Except for the knowledge that the Roma people endure harsh conditions and are victims of discrimination, scarce criminological research has given detailed attention to further victimisation or ...offending among the Romanies. Identifying articles in the browsers Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google, we reviewed European publications (1997–2020) in English, French, Romanian or Spanish that addressed the Roma’s victimisation or offending. The 44 studies that matched our criteria suggested that (1) Roma people are victims of hate crimes with devastating consequences; (2) Roma children and women are victims of domestic violence to a greater degree than other groups, although the Roma tend to oppose violence against women; (3) forced early marriages exist among some Romanies and may cause serious problems in adulthood; (4) youth delinquency among the Roma does not differ from that of the non-Roma, although Roma adolescents face more deprivation; (5) Roma men and women are overrepresented in prison and face many difficulties in re-entering society once they are released and (6) there are organised criminal activities in some Roma groups that are supported by their community. Further rigorous post-positivist research, particularly quantitative, is needed to generalise the findings and replicate former studies. Areas of special interest are the causes of anti-Roma discrimination other than ethnicity, the victimisation of children, the Roma’s lack of institutional trust and the relation between victimisation and offending. Conducting comparisons with the general population is essential, and we propose that victims’ surveys and self-reported delinquency studies include questions on ethnicity.
This study aims to attempt to elucidate how a complex network of language ideologies affects the attitudes of the language community of the Roma in Slovakia towards Romani and how certain language ...ideologies lead to particular language practices depending on how they represent the interests of an individual (or a group). As language ideologies related to the Roma’s attitudes to Romani and their communication practices represent a complex system of interrelated ideologies, two language ideologies shall be defined as fundamental for the purposes of this study: the ideology of a minority language and the ideology of the language of a national minority. These two ideologies shall be understood as opposing each other. The ideology of a minority language carries negative connotations. It is characterized mainly by the view of Romani as an inferior language, which is shared by the majority population and consequently also by some members of the minority group. This ideology is related to accepting the absolute dominance of the official state language, the ideology of the harmfulness of bilingualism, and the ideology of language assimilation. The ideology of the language of a national minority, on the other hand, has some positive connotations. It includes the ideology of a fully-fledged language, the ideology of the equality of all languages, the ideology of standard language, or the ideology of children’s right to education in their mother tongue. Both fundamental language ideologies are framed by the ideology of official language and the ideology of bilingualism, which acquire different manifestations in these systems.
Very little research has been done specifically on the condition of the Gypsy slaves in Wallachia. Most general histories ignore them, and few contemporary observers studied them. This is just one ...more sign of their discrimination and neglect. This study draws on the exhaustive nominal lists of the Romani population from the database MapRom which draws on the first preserved count of the population of Danubian principalities (1838). Many aspects of the rob-slave condition have been analysed, the household size, the socio-professional and juridical categories and the Gypsy owners, the degree to which the Gypsies in Wallachia were integrated into the majority population and the ethnic attitudes of the surrounding population, and a case study of formation of a Gypsy settlement.
Roma-related development and policy discourse often represents the Roma development ‘subjects’ as disempowered victims. Against the pervasiveness of such narratives, a close look at the local level ...conflicts arising during the implementation of a World Bank development project in destitute Roma communities from Romania lays bare the strategies of unassisted social mobility in which a group of Roma engage. Not large or well-defined enough to be constituted into a real ‘class’ in sociological terms, this strategic group is made up of Roma civil servants (mediators, local experts, Romani language teachers) who negotiate their engagement in development projects on their own terms and use the material and immaterial resources that projects offer to enact their own upward social mobility. Often, though, this comes at the cost of a growing socio-economic gap between themselves and the most destitute parts of Roma communities, which complicates their involvement in development projects. The article underlines the necessity of taking into account both the strategies of unassisted social mobility of Roma development brokers, and the internal power imbalances that the development apparatus inevitably ends up producing in Roma communities.
As government welfare programming contracts and NGOs increasingly assume core aid functions, they must address a long-standing challenge—that people in need often belong to stigmatized groups. To ...study other-regarding behavior, we fielded an experiment through a text-to-give campaign in Greece. Donations did not increase with an appeal to the in-group (Greek child) relative to a control (child), but they were halved with reference to a stigmatized out-group (Roma child). An appeal to fundamental rights, a common advocacy strategy, did not reduce the generosity gap. Donations to all groups were lower near Roma communities and declined disproportionately for the Roma appeal. Qualitative research in 12 communities complements our experiment. We conclude that NGO fundraising strategies that narrowly emphasize either in-groups or out-groups, or fundamental rights language, may not be as effective as broader appeals, and we discuss implications for public goods provision in an era of growing nationalism.
