Electrode processing plays an important role in advancing lithium-ion battery technologies and has a significant impact on cell energy density, manufacturing cost, and throughput. Compared to the ...extensive research on materials development, however, there has been much less effort in this area. In this Review, we outline each step in the electrode processing of lithium-ion batteries from materials to cell assembly, summarize the recent progress in individual steps, deconvolute the interplays between those steps, discuss the underlying constraints, and share some prospective technologies. This Review aims to provide an overview of the whole process in lithium-ion battery fabrication from powder to cell formation and bridge the gap between academic development and industrial manufacturing.
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Mortality Leenders, Max; Sluijs, Ivonne; Ros, Martine M. ...
American journal of epidemiology,
08/2013, Letnik:
178, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Depression is the leading cause of mental health-related disease burden and may be reduced by physical activity, but the dose-response relationship between activity and depression is uncertain.
To ...systematically review and meta-analyze the dose-response association between physical activity and incident depression from published prospective studies of adults.
PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and the reference lists of systematic reviews retrieved by a systematic search up to December 11, 2020, with no language limits. The date of the search was November 12, 2020.
We included prospective cohort studies reporting physical activity at 3 or more exposure levels and risk estimates for depression with 3000 or more adults and 3 years or longer of follow-up.
Data extraction was completed independently by 2 extractors and cross-checked for errors. A 2-stage random-effects dose-response meta-analysis was used to synthesize data. Study-specific associations were estimated using generalized least-squares regression and the pooled association was estimated by combining the study-specific coefficients using restricted maximum likelihood.
The outcome of interest was depression, including (1) presence of major depressive disorder indicated by self-report of physician diagnosis, registry data, or diagnostic interviews and (2) elevated depressive symptoms established using validated cutoffs for a depressive screening instrument.
Fifteen studies comprising 191 130 participants and 2 110 588 person-years were included. An inverse curvilinear dose-response association between physical activity and depression was observed, with steeper association gradients at lower activity volumes; heterogeneity was large and significant (I2 = 74%; P < .001). Relative to adults not reporting any activity, those accumulating half the recommended volume of physical activity (4.4 marginal metabolic equivalent task hours per week mMET-h/wk) had 18% (95% CI, 13%-23%) lower risk of depression. Adults accumulating the recommended volume of 8.8 mMET hours per week had 25% (95% CI, 18%-32%) lower risk with diminishing potential benefits and higher uncertainty observed beyond that exposure level. There were diminishing additional potential benefits and greater uncertainty at higher volumes of physical activity. Based on an estimate of exposure prevalences among included cohorts, if less active adults had achieved the current physical activity recommendations, 11.5% (95% CI, 7.7%-15.4%) of depression cases could have been prevented.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of associations between physical activity and depression suggests significant mental health benefits from being physically active, even at levels below the public health recommendations. Health practitioners should therefore encourage any increase in physical activity to improve mental health.
We set out to describe the natural history of keratoconus. We included untreated patients, and our key outcome measures were vision, refraction, and corneal curvature.
Keratoconus affects 86 in 100 ...000 people, causing visual loss due to increasing irregular corneal astigmatism, and the quality of life declines in patients. Interventions are used to stabilize the disease or improve vision, including corneal cross-linking (CXL) and grafting, but these carry risks. Detailed knowledge of the natural history of keratoconus is fundamental in making informed decisions on when their benefits outweigh these risks.
We included prospective or retrospective studies of pediatric or adult patients who reported 1 or more of visual acuity, refraction, and corneal curvature measures: steep keratometry (K
), mean keratometry (K
), or maximum keratometry (K
), thinnest pachymetry, corneal transplantation rates, corneal scarring incidence, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Databases analyzed included Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and CINAHL. Searches were carried out until October 2018. Bias assessment was carried out using the Joanna Briggs Institute model of evidence-based healthcare.
Our search yielded 3950 publication titles, of which 41 were included in our systematic review and 23 were incorporated into the meta-analysis. Younger patients and those with greater K
demonstrated more steepening of K
at 12 months. The meta-analysis for K
demonstrated a significant increase in K
of 0.7 diopters (D) at 12 months (95% confidence interval CI, 0.31-1.14; P = 0.003). Our meta-regression model predicted that patients had 0.8 D less K
steepening over 12 months for every 10-year increase in age (P = 0.01). Patients were predicted to have 1 D greater K
steepening for every 5 D of greater baseline K
(P = 0.003). At 12 months, there was a significant increase in the average K
of 0.4 D (95% CI, 0.18-0.65; P = 0.004).
We report the first systematic review and meta-analysis of keratoconus natural history data including 11 529 eyes. Younger patients and those with K
steeper than 55 D at presentation have a significantly greater risk of progression of keratoconus. Closer follow-up and a lower threshold for cross-linking should be adopted in patients younger than 17 years and steeper than 55 D K
.
Meat, fish, and fatty acid intakes have been reported to be associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), although results have been inconclusive. We hypothesized that red meat and SFA intakes increase ...NHL risk, and fish and PUFA intakes decrease NHL risk.
We investigated the association between NHL incidence and meat, fish, and various fatty acid type intakes using the Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective Study.
The current cohort study included 93,366 participants aged 45–74 y who were eligible for analysis; they were followed up until December 2012. Participants answered an FFQ between 1995 and 1999. We analyzed the effects of meat, fish, total fatty acid, SFA, and PUFA intakes on NHL incidence using the Cox proportional hazard model.
The median age was 57 y (IQR: 51–63 y), and 46.5% of the participants were men. Participants were followed up for 1,345,001 person-years, and 230 patients with NHL were identified. Total fatty acid and SFA intakes were associated with an increased incidence of NHL, with an adjusted HR of 1.56 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.34 highest compared with lowest quartile; P-trend = 0.062), and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.41; P-trend = 0.074), respectively. In subtype analysis, total fatty acid and SFA intakes were also associated with increased incidence of follicular lymphoma but were not significantly associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Conversely, total meat, processed meat, unprocessed meat, red meat, poultry, fish, MUFA, PUFA, n–3 (ω-3) PUFA, and n–6 (ω-6) PUFA intakes were not significantly associated with the incidence of NHL or its subtypes.
Total fatty acid and SFA intakes were associated with increased incidence of NHL in the Japanese adult population. Further large-scale studies are warranted to test whether fatty acid intakes affect the development of NHL.
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•Blueberry waste as potential resource for value addition end product recovery are discussed.•Sustainable resource recovery and ecofriendly approach are reviewed.•Recent trends and ...possibilities on blueberry biorefinery are mentioned.•Challenges in blueberry waste resource recovery and applications are appraised.•Circular bioeconomy aspects and regulatory issues of blueberry waste are discussed.
Waste valorization using biological methods for value addition as well as environmental management is becoming popular approach for sustainable development. The present review addresses the availability of blueberry crop residues (BCR), applications of this feedstock in bioprocess for obtaining range of value-added products, to offer economic viability, business development and market potential, challenges and future perspectives. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article addressing the blueberry waste valorization for a sustainable circular bioeconomy. Furthermore, it covers the information on the alternative BCR valorization methods and production of biochar for environmental management through removal or mitigation of organic and inorganic pollutants from contaminated sites. The review also discusses the ample opportunities of strategic utilization of BCR to offer solutions for environmental sustenance, covers the emerging trends to produce multi-products and techno-economic prospective for sustainable agronomy.
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