Crustal growth and mantle differentiation through Earth’s history are often traced using two radiogenic isotope systems - 176Lu-176Hf and 147Sm-143Nd. Unlike most post-Archean igneous rocks that show ...correlated initial Hf and Nd isotopic compositions, many ancient rocks have broadly chondritic zircon initial εHf values but highly variable whole-rock initial εNd values. These features have classically been interpreted as differences in the behavior of the Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope systems during either deep magma ocean crystallization, subduction zone processes, or post-crystallization metamorphism. To clarify the cause of early Archean Hf-Nd isotope relationships, which are essential for understanding early Earth’s evolution, we investigated the in situ U-Th-Pb and Sm-Nd isotope systematics of co-existing titanite, apatite, and allanite—the major Sm-Nd carriers in early Archean felsic rocks—in a representative early Archean (3.5–3.4 Ga) tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suite from the Minnesota River Valley (MRV) terrane, northern USA. These rocks exhibit multiple generations of closed-system zircon growth with chondritic initial zircon Hf isotope signatures, and apparent decoupled zircon initial Hf and whole-rock Nd isotopic compositions, and thus serve as an useful test of the role of accessory minerals in controlling the whole rock isotopic signatures.
Our new U-Pb results show that the REE-rich accessory phases were reset during the 2.60–2.58 Ga Sacred Heart Orogeny, representing the accretion of the MRV terrane to the southern margin of the Superior Craton. Additionally, two samples contain apatite that yields significantly younger U-Pb dates of 1.9–1.8 Ga, suggesting that a portion of the MRV basement was thermally overprinted by the ∼1.85 Ga Penokean Orogeny. The ∼2.6 Ga Sm-Nd array recorded by apatite and titanite in these rocks suggest terrane-wide Sm-Nd isotopic re-equilibration in the MRV during the Sacred Heart Orogeny, with no Penokean disturbance of the Sm-Nd isotope systematics. Nevertheless, allanite in one sample has survived the post-crystallization 147Sm-143Nd resetting event, and yielded a Sm-Nd isochron date broadly consistent with the crystallization age of the host rock (∼3.4 Ga), with chondritic initial εNd. Therefore, allanite appears to be an important target in order to obtain the primary Nd isotopic signature of early Archean rocks in ancient terranes. In contrast to the ambiguous whole-rock data, the Nd isotopic compositions of the coexisting apatite, titanite and allanite collectively reconstruct a clear crustal evolution history in which the crust was repeatedly re-melted in a closed-system since formation at 3.5 Ga, initially from a source evolving with broadly chondritic Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd systematics. This suggests a minimally differentiated, or already rehomogenized, mantle at 3.5 Ga. Our study highlights the importance of using REE-rich accessory phases to obtain a clear Nd isotopic record to constrain the history of continent formation on the early Earth.
After the suppression of the Society of Jesus in 1773, the Maronite prophetess and founder of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Bkerké, Anna Agemi, known as Hindiyé, was accused of gullible ...woman and feigned holiness. The ex-Jesuits expressed their indignation at being considered accomplices of this religious woman with a reputation as a philo-jesuit. The present article analyzes the prophetic dimension of Hindiyé in relation to the Ignatians as well as its spiritual model according to the archetypes of the time.
Tras la supresión de la Compañía de Jesús en 1773, la profetisa y fundadora maronita de la Congregación del Sagrado Corazón de Bkerké, Anna Agemi, conocida como Hindiyé, fue acusada de ilusa y de fingida santidad. Los exjesuitas manifestaron su indignación al ser considerados cómplices de esta religiosa con fama de filojesuita. El presente artículo analiza la dimensión profética de Hindiyé en relación a los ignacianos así como su modelo espiritual según los arquetipos de la época.
This is the moving and improbable story of Claire Ferchaud, a young French shepherdess who had visions of Jesus and gained national fame as a modern-day Joan of Arc at the height of World War I. ...Claire experienced her first vision after a childhood trauma in which her mother locked her in a closet to break her stubborn willfulness. She developed her visionary gifts with the aid of spiritual directors and, by the age of twenty, she had come to believe that Jesus wanted France consecrated to the Sacred Heart. Claire believed that if France undertook this devotion, symbolized by adding the image of the Sacred Heart to the French flag, it would enjoy rapid victory in the war. From her modest origins to her spectacular ascent, Claire's life and times are deftly related with literary verve and insight in a book that gives a rare view of the French countryside during the Great War.
Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es explorar los mecanismos de la visualidad háptica aplicada a imágenes religiosas de reproducción masiva. Para ello, se ha trabajado con una muestra de estampas ...devocionales católicas perteneciente al Museo Histórico Nacional, las que corresponden a imágenes del Sagrado Corazón en sus distintas variantes. Sostengo que el carácter háptico de las imágenes es fundamental para la mirada religiosa y las formas de la creencia, evidenciando los mecanismos de persuasión que estas imágenes comportan, así como sus implicaciones táctiles, visuales y corporales.
This article presents the results from an experimental analysis supplemented by a systematic exploitation of the archival sources of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Algiers (Algeria). Built in 1956, ...this church is a revolutionary example of modern architecture using concrete material. It is one of the major achievements that participated in producing part of an abstract heritage. Through its very fine structure and construction technique, reflected by the hyperbolic tower as well as the hyperbolic paraboloids and thin V-shaped walls, the church reveals the great possibilities offer by concrete. The general shape of its plan strikingly reminds the symbolic fish of the first Christians with a huge nave measuring 52 m in length and 35 m in width. A numerical analysis was carried out using finite elements method including new Algerian seismic provisions. A non-destructive testing campaign was also performed using the SonReb method which could be used as a decision-making tool for possible repairs or reinforcements.
The results obtained confirm both the stability and integrity of this architectural work. According to the current Algerian seismic code, the deformations and stresses in the basilica structure remain stable. The quality of the concrete with regard to its compressive strength is very satisfactory. This gives a great degree of reliability on the good choice of materials, as much as on the design adopted for the construction of the sacred basilica heart of Algiers.
•The design adopted for the Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, has already resisted an earthquake measuring 6.7 on the Richter scale.•The unique design of this work bears witness to the advanced seismic engineering of the period, which focused specifically on the materials to be used and was based on general common sense of design and construction.•The geometry, the choice of structure, the thickness of the narrow walls reinforced in concrete, the quality of materials, the adjustment, the position of load-bearing, reinforced concrete pillars as well as the choice of their sections and forms, the laying technique, are all parameters which have contributed to good seismic behaviour for the whole of the work.
This biographical essay identifies the key factors and people that played a role in the development of Jim Holland’s hybrid identity. From his beginning as a Baptist in rural North Carolina, it ...traces his conversion to Roman Catholicism and his pursuit of priestly vocation to Canada’s Indigenous people, highlighting the significant ways he identified with the Indigenous community and offered ministry to them.
Chapter 21 of the Book of Revelations contains a detailed description of the New Jerusalem as a city full of divine light and erected on a foundation of brilliant minerals. In the gothic cathedrals ...built in the Middle Ages this radiant and transcendent place was often represented in their stained glass windows and so made partly visible by the incoming and always changing light. In this contribution light will be shed on the use of stained glass as a translucent medium to make the transcendent transparent. Next to the imagery of the New Jerusalem, attention will be paid to chandeliers representing this holy city as well as to windows with the sacred heart and the remarkable stained glasswork the Belgian artist Wim Delvoye, by many considered to be blasphemous.
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