. Scriptores Iuris Romani is a new edition of the works of the Roman jurists, comparable to that of any other author of Antiquity. Under the stewardship of A. Schiavone, this new edition undertakes ...to replace Mommsen’s edition of the Digest and Lenel’s ‘Palingenesia Iuris Civilis’. Due to its basis in the ‘approccio biografico’, and also due to a naive attitude towards the problems of the textual tradition – which becomes obvious in the editorial choices made by E. Stolfi, who is in charge of this volume on Mucius –, the edition of Mucius’ Opera is not as reliable as it should be. The whole enterprise must be considered an important achievement of scholarship on Mucius, but will neither replace Mommsen nor Lenel.
The article describes in a chronological overview the lexicographical processing of the entry
(‘Gypsy’) and its derivatives which are now perceived as more or less discriminatory and establishes ...historical and political references. Central attention is directed to the dictionary articles from the Concise dictionary of the Czech language: the author explores the connections between the dictionary articles and the tenor of the excerpted material which is available online as a digitized card index. In this way one can partly determine to what extent one can infer an evidence of a prejudice that has accompanied the presence of the Sinti and Roma on the Bohemian / Czech or Moravian territory for centuries until today.
CIGANOS NA ESCOLA: DESAFIOS E POTENCIALIDADES Pereira Pinto, Ana Kátia; Oliveira, Ivone Martins de
Journal of research in special educational needs,
08/2016, Letnik:
16, Številka:
S1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Esse texto tem como objetivo suscitar reflexões sobre as relações estabelecidas entre os ciganos e a escola. A partir dos pressupostos teóricos que norteiam a pesquisa do tipo etnográfica, pretende ...analisar as práticas pedagógicas no encontro cultural entre ciganos e não‐ciganos no contexto escolar. Os dados aqui apresentados são oriundos de uma observação participante realizada em uma Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental, do município de Fundão, no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, que nos anos de 2008 e 2009, tinha quatro alunos ciganos matriculados. Para este trabalho, vamos enfocar dados relacionados ao aluno cigano Vagner, de 7 anos, matriculado no segundo ano do ensino fundamental. As observações foram desenvolvidas tanto no espaço escolar quanto fora da escola, abarcando o acampamento onde Vagner residida naquele momento, locais de festas típicas onde os grupos ciganos capixabas se encontravam em eventos relativos à cultura, como casamentos, batizados, aniversários e outros. Os eixos norteadores das análises foram: aspectos da cultura, práticas pedagógicas e processos educativos. As análises apontaram que, por não conhecer as especificidades étnicas, a docente desconsiderou as peculiaridades do aluno, não rompendo com os estigmas e rótulos que prevalecem no senso comum sobre este povo, sendo que em vários momentos, acabou por reforçá‐los. Tal postura implicou no desinteresse do aluno pela escolarização, pois não sendo reconhecido e legitimado em suas aspirações, Vagner não se envolvia nas propostas de estudo. Apontou que a educação na diversidade implica a abrangência de outras formas de ser, de viver, de pensar, de educar. Indicou que o desconhecimento, afasta, regride, limita e engessa. Assim, consideramos que um dos maiores desafios na escolarização dos alunos ciganos seja o de problematizar as práticas pedagógicas formatadas, homogenizantes, ou seja, desinstitucionalizar as palavras, os termos, as designações e aproximar os saberes e conhecimentos de forma que as paredes concretas não continuem a reproduzir barreiras e muralhas subjetivas e simbólicas.
As part of the EU’s social policy, the National Roma Integration Strategies (NRIS) have been in force until 2020. It was a pending task to systematically observe how these strategies define the Roma ...population and what element of the definition is prioritised. This is useful in understanding the limits of a unitary policy within the European Union concerning the Roma and also to analyse the orientation of said policies in each country. In this sense, we have previously defined what the Roma heteroidentification components are and we have selected the terms and lexemes that are associated with them. By using content analysis techniques, we have pinpointed the components in the NRIS and we have conducted a statistical analysis with the obtained data. The majority of EU countries define the Roma in their strategies as an ethnocultural, disadvantaged and discriminated group and, to a lesser extent, as foreigners or nomads. This heteroidentification is established based on the geopolitical bloc (East and West) to which the country belongs and the department in charge of the NRIS (mainly social departments or specific departments for minorities).
Male juveniles in segregated poor neighbourhoods are at increased risk of violence. The code of the street approach is commonly used to understand the context informing street violence in such ...marginalized spaces, but the concept is mainly used in Western countries, especially in African American communities in the US. This study investigates whether the code of the street is also applicable to the largest Roma neighbourhood in Europe, located in Bulgaria, through guided interviews with male juveniles. The results show that some elements of the code work are applicable in this space, but clear differences also emerge. These findings affect the generalizability of the approach and the understanding of street violence.
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