•Facilities visits change due to the COVID-19 spread.•Short- and long-term policy implications against COVID-19 pandemic.•Mobile Spatial Statistics and spatiotemporal population density.•Examining ...dynamic population distribution at high resolution.
By the end of 2021, the Omicron variant of coronavirus disease 2019 had become the dominant cause of a worldwide pandemic crisis. This demands a deeper analysis to support policy makers in creating interventions that not only protect people from the pandemic but also remedy its negative effects on the economy. Thus, this study investigated people’s mobility changes through the relationship between spatiotemporal population density and urban facilities. Results showed that places related to daily services, restaurants, commercial areas, and offices experienced decreased visits, with the highest decline belonging to commercial facilities. Visits to health care and production facilities were stable on weekdays but increased on holidays. Educational institutions’ visits decreased on weekdays but increased on holidays. People’s visits to residential housing and open spaces increased, with the rise in residential housing visits being more substantial. The results also confirmed that policy interventions (e.g., declaration of emergency and upgrade of restriction level) have a great impact on people’s mobility in the short term. The findings would seem to indicate that visit patterns at service and restaurant places decreased least during the pandemic. The analysis outcomes suggest that policy makers should pay more attention to risk perception enhancement as a long-term measure. Furthermore, the study clarified the population density of each facility type in a time series. Improving model performance would be promising for tracking and predicting the spread of future pandemics.
This study grasped the status of the formation, utilization and management of public space networks through public-private partnership in central Sapporo.As a result, the following became clear. In ...the various plans of Sapporo City, the policy of forming a public space network is clarified. The public-private consultation mechanism for ensuring its effectiveness and developing it has matured to the introduction of a local discussion mechanism. In conjunction with the large expansion of public facilities for people, a network was formed that organically linked underground and indoor public spaces by utilizing these mechanisms.
Changes in common areas of condominiums in Sapporo Majikina, Tatsuya; Ito, Yuta
Journal of Asian architecture and building engineering,
01/2024, Letnik:
ahead-of-print, Številka:
ahead-of-print
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Many Asian countries are experiencing rapid urbanization. Japan is no exception, and urbanization is progressing in many regions. This study focuses on condominiums that have supported Japan's ...urbanization and captures the evolution of their common areas. We target condominiums built in Sapporo City and analyze changes over a 40-year period based on data books and pamphlet drawings. The survey results revealed the following four points: 1) We determined the trends of the reduction in site and building areas and the move to an increase in number of floors. 2) In recent years, the installation rates of various common facilities, such as storage rooms, have increased. 3) We observed that the separation between public and private became clear with the progress of common facilities that had been moved indoors and outdoors, and in particular, the progressing trend of consolidating common facilities on the first floor of residential buildings. 4) We ascertained that, accompanying the consolidation of common facilities on the first floor, the number of flow lines from the inside to common facilities such as "parking lots" increased, where the original relationship with the outside in particular had been enhanced.
Cases where area management has been utilized for the planning of urban cores in Japan have been increasing. However, area management organizations still carry various financial as well as ...organizational issues. In Sapporo city, the central city planning office and two private town planning companies are jointly undertaking the tasks of area management in order to enhance the attractiveness and vibrance of central Sapporo. There are many important lessons to be learned from the Sapporo’s case in promoting area management.
Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is a promising technology for improving the recording density of hard disk drives. A near-field transducer (NFT), which forms a small light spot on a recording ...medium, is necessary in HAMR. The authors’ group previously proposed a device, in which a metal nano-antenna acting as an NFT is attached to a semiconductor ring resonator acting as a laser. There are TE- and TM-like modes in the ring resonator. Because a near-field light is generated at the tip of nano-antenna only in TE-like mode, how to excite TE-like mode selectively is an important issue. In this study, a numerical simulation considering gain was conducted to investigate whether a double-ring-resonator-type device is effective for improving the mode selectivity between TE- and TM-like modes. The size of the ring resonators was determined so that the resonance frequency of each ring resonator was almost the same for TE-like mode and slightly different for TM-like mode. The double-ring-resonator-type device was found to be effective for making the laser oscillation with TE-like mode more dominant than with TM-like mode. The size of the smaller ring resonator should not be too small to secure practical manufacturing tolerance. Moreover, both ring resonators should have gain to obtain adequate gain for each mode and energy density at the tip of nano-antenna simultaneously.
Monitoring of Escherichia coli concentrations in river water (RW) is essential to identify fecal pollution of the river. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability of a novel, simple ...and high throughput method developed in our laboratory to enumerate E. coli concentrations in RW samples. The method is based on the use of the synthetic substrate specific for the β-d-glucuronidase (GUS) produced by E. coli. GUS activities and E. coli concentrations were monitored at eight selected sites in rivers running through Sapporo, Japan. Because the fluorescence intensities of the synthetic substrate in the RW samples increased linearly over a 4-h incubation period, we could estimate the GUS activities of the RW samples. The GUS activities were highly correlated with E. coli concentrations at >100 most probable numbers 100 mL
with a correlation coefficient of 0.87. The GUS activities of the RW samples collected from all sampling sites fitted well to a single correlation equation, which indicates that it was applicable to the estimation of E. coli concentrations regardless of the sampling sites. This method is simple, rapid, reliable, inexpensive, and high throughput, and is therefore useful for monitoring E. coli in RW.
To analyze antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-positive patients using the 2023 American College of Rheumatology/The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (ACR/EULAR) antiphospholipid ...syndrome (APS) classification criteria and compare the revised Sapporo criteria and the 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria and evaluate whether the 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria provide added value over the revised Sapporo criteria.
In this descriptive study, 94 aPL-positive patients (with or without APS diagnosis) were identified from two hospital-based registries (Gazi and Hacettepe University). Patients were classified into four groups to compare both criteria sets. These four groups are as follows: (1) patients classified with only the revised Sapporo criteria; (2) patients classified with only the 2023 ACR/EULAR APS criteria; (3) patients classified with both two criteria sets; and (4) patients classified with neither two criteria set.
Of the 94 patients, 11 were classified with only the revised Sapporo criteria; one with only the 2023 ACR/EULAR APS criteria; 52 with both criteria sets; and 30 with neither set of criteria. For these 94 patients, the operating characteristics of the 2023 ACR/EULAR APS criteria, using the revised Sapporo criteria as the gold standard, the 2023 ACR/EULAR APS entry criteria demonstrated 100% sensitivity, and the 2023 ACR/EULAR APS classification criteria demonstrated 98% specificity and 82.5% sensitivity.
The study emphasizes the importance of recognizing differences in clinical manifestations, such as early pregnancy loss without severe preeclampsia (PEC) and/or severe placental insufficiency (PI) and calls for a nuanced discussion on anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-beta 2-glycoprotein-I (anti-β2GPI) immunoglobulin G (IgG) cutoff values.
A light-field camera is an optical system that provides multi-field-angle information in one shot. The microlens array (MLA) in a light-field camera system is the key to provide multi-field-angle ...information. However, its numerical aperture limits the microlens’ spatial resolution and the image’s quality. We proposed a new microlens array for the light-field camera in this work. This MLA consists of one larger primary microlens and 72 satellite microlenses, simultaneously providing high-resolution image information from different angles. Moreover, this MLA can be easily fabricated by nanoimprint at a low cost. The measured spatial resolution of the primary microlens is 53.74 lp/mm higher than satellite microlens when MTF = 0.3. Finally, a one-shot photograph of a light-field camera shows one high-resolution and other views from different angles of the bear doll. The high-resolution light-field camera has great potential to apply in object ranging and face recognition in the future.
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