Linking grammatical analyses with ideas about a shareable reality, this book investigates some fascinating ways in which nominal reference is exploited to meet interpersonal and rhetorical goals. It ...focuses on the use of demonstrative and possessive determiners in Polish discourse and proposes that the phenomenon of deixis be reexamined in the light of linguistic variation. The book illustrates a growing concern with the application of cognitive grammar to the study of situated language use and its social outcomes. What emerges is a new understanding of the role of deictic elements as tools for establishing intersubjective coordination and expressing attitudes.This book is for anyone actively seeking to understand how linguistic systems reflect human socio-cognitive abilities and in what ways reality is mediated through language.
Focusing on objects, this book aims at contributing to the on-going inquiry into modelling structures with missing arguments. In addition to offering detailed discussion and analyses of a unique ...combination of three very different systems (English, Polish, and Hungarian), a larger goal here is to provide a framework for deriving cross-linguistic and intra-linguistic variation in the domain of object drop. Variation of this type is hypothesised to follow, first and foremost, from the association of heads in the extended nominal projection with phonemic features and from the system of interpretation of nominal expressions in a language. The book will be of interest to both theoretically- and descriptively-oriented researchers, since, even though its focus is theoretical, a detailed discussion of the empirical facts, including some novel findings drawn from corpus studies and grammaticality judgements, is also offered.
The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is ...concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon.
Abstract
The quality of human translation was long thought to be unattainable for computer translation systems. In this study, we present a deep-learning system, CUBBITT, which challenges this view. ...In a context-aware blind evaluation by human judges, CUBBITT significantly outperformed professional-agency English-to-Czech news translation in preserving text meaning (translation adequacy). While human translation is still rated as more fluent, CUBBITT is shown to be substantially more fluent than previous state-of-the-art systems. Moreover, most participants of a Translation Turing test struggle to distinguish CUBBITT translations from human translations. This work approaches the quality of human translation and even surpasses it in adequacy in certain circumstances.This suggests that deep learning may have the potential to replace humans in applications where conservation of meaning is the primary aim.
Although boredom is among the most commonly experienced emotions in the foreign and second (L2) language classroom, it has so far been given little empirical attention compared to other learner ...variables, such as anxiety, joy or interest. This paper provides an overview of previous research examining various aspects of boredom in L2 learning and reports the results of a study which aimed to identify factors underlying boredom in the L2 classroom, also looking into the mediating effects of general boredom proneness and attainment. Participants were 107 Polish-speaking English majors who completed the Boredom in Practical English Language Classes Questionnaire (BPELC). The Boredom Proneness Scale and end-of-the-year examination grades were used to divide the participants into less and more prone to boredom as well as high- and low-achievers. Exploratory factor analysis and independent samples t-tests were used to analyze the data. Two factors underlying boredom were extracted: (F1) disengagement, monotony and repetitiveness, and (F2) lack of satisfaction and challenge. Statistically significant differences were revealed between students who were less and more prone to boredom for both factors, and between low- and high-achievers for F1.
Przedmiotem badania są tytuły gazet i czasopism publikowanych w języku polskim w latach 1918-1939 na terenie ZSRR. Periodyki te stanowią świadectwo szczególnej epoki - ukazywały się w pierwszych ...dekadach po rewolucji 1917 roku w warunkach państwowego monopolu informacyjnego. Tytuły gazet i czasopism zostały dostosowane do jednej linii politycznej i ideologicznej obowiązującej w ZSRR. Słownictwo wykorzystane w badanych tytułach prasowych zostało omówione na tle właściwości ówczesnej rosyjskiej propagandy politycznej i kształtującej się na jej wzór propagandy polskojęzycznej.
L'objectif de cet article est de décrire les procédés stylistiques provoquant l'effet ironique dans Le roi se meurt ainsi que les modes de les transposer en langue polonaise dans une traduction ...d'Adam Tarn. L'analyse comparative de deux versions linguistiques permet de constater que pour rendre l'ironie, qui masque le tragique de la condition humaine, le traducteur utilise généralement les mêmes procédés stylistiques. Il arrive cependant que la dérision dans la traduction soit encore plus accentuée par le registre familier du langage dont se servent les personnages en version polonaise.
Coreference Ogrodniczuk, Maciej
2014, 2014-12-12
eBook, Book
The book presents work on coreference understanding, annotation and resolution of a slavic language which can be applied to natural language processing in computers and software using English and ...other languages. By presenting the steps of building a coreference-related component of the NLP toolset, the volume serves as a reference book on state-of-the art methods in coreference projects for new languages and a tutorial for NLP practitioners.
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