This study examines people's response to well‐known determinants in private education spending (PES). Based on the Korean Education Longitudinal Study, we divided the private education ...decision‐making process into two parts: whether to spend and how much to spend. Due to omitted environmental factors, latent subgroups that share the same PES effects were classified using a clustering methodology. Empirical analysis found that people respond differently only to household income and school year. For 40% of the observations, household income has a significant impact on PES decisions. There is no effect of household income in the other subgroups, whereas different patterns of PES according to the school year induce heterogeneity in other subgroups. There is no heterogeneity for the effects of gender, educational environment and plans to attend college.
The research aims to assess the functional efficiency of private education institutions when performing their task at a high level to satisfy the needs of the city’s residents. It has been recently ...noticed that people favor private education to government institutions education; a matter which has led to the phenomenon of its spread, and to access its consequences. Its spread has competed not only the governmental institutions, but also the private institutions among themselves in providing the best educational services and survive accordingly. The present paper further examines the pressing negative side on the teaching faculty, especially with regard to their monthly income. The positive and negative points altogether have made it urgent to find the best and proper solutions to enhance faculty members’ output, and increase their positive sides to serve the educational service. Such steps cannot be achieved without conducting tests inside these private educational institutions to interpret all their scientific queries. The study has used the descriptive, functional and analytical approach, and adopted a field study by collecting relevant data and information for the purpose of the research and its problem based on the reality of the facilities of this service for the year (2020). The first two questionnaire forms were distributed to a sample of (1520) parents of students in private schools, by taking one student per family. The second sample amounted to (200) survey forms distributed to the teaching faculty. Results have shown that the high percentage of students registered in the primary stage greatly surpassed the rest of the educational stages. Besides, the increase in the educational level provided by these institutions is the reason for its spread; that is why, the level of students’ parents’ satisfaction has increased to (good) level.
This paper explores the mid-term effects of the de facto privatization that has taken place in the Peruvian educational system. It takes advantage of changes in educational market policies as well as ...two sources of variation, namely the geographical location of the new private schools and the year of birth of individuals. Both variables determine the degree of exposure to the private school expansion process. The results suggest that this phenomenon has contributed neither to increasing access to formal education nor to improving wages in the labor market. This evidence raises concerns about the impact of privatization on the quality of the education system as a whole, as well as the regulatory role of the State.
•Privatizing education in Peru did not significantly increase access to formal education or improve wages in the labor market.•Private education in Peru has expanded the most in areas where the shares of private schools were already high.•The rise in low-fee schools, often associated with poor-quality educational provision, seems to explain these facts.•Findings spotlight concerns about the state's regulatory role and the effect of privatization on education quality.
This paper examines the political economy of artificial intelligence (AI) and education in China, through an analysis of government policy and private sector enterprise. While media and policy ...discourse often portray China's AI development in terms of a unified national strategy, and a burgeoning geopolitical contestation for future global dominance, this analysis will suggest a more nuanced internal complexity, involving differing regional networks and international corporate activity. The first section considers two key policy documents published by the central Chinese government, which are shown to implicate educational institutions as influential actors in national and regional strategies for AI development, with a significant role in plans to train domestic expertise. The second section outlines three prominent private education companies: New Oriental Group, Tomorrow Advancing Life (TAL), and Squirrel AI. These companies are selected to represent important aspects of China's development of educational AI applications, including the influence of a well-established private education sector, and a growing interest in international corporate activity. The paper concludes with the suggestion that while central government policy reserves a significant role for education in the national AI strategy, the private sector is utilising favourable political conditions to rapidly develop educational applications and markets.
Private educators who offer classes to support the learning of hobbies are often considered educational professionals, but the specifics of their professional skills in pedagogy and learning support ...have not been fully clarified. This study aimed to shed light on an aspect of these skills by revealing the strategies for conducting lessons based on the interests of their clients. Results from the thematic analysis of interviews with ten coaches, both general and high-performing, at a table tennis school in the Tokyo metropolitan area indicated that the coaches used the strategies of “understanding goal-oriented interests through conversation,” “adjusting practice menus and conversation based on interests,” and “professionalism as a service provider.” Additionally, the following strategies were found to be characteristic of high-performing coaches: “sensitive understanding of fluctuating interests,” “collaborative construction of interests through acceptance and suggestion,” and “recognizing interest as an object of support by team.”
Advocates of 'low-cost' private schooling have consistently maintained that this is an 'egalitarian alternative' to public provision in Africa and Asia. This article presents evidence from recently ...conducted school and household surveys in 17 countries in sub-Saharan Africa which suggests that this is not the case. In particular, relatively very few children from the poorest households in rural areas enrol in private schools. Given low population densities and continuing high poverty rates, the possibility of any marked scaling up of for-profit private schooling across rural Africa remains remote. While private school enrolment rates among children from the poorest households in urban areas are appreciably higher, they are still under 20% in almost all of these countries.
This article focuses on one of the most significant and yet generally unreported developments in schooling provision in Sub-Saharan Africa during the last two decades, namely the rapid privatisation ...of primary and secondary schooling in capital city conurbations across the continent. In a majority of countries, this has led to the emergence of a spatially segmented education system with, on the one hand, increasingly privatised schooling provision in these conurbations and, to a lesser extent, other urban areas and, on the other hand, the predominance of generaly very poorly resourced public schooling in rural areas.
Private educators who offer classes to support the learning of hobbies are often considered educational professionals, but the specifics of their professional skills in pedagogy and learning support ...have not been fully clarified. This study aimed to shed light on an aspect of these skills by revealing the strategies for conducting lessons based on the interests of their clients. Results from the thematic analysis of interviews with ten coaches, both general and high-performing, at a table tennis school in the Tokyo metropolitan area indicated that the coaches used the strategies of “understanding goal-oriented interests through conversation,” “adjusting practice menus and conversation based on interests,” and “professionalism as a service provider.” Additionally, the following strategies were found to be characteristic of high-performing coaches: “sensitive understanding of fluctuating interests,” “collaborative construction of interests through acceptance and suggestion,” and “recognizing interest as an object of support by team.”
Background
College admissions policies are complex and fast-changing in South Korea (hereinafter, Korea). The Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency and the Ministry of Education have jointly ...conducted adolescent health behavior surveys every year since 2005. Mental health is included in the survey as an important category. We examined the effects of the current complicated college admissions process on the mental health and well-being of middle- and high-school students in Korea, to serve as a guide for future educational policy reforms.
Methods
We performed secondary statistical analyses on varied data collected between 2017-2021. The data are obtained from Korean Statistical Information Service, Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Korean Ministry of Education, National Youth Policy Institute, and other related Korean government branches. We used the proportional allocation method, which took account of the size of the 17 cities and provinces in South Korea, as well as the population numbers in those regions. Our statistics are reliable owing to the robustness of the official source data and the large sample size.
Results
Notably, middle- and high-school students generally spend several hours in private classes (because public schools are insufficient to prepare for the college admissions process) and on their daily homework, leaving limited leisure time. Parents spend a significant portion of their household income on private education. Moreover, middle-and high-school students suffer greatly from severe mental health issues such as with suicide, depression, anxiety, and similar indicators. Middle- and high-school students are experiencing mental health problems that are not merely stress.
Conclusions
A secondary analysis of the collected data suggests that the complex college admission process and over-loaded mental health issues among Korean middle- and high-school students are quite serious. The results can further serve as a guide for policymakers to evaluate and plan youth health policies and health promotion projects for students in South Korea.
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