree based on painstaking research and supported by first-hand accounts as well as copious references to original documentation. The author traces the profession's roots back to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, through its development at the League of Nations and the International Labor Organization, its use by the Allied and Axis powers as they decided the fate of nations in the years prior to and during World War II, and finally its debut on the world stage in 1945, at the Nuremberg Trials. Available for the first time in English, this account will be of interest not only to scholars and students of interpreting but also to any reader interested in the linguistic, social, diplomatic, and political history of the 20th century.
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