The papers collected in this volume provide invaluable insights into the results of different interactions between "Romans" and Others. Articles dealing with cultural changes within and outside the ...borders of Roman Empire highlight the idea that those very changes had different results and outcomes depending on various social, political, economic, geographical and chronological factors. Most of the contributions here focus on the issues of what it means to be Roman in different contexts, and show that the concept and idea of Roman-ness were different for the various populations that interacted with Romans through several means of communication, including political alliances, wars, trade, and diplomacy. The volume also covers a huge geographical area, from Britain, across Europe to the Near East and the Caucasus, but also provides information on the Roman Empire through eyes of foreigners, such as the ancient Chinese.
The lineage novel flourished in Korea from the late seventeenth to
the early twentieth century. These vast works unfold
genealogically, tracing the lives of several generations. New
storylines, often ...written by different authors, follow the lives of
the descendants of the original protagonists, offering encyclopedic
accounts of domestic life cycles and relationships. Elite women
transcribed these texts-which span tens and even hundreds of
volumes-in exquisite vernacular calligraphy and transmitted them
through generations in their families. In Kinship Novels of
Early Modern Korea , Ksenia Chizhova foregrounds lineage novels
and the domestic world in which they were read to recast the social
transformations of Chosŏn Korea and the development of early modern
Korean literature. She demonstrates women's centrality to the
creation of elite vernacular Korean practices and argues that
domestic-focused genres such as lineage novels, commemorative
texts, and family tales shed light on the emergence and
perpetuation of patrilineal kinship structures. The proliferation
of kinship narratives in the Chosŏn period illuminates the changing
affective contours of familial bonds and how the domestic space
functioned as a site of their everyday experience. Drawing on an
archive of women-centered elite vernacular texts, Chizhova uncovers
the structures of feelings and conceptions of selfhood beneath
official genealogies and legal statutes, revealing that kinship is
as much a textual as a social practice. Shedding new light on
Korean literary history and questions of Korea's modernity, this
book also offers a broader lens on the global rise of the novel.
In order to reconstruct the activity of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) during the last ∼4 kyr, two stalagmites from Baratang cave in Andaman Islands have been investigated for their temporal ...variations in δ18O. The chronology is provided by radiocarbon ages on the stalagmites. During 1800–2100 cal yr BP, we observed a significant increase in stalagmite δ18O that we infer is caused by the amount effect. This increase implies a strong reduction in the strength of the ISM that is correlated with the Roman Warm Period. Other proxy records in the region confirm a reduction in ISM activity during this time. Reduction in the ISM is also observed around 1500 and 400–800 cal yr BP; the latter period is the transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age. The strongest monsoon in the last ∼4 kyr is observed during 800–1200 cal yr BP, the Medieval Warm Period.
Key Points
Indian Summer Monsoon variation for the last 4 kyr has been reconstructed
All major global climate events of last 4 kyr are observed in stalagmite d18O
A strong reduction in the ISM is observed during Roman Warm Period (~2 kyr BP)
This book explores the spoliation of architectural and sculptural materials during the Roman empire. Examining a wide range of materials, including imperial portraits, statues associated with master ...craftsmen, architectural moldings and fixtures, tombs and sarcophagi, arches and gateways, it demonstrates that secondary intervention was common well before Late Antiquity, in fact, centuries earlier than has been previously acknowledged. The essays in this volume, written by a team of international experts, collectively argue that re-use was a natural feature of human manipulation of the physical environment, rather than a sign of social pressure. Re-use often reflected appreciation for the function, form, and design of the material culture of earlier eras. Political, social, religious, and economic factors also contributed to the practice. A comprehensive overview of spoliation and re-use, this volume examines the phenomenon in Rome and throughout the Mediterranean world.
