Approximately one century has passed since a Czech dramatist Capek Karel used a word “robot” for the first time in his satirical work “Rosumovi Univerzální Roboti (Rossum's Universal Robots)” in ...1921. Indeed, the existence of a robot started with a literary imagination, when the word was used for the first time about one century ago, but the rot becomes an entity inseparable from human life, including housework and even nursing, in the contemporary society. Today, we have come to see intelligent robots going so far as not only to think and move of their own accord, but also revealing their feelings on their faces. That kind of robots is represented by ASIMO developed in 1980 by Honda in Japan, KISMET developed in the late 1990s by MIT in America, and HUBO developed in 2004 by KAIST in South Korea. Like this, robot research is currently led by Japan, the United States and the Republic of Korea. This presentation is about the robot education system currently implemented from elementary through high schools, the education results and the future prospects in South Korea. On the whole, robot education begins at college levels in America and Japan, but it is made in a systematic way after regular curricular activities at elementary schools in the Republic of Korea. In addition, more than 1000 private institutes for robot education are driving a booming trade and numerous robot competitions, including the International Robot Olympiad (IRO), are held in South Korea. Therefore, not only is the Republic of Korea expected to take the advantageous position first in the future robot education market, but the current robot education system in South Korea will be able to be a good guide for that which will be carried out throughout the world in a few years in the future.
This book teaches anyone interested how to build LEGO MINDSTORMS robots. He starts with an easy robot and gets to more detail in the succeeding 6 robots built in the book. The robots he presents are ...award winning robots, so he is giving away his secrets. He also teaches how to program the robots. If you are not a programmer, then you can use the code provided. He tells you what equipment you need and how to get it inexpensively. So everything is discussed that you will need to create these robots or modify his designs to create your own.
Robust and accurate force feedback is a clinical need for enhancing the safety of remote robot-assisted interventional procedures. In this study, an impedance-based force feedback approach was ...proposed and validated. Initially a fast impedance identification method for estimating the impedance of catheter-vasculature interaction at the slave module of such systems was obtained. Afterward, a force feedback approach based on matching the mechanical impedance of the master module with the identified impedance was implemented. The proposed force control method was experimentally studied for a robot-assisted remote catheter insertion task. Also, the performance of the proposed method was experimentally compared to the conventional direct force reflection approach. The proposed force feedback method exhibited fair accuracy in force tracking (mean-absolute error of 0.046 ± 0.027 N). The proposed method outperformed the direct force reflection approach in the absence and presence of communication interruptions (0.052N vs. 0.061N) and (0.041N vs. 0.171N), respectively. The proposed force feedback method exhibited favorable robustness and accuracy for remote interventional applications.
Minijaturni roboti jedan su od pravac vrlo intenzivnog razvoja robota. Među njima leteći roboti, poput kukaca ili malih ptica, zauzimaju značajno mjesto. Namijenjeni su prije svega vojsci za ...izviđanje kao i vojno djelovanje, službama za spašavanje unesrećenih kod prirodnih katastrofa ili vojnih razaranja. Razvijaju se i kao mogući oprašivači cvjetova za slučaj da to bude potrebno. Znanstvenici očekuju njihovu upotrebu u procesu nadzora i praćenja promjena u okolišu. Ponašanje tzv. društvenih kukaca u prirodi dati će odgovore o kolektivnoj inteligenciji neophodnoj kod rada s velikim brojem minijaturnih robota pogotovo mikroskopskih i nanoveličina.
Achieving a stable, human-like gait for humanoid robots is a challenging task. While a variety of techniques exist to generate stable walking patterns, only little attention has been paid to the ...resemblance to the human gait. Popular gaits, for example, apply the strategy to bend the knees and to swing the torso in the lateral direction in order to ensure stability by shifting the center of mass. As a result, the walking patterns do not look very humanlike. However, human resemblance is an important aspect whenever robots are designed to coexist and interact with humans. In this article, we present techniques to optimize a given, stable gait of a humanoid robot with respect to human resemblance. To acquire human data, we use a full-body motion capture system. We propose four different optimization algorithms that work at joint angle basis and use the joint angle difference as measure of similarity. The experiments carried out with a HOAP-2 robot in simulation demonstrate that all techniques generate a gait that is significantly more human-like compared to the robot's initial gate. As the results show, the optimization methods based on hill climbing and policy gradient estimation yield the best performance.
