High-definition approaches are currently revolutionizing our understanding of the archaeology of urban archives. Multi-proxy studies at a high spatial resolution offer especially an opportunity to ...capture their high data potential. Here we present a study of complex floor layers from an occupation phase dating to c. AD 790–830 uncovered in the Viking-age emporium Ribe, Denmark (c. AD 700–900). In order to better understand stratigraphy and the use of indoor space, mapping for soil geochemistry (portable X-ray fluorescence analysis, pXRF) on a high-resolution grid (0.25 × 0.25 m, n = 1059), was combined with targeted sampling for soil micromorphology and artefact distributions. The results show that the studied occupation phase was composed of several short-lived floor phases belonging to two consecutive houses that had been sampled in conjunction, and which exhibited a complex stratigraphy. The older house phase had a primarily domestic function, where ten functional areas could be defined, and are interpreted as designated spaces for food preparation, storage, sitting or sleeping, and weaving. A younger house phase contained a metal workshop in addition to domestic functions. Methodologically, a number of new, potentially anthropogenic, elements of archaeological interest, such as arsenic, manganese and sulfur, were identified that may contribute to interpretations, while the multi-proxy approach elucidates the refined scale at which we can understand a complex stratigraphic sequence and the integrity of its units. This study shows how the various aspects of Viking-age urban life (craft production, domestic life) were integrated, and sheds light on the dynamics of urban occupation.
Jela sa sastavnicom jadranska riba ili jadranski školjkaš tipična su jela dalmatinske kuhinje i time se ubrajaju u skupinu hrvatskih gastronomskih kulturema, koje u tekstnoj vrsti jelovnik treba ...prevoditi s osobitom pozornošću s obzirom na značaj koji imaju u hrvatskoj gastroturističkoj ponudi. Analiza zadarskih hrvatsko-njemačkih jelovnika pokazuje da su polazni tekstovi upravo u ovoj skupini autohtonih jela vrlo manjkavi jer potencijalnom prevoditelju ne daju ni najmanju informaciju o tradicionalnom načinu pripreme. Sa stanovišta funkcionalističkih prijevodnih teorija ni njihovi prijevodi na njemački jezik nisu funkcionalni ni u skladu s očekivanjima primatelja u odnosu na tekstnu vrstu. Polazeći od spoznaja funkcionalističkih teorija, teorije skoposa Reiß i Vermeera (1984) i teorije prijevodnoga djelovanja Holz-Mänttäri (1984) te modela dizajniranja teksta Holz-Mänttäri (1993, 2009), u radu se rekonstruiraju nedostaci polaznih tekstova sa sastavnicom jadranska riba ili jadranski školjkaš u odnosu na funkcionalne i prikladno dizajnirane tekstove. Ciljni tekstovi na njemačkom jeziku u kojima se daju jasni nazivi hrvatskih autohtonih jela i način njihove pripreme time ispunjavaju svrhu i dobivaju zasluženi potencijal, koji im pripada u gastronomskoj promidžbi naše zemlje.
Dishes whose names contain the lexical unit Adriatic fish or Adriatic shellfish represent typical dishes of Dalmatian cuisine. Considering their status as Croatian gastronomic culturemes and their significance in the Croatian gastronomic offer, the names of these dishes need to be translated very carefully and precisely in menus, as a specific text type. The analysis of menus offered in Zadar, in Croatian and German, indicates that the source texts that give information about these indigenous dishes lack informativness, since they do not provide the translator with enough information about the traditional ways of perparing these dishes. From the perspective of functionalist translation theories, it can be assessed that the translations of these texts in German are not functional and they do not meet the expectations of the target recipients regarding the given text type. Starting from functionalist translation theories, Skopos theory (Reiß and Vermeer 1984), theory of translation action (Holz-Mänttäri 1984) and the text design model (Holz-Mänttäri 1993, 2009), the author of this paper reconstructs source texts lacking sufficient information, which contain the lexical unit Adriatic fish and Adriatic shellfish to create functional and adequately designed texts. Target texts in German, which are supplied with the names of original Croatian dishes and information about the ways these dishes are prepared are given new design that adds to their function and purpose and in that way, getting the place they deserve in the gastronomic promotion of our country.
Denmark experienced major socioeconomic changes, including overall population growth, during the Viking, medieval and post-medieval periods from ca. AD 800 to 1800. Archaeological skeletons provide a ...unique perspective on the population structure of Ribe, a Danish town in Jutland, during the millennium that immediately precedes the industrialization of northern Europe. This skeletal study adds temporal depth to our understanding of an overall trend toward longer life as seen from historical records and in modern studies. Adult male and female mean age at death and mortality profiles during three time periods are based on 943 adult skeletons from three urban cemeteries that collectively represent a cross-section of this urban community. For both males and females, the mean age at death decreased slightly from the Viking (males 38.5 years, females 38.6 years) to the medieval (males 37.4 years, females 36.9 years) periods. This decline was followed by an increase in mean age at death for both sexes from the medieval to post-medieval (males 40.4 years, females 43.2 years) periods, a notable gain of 3.0 and 6.3 years for men and women, respectively.
