This paper reviews the current state of power supply technology platforms and highlights future trends and challenges toward realizing fully monolithic power converters. This paper presents a ...detailed survey of relevant power converter technologies, namely power supply in package and power supply on chip (PwrSoC). The performance of different power converter solutions reported in the literature is benchmarked against existing commercial products. This paper presents a detailed review of integrated magnetics technologies, primarily microinductors, a key component in realizing a monolithic power converter. A detailed review and comparison of different microinductor structures and the magnetic materials used as inductor cores is presented. The deposition techniques for integrating the magnetic materials in the microinductor structures are discussed. This paper proposes the use of two performance metrics or figures of merit in order to compare the dc and ac performance of individual microinductor structures. Finally, the authors discuss future trends, key challenges, and potential solutions in the realization of the "holy grail" of monolithically integrated power supplies (PwrSoC).
A new 14-MW highly stabilized power supply is being designed and constructed, which will be operated in parallel with the existing 28-MW power supply to increase the total electric power to 42 MW, to ...energize the 42-T water-cooled resistive magnet under design at the High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CHMFL) in Hefei. For the new 14-MW power supply, a 10-kV static var generator (SVG) is designed to replace the traditional power factor correction technology used fixed capacitor banks. The SVG can dynamically improve the power factor and stabilize the grid voltage. A novel series active filter based on high-frequency switching power supply is designed, which is expected to further reduce the current ripple to less than 10 ppm with lower loss and easier control mode. Water-cooled dry-type rectifier transformers will also be applied to the new 14-MW power supply, which can improve the operation safety and maintainability of the power supply. In addition, some optimization design of the new 14-MW power supply will also be mentioned in this article.
High-voltage pulse power supplies are key power input devices for the study and application of discharge plasma. A high-voltage pulse current power supply (HV-PCPS) with an energy storage pulse ...transformer based on flyback topology can output microsecond pulsewidths with high-power, ultrahigh voltage, and high reliability, which are suitable for most dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma applications. However, during the process of DBD driven by an HV-PCPS based on an energy storage pulse transformer, the output pulse voltage waveform quality is poor, making it not suitable for stable discharge long-term operation. This article aims to solve the aforementioned problem and proposes a novel resistor-diode-diode (RDD) shaping method. Not only can this novel method solve the problem of poor quality of the output pulse power from the HV-PCPS, guaranteeing stable discharge for various DBD electrodes, it can also limit the maximum output voltage amplitude. This prevents overvoltage breakdown when the output terminal is in an open state or a light load state because the HV-PCPS is acting as a current source. This article also analyzes the effectiveness of an RDD branch when solving the problem in theory, and gives a detailed parameter design method. Finally, a 30-kV HV-PCPS prototype is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed RDD pulse shaping method. The average pulse power output of the whole prototype is greatly improved, and it can achieve an average pulse power output of 1 kW. Furthermore, the electrode loads of different DBD reactors can be driven by this technology.
This paper examines two of the primary power supply architectures being predominantly used for wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging, namely the series LC (SLC) resonant and the hybrid ...series-parallel (LCL) resonant full-bridge inverter topologies. The study of both of these topologies is presented in the context of designing a 3-kW primary-side controlled stationary wireless EV charger with nominal operating parameters of 30-kHz center frequency, a range of coupling in the neighborhood of 0.18-0.26, and a parallel secondary pick-up with partial series coil compensation. A comparison of both architectures is made in terms of their design methodology, physical size, cost, complexity, and efficiency. It is found that the SLC architecture is 2.45% less costly than the LCL topology. On the other hand, it is observed that the LCL architecture achieves almost 10% higher peak efficiency at rated load and minimum coupling. The study also showed that the SLC topology suffers from poor light load efficiency, while the LCL topology maintains very high efficiency over its full range of coupling and loading. The study also revealed that the capacitor voltage stress is significantly higher in the SLC topology. Finally, it is also shown that the control complexity of the SLC architecture is higher than that of the LCL architecture because of its sensitivity to changes in the reflected secondary impedance, which result in loss of constant current source and ZVS operation unless a suitable combination of parameters are modulated by the closed-loop controller.
This article presents guidelines for designing the power supply blocks of RF oscillators. To preserve their spectral purity, the requirements on the noise and ripple of the supply voltage are firstly ...evaluated based on the oscillator supply pushing factor and the oscillator Figure-of-Merit (FOM). Those specifications are then employed to design and estimate the power efficiency of an analog low-dropout regulator (LDO) and a switched-capacitor DC-DC converter. As a proof of concept, a 2:1 or 3:2 switched-capacitor DC-DC converter is implemented and directly connected to our previously published 4.9 - 5.5 GHz LC oscillator. The converter provides a 1V supply voltage with a noise ≤ 0.9nV/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sqrt {Hz} </tex-math></inline-formula> at 1MHz and does not affect the inherent phase noise of the oscillator. The ripple amplitude of the converter is 30mV while its effect is suppressed by the spur reduction block embedded in the oscillator.
For current power supply systems in internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, there exists a lack of comprehensive monitoring and sufficient management. There is no effective fault diagnosis and ...fault-tolerant protection either. With increasing number of devices applied in ICE vehicles, power supply system of vehicle is in desperate need of improvement. In this paper, a novel in-vehicle intelligent electric power supply network with comprehensive on-board fault diagnosis and real-time fault-tolerant protection is proposed. First, the architecture of in-vehicle intelligent electric power supply network is established, making the power supply process of all devices smarter. Then, a hybrid-signal-based method is presented for on-board detection of multifarious faults, and over-temperature failure of wiring harness is detected based on the proposed real-time temperature evaluation model of wiring harness. Furthermore, a multilevel fault-tolerant protection method is proposed based on redundant design, to achieve power supply security and avoid false protection. Finally, tests are performed on the vehicle as well as test bench to verify the feasibility and reliability of the proposed power supply network. The results reveal that each device's power supply process is appropriately monitored, online detection of faults is successfully achieved, and the fault-tolerant method is able to realize remediation and protection in real time.
Display omitted
•Hybrid solar photovoltaic-electrical energy storage systems are reviewed for building.•Global status of electrical energy storage for photovoltaic systems is highlighted.•Technical, ...economic, environmental performances of the hybrid systems are summarized.•Optimization methods and criteria of the hybrid systems are elaborated.
Solar energy is globally promoted as an effective alternative power source to fossil fuels because of its easy accessibility and environmental benefit. Solar photovoltaic applications are promising alternative approaches for power supply to buildings, which dominate energy consumption in most urban areas. To compensate for the fluctuating and unpredictable features of solar photovoltaic power generation, electrical energy storage technologies are introduced to align power generation with the building demand. This paper mainly focuses on hybrid photovoltaic-electrical energy storage systems for power generation and supply of buildings and comprehensively summarizes findings of authorized reports and academic research outputs from literatures. The global installation capacity of hybrid photovoltaic-electrical energy storage systems is firstly examined to show the significant progress in emerging markets. Particularly, the latest installation status of photovoltaic-battery energy storage in the leading markets is highlighted as the most popular hybrid photovoltaic-electrical energy storage technology for building applications. The research progress on photovoltaic integrated electrical energy storage technologies is categorized by mechanical, electrochemical and electric storage types, and then analyzed according to the technical, economic and environmental performances. Moreover, extensive research on hybrid photovoltaic-electrical energy storage systems is analyzed and discussed based on the adopted optimization criteria for improving future applications in buildings. It is indicated that the lithium-ion battery, supercapacitor and flywheel storage technologies show promising prospects in storing photovoltaic energy for power supply to buildings. Potential research topics on the performance analysis and optimization evaluation of hybrid photovoltaic-electrical energy storage systems in buildings are identified in aspects of the local adaption, flexible control, grid integration, as well as building resilience and intelligence. This study provides an insight of the current development, research scope and design optimization of hybrid photovoltaic-electrical energy storage systems for power supply to buildings and can serve as an explicit guide for further research in the related area.
High-power inductive power transfer (IPT) systems operate at power levels of 100 kW or more. However, existing high-power IPT power supplies are typically designed for one power level and are ...expensive to make, due to the use of high-power electronic components. This paper presents a parallel IPT power supply topology that can achieve high output power levels in a cost effective manner. The parallel topology can minimize uneven power sharing due to component tolerance, and does not require any additional reactive components for parallelization. In addition, it can continue to operate when a faulty parallel unit is electronically shut down, dramatically improving the availability and reliability of the systems. Furthermore, flexible output power levels may be achieved by connecting identical modules in parallel. A 6 kW parallel power supply has been constructed by connecting three 2 kW power supplies in parallel. The maximum efficiency of the power supply and track is measured to be 94%.
"Power Quality in Electrified Transportation Systems" has covered interesting horizontal topics over diversified transportation technologies, ranging from railways to electric vehicles and ships. ...Although the attention is chiefly focused on typical railway issues such as harmonics, resonances and reactive power flow compensation, the integration of electric vehicles plays a significant role. The book is completed by some additional significant contributions, focusing on the interpretation of Power Quality phenomena propagation in railways using the fundamentals of electromagnetic theory and on electric ships in the light of the latest standardization efforts.
PDF