Obrađen je pregled razvoja robota i njihov utjecaj na društvo i čovjeka. Opisano je sve veće usmjerenje njihovog razvoja prema tzv. servisnim robotima, odnosno društvenim robotima koji će biti ...sastavni dio našeg svakodnevnog života, prisutni u skoro svim djelatnostima čovjeka. Prikazana su rješenja antropomorfnih robota kao krajnje moguće oblikovanje robota i prilagođavanje suživotu s čovjekom. Posebno je ukazano na utjecaj digitalne tehnologije kao i robota na proces razmišljanja novih generacija rođenih u vremenu njihovog postojanja. Kako će 21. stoljeće biti obilježeno robotima i novim tehnologijama nužno je mlade generacije pripremiti za to novo doba. Isto tako veliki interes djece za robote i njihov rad kao oblik fizičke realizacije i interpretacije informatičkih rješenja, valja iskoristiti za neposredno učenje. U tom smislu prikazana su različita rješenja kompleta dijelova za slaganje robota od najjednostavnijih do složenih pomoću kojih se mogu učiti razni nastavni predmeti. Kroz aktivni rad sastavljanja stječu se i tehnička znanja o mehanici, elektronici i programiranju. Razvija se mašta i inovativnost. Prikazan je i način učenja s robotima kada se oni pojavljuju kao pomoćnici nastavniku što je već realizirano za učenje stranih jezika na različite načine. Nastavne programe u kojima se uči o i s robotima već su uvele neke zemlje poput Australije, Amerike, Finske. Sadržaj članka ima cilj upoznati čitatelja s tom problematikom.
Domestic tasks require three main skills from autonomous robots: robust navigation, object manipulation, and intuitive communication with the users. Most robot platforms, however, support only one or ...two of the above skills.
In this paper we present Dynamaid, a robot platform for research on domestic service applications. For robust navigation, Dynamaid has a base with four individually steerable differential wheel pairs, which allow omnidirectional motion. For mobile manipulation, Dynamaid is additionally equipped with two anthropomorphic arms that include a gripper, and with a trunk that can be lifted as well as twisted. For intuitive multimodal communication, the robot has a microphone, stereo cameras, and a movable head. Its humanoid upper body supports natural interaction. It can perceive persons in its environment, recognize and synthesize speech.
We developed software for the tests of the RoboCup@Home competitions, which serve as benchmarks for domestic service robots. With Dynamaid and our communication robot Robotinho, our team Nimbro@Home took part in the RoboCup German Open 2009 and RoboCup 2009 competitions in which we came in second and third, respectively. We also won the innovation award for innovative robot design, empathic behaviors, and robot-robot cooperation.
Primjena profesionalnih servisnih robota u vatrogastvu je iz godine u godinu sve veća, kako za neposredno gašenje, tako i za bolji nadzor i upravljanje požarima. Djelovanje robota odvija se u ...otvorenim i zatvorenim prostorima, uključujući i zračni prostor. Pojedina rješenja prilagođena su urbanim uvjetima, dok su druga predviđena za gašenje na neravnim i teško prohodnim terenima. Posebne su izvedbe robota za istraživanje, inspekciju i gašenje požara u stambenim i industrijskim objektima. Nadzor požara na otvorenim prostorima obavlja se pomoću specijaliziranih bespilotnih letjelica. Uporaba robota u vatrogastvu značajno smanjuje rizike intervencija, omogućava bolju koordinaciju i učinkovitiju borbu s vatrenom stihijom. Hrvatska ima razvijene vlastite vatrogasne robote i u tom pogledu zauzima ravnopravno mjesto s vodećim zemljama svijeta. U ovom radu se predlaže koncept naprednog nadzora i upravljanja požara temeljen na stručnim znanjima hrvatskih tvrtki i sveučilišta.
DEC 2 - (<http://www.newsrx.com> NewsRx.com) -- Research findings, 'Differences in endoplasmic-reticulum quality control determine the cellular response to disease-associated mutants of proteolipid ...protein,' are discussed in a new report (see also <http://www.newsrx.com/library/topics/Life-Sciences.html> Life Sciences). According to recent research from Manchester, the United Kingdom, "Missense mutations in human PLP1, the gene encoding myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), cause dysmyelinating Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease of varying severity.
U radu su prikazani pravci razvoja robota, te neki značajniji reprezentanti pojedinih razvojnih pravaca. Istaknut je utjecaj primjene robota na konkurentnost gospodarstava. Prikazana su istraživanja ...utjecaja na zaposlenost i vrstu zanimanja koja će biti nepotrebna, kao i na zanimanja koja će biti tražena. Navedena su neka moguća zanimanja koja će biti interesantna u budućnosti. Analizirana je inicijativa Europe u periodu do 2020. godine pokretanjem SPARC projekta, te tržni efekti kao i dodatna zapošljavanja koja se očekuju. Prikazana je situacija u Hrvatskoj s aspekta primjene robota ali i proizvodnih i razvojnih potencijala našeg gospodarstva. Istaknuti su primjeri uspješnih tvrtki koji se bave razvojem i primjenom robota. Opisana je problematika sustava obrazovanja i obrazovnih institucija iz područja robotike.
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