An independent Roman dominating function (IRD-function) on a graph
G
is a function
f
:
V
(
G
) → {0, 1, 2} satisfying the conditions that (i) every vertex
u
for which
f
(
u
) = 0 is adjacent to at ...least one vertex
v
for which
f
(
v
) = 2, and (ii) the set of all vertices assigned non-zero values under
f
is independent. The weight of an IRD-function is the sum of its function values over all vertices, and the independent Roman domination number
i
R
(
G
) of
G
is the minimum weight of an IRD-function on
G
. In this paper, we initiate the study of the independent Roman bondage number
b
iR
(
G
) of a graph
G
having at least one component of order at least three, defined as the smallest size of set of edges
F
⊆
E
(
G
) for which
i
R
(
G
−
F
) >
i
R
(
G
). We begin by showing that the decision problem associated with the independent Roman bondage problem is NP-hard for bipartite graphs. Then various upper bounds on
b
iR
(
G
) are established as well as exact values on it for some special graphs. In particular, for trees
T
of order at least three, it is shown that
b
iR
(
T
) ≤ 3, while for connected planar graphs the upper bounds are in terms of the maximum degree with refinements depending on the girth of the graph.
In this article we explore interregional trade at the polis of Antiochia Hippos during the Roman period. The discovery of chronologically well-defined Roman-period ceramic assemblages at the site ...provides an opportunity for a diachronic study of Roman period commerce between Hippos, the only polis in the southern Golan, and the neighbouring Galilee. Results of micromorphological analysis of common Roman period kitchenware indicate that while in the Early Roman period most of the Kefar Hananya types found at Hippos were imported from the Galilee, by the Late Roman period, most of the Kefar Hananya types found there were produced locally in the Golan.
This study uses increased specialisation in husbandry practice and the development of larger livestock as a proxy for spatial and temporal variation in Roman influence in southeast Europe. Data are ...presented from three regions subject to varying levels of Roman control: (a) the Balkan provinces, under long-term occupation; (b) Dacia, a province from 106 to 271/275 CE; and (c) regions beyond the Empire to the northwest and northeast. While little change in husbandry practice occurs during the early Roman occupation in the first centuries BCE and CE, clear changes are evident across occupied regions in the second and third centuries CE. A cattle-focused economic system develops, likely influenced by an increased focus on arable production, and a significant increase in cattle and sheep/goat size is observed. In the Balkan provinces, while larger livestock persist into the early Byzantine period, there is a decline in specialised cattle exploitation at rural sites in the late Roman period, and at urban sites in the early Byzantine period, concurrent with a decrease in Roman political control. In Dacia, in contrast, average livestock size decreases after the Roman withdrawal, while specialised cattle husbandry persists for several centuries. Beyond the Empire, specialised cattle husbandry is evident from the late Iron Age, but increases in the second and third centuries, perhaps indicating the spread of Roman influence beyond occupied regions.
Bringing together specialists in ancient history, archaeology and Roman law, this book analyses the socio-legal framework within which maritime trade was conducted. In doing so, it presents a new ...understanding of the role played by legal and social institutions in the economy of the Roman world.
O tium ist einer der schillerndsten Begriffe der lateinischen Sprache. Sein Bedeutungsspektrum umfasst zahlreiche ambivalente Komponenten, die es erschweren, seine Bedeutung zu fassen. Häufig wird ...otium im Deutschen mit "Muße" übersetzt, doch gleichbedeutend sind die beiden Begriffe keineswegs. Hiervon ausgehend werden als Ergebnisse einer semantischen Studie die grundlegenden Bedeutungskomponenten von otium herausgearbeitet und sein Bedeutungsspektrum strukturiert beschrieben. Dabei nimmt Franziska C. Eickhoff das gesamte semantische Feld von otium in den Blick und arbeitet die Bedeutungskomponenten heraus, die allen Verwendungsmöglichkeiten als Kernbedeutungen gemeinsam sind. So skizziert sie mit Ansätzen der kognitiven Semantik das mentale Konzept von otium und vergleicht es mit dem Konzept von Muße.
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