The center of attention of the narrative prose by A. Budzisz is the Kashubian territorial space in connection with the existential dimension of human work, which is why Budzisz’s prose is said to be ...“a living document of the Kashubian culture.” The literary subject (narrator) presenting the reality of Kashubia is strongly associated with it, the text shows that the writer never distances himself from the described topography. What’s more – the descriptive narratives of Bautzen show that on a deep level of meanings, an intense experience of reality points to the original, existing “forever” relationship between a human / literary subject and the homeland. In the literary description of the space of Kashubia, the tendency to focus attention on the Kashubian half and the semi-private landscape and the work of the host / writer of the land dominates.
The article offers a synthetic approach to the phenomenon of self-reflection in the Polish novel of the 20th century. The Polish literary critic A. Sandauer called the process of writing a novel ...within the novel with the author’s self-reflection by the term of autotematyzm (autothematism). The term has analogies in Western Literary Studies as mise en abyme, self-reflective novel, self-reference novel, metafiction. The origin of the Polish autothematic novel is derived from the tradition of a romantic digressive poem and a novel about an artist at the beginning of the 20th century: The Hag (1903) by K. Irzykowski, Rotten Wood (1903) by W. Berent. After 1918, due to the introduction of the essay, journalistic methods, autobiography, as well as disillusion of narration to the novel, autothematic prose became an important field of the literary experiment (F. Goetel, S. I. Witkiewicz, W. Gombrowicz). After 1956, in the writings of W. Mach (Mountains over the Black Sea, 1961), T. Parnicki (Identity, 1972) and J. Andrzejewski (The Pulp, 1979), the autothematic novel varied formally and crossed the boundaries of the discussion on literariness. It turned into the area of ethical, historical and political discussions, linking historical experience, dramatic historical events that shaped the existence of Polish society in the 20th century. The ethical aspect of self-reflection combined with writer’s autobiography became a distinctive feature of prose that appeared in the Polish samizdat in the 70s–80s. (The Pulp). A separate position is given to historical novels by T. Parnicki, which became the site of the author’s concept of autothematism as the theory of the novel (Identity). Postmodernism following 1989 eliminates the political, ethical and theoretical aspects of autothematism, making it an intertextual convention partly belonging to popular literature.
The article describes some authors of contemporary Kashubian literature such as Jan Drzeżdżon, Stanisław Janke and Artur Jabłoński. The analysis of their novels today allows us to see new mentality ...and aesthetic processes in Kashubian literature. Drzeżdżon moved away from the poetics of realism to the benefi t of dream and grotesque, Janke from factographic memories in favor of the Bildungsroman poetics and symbolic narrative. In reference to postmodernism Jabłoński builds his novels by using a sensational, moral, symbolic or political fi ction plot. By describing these three writers we can characterize the wider transformation of the poetics of the novel in Kashubia.
The aim of the article is to present a history of Polish concrete poetry and to identify; on the one hand; typically Polish elements and on the other the characteristics it shares with other ...manifestations of this international trend. It highlights the crucial role of Stanisław Dróżdż; the leading fi gure in the movement; and analyses the unique; intermedial and minimalist; aesthetics of his pojęciokształty (concept-shapes). By discussing a number of other representative works by such artists as Marianna Bocian or Marzenna Kosińska and their critical reception the article demonstrates the variety of forms this poetry has taken in Poland.
Three experimental novels by Magdalena Tulli reveal their essayistic features only after our attempt to integrate their meaning into the context of Polish publishing houses editing policy, including ...the process of creating aesthetic objects, corresponding critical response, various methodological approaches of literary criticism and translation strategies. Only within this broader semantic context we read Dreams and Stones, Stitches and The Gearing – in opposition to the majority of Polish recipients – as essays refl ecting conditions of literary and non-li terary fi ction, writing and reading circumstances as the central aspects of word meaning potential, or syntax and phrasing from the anthropological perspective.
The starting point of the refl ections on the outer and inner isolation of Jan Lechoń will be the poem Erynie. It can be considered one of the most signifi cant in his achievements from the ...perspective of the reconstruction of biographies and heroes of the poetic world. Due to the fact that the poem arose a year before the suicide of the author; it is read not only as an artistic confession; but also as a poetic testament.